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Volumn 292, Issue 5519, 2001, Pages 1127-1131

14C-dead living biomass: Evidence for microbial assimilation of ancient organic carbon during shale weathering

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIOMASS; LIPIDS; MICROORGANISMS; OXYGEN; WEATHERING;

EID: 0035843731     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.1058332     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (234)

References (39)
  • 14
  • 16
    • 0343771250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • PLFAs are designated by the ratio of the number of carbon atoms to the number of double bonds. A cyc prefix indicates a cyclopropyl ring.
  • 19
    • 0343771249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • The 60-cm core was obtained with a hand-powered coring auger equipped with presterilized stainless-steel core sleeves. Material from the bottom of the core was dark in color, blocky, and unfractured and gave off a petroliferous odor. Mid-depths of the core exhibited progressive lightening in color and increased friability. Iron staining was visible along several partings in the shale. The top 10 cm of the core was characterized by light brown shale rubble interspersed with roots and leaf litter. Further core data are provided in Table 1. Lysimeters were installed in the weathering profile and were sampled in June 2000 to measure soil-water pH.
  • 20
    • 0342900340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 13C notation as ‰ deviation from the Pee Dee Betemnite standard and were corrected for the addition of methyl carbon during transesterification.
  • 21
    • 0342900339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 4, and HCl (to pH 3).
  • 22
    • 0343335385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 3OH. The extracted shale was then dried at 40°C for 18 hours to drive off solvent.
  • 23
    • 0342900338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • To monitor cells, 2 to 10 μl were removed from cultures and either dried in air onto microscope slides or filtered onto black polycarbonate membranes (0.2 μm). Slides and filters were stained with DAPI (4′,6′-diamidino-2-phenylindole), which binds to DNA, or acridine orange, which binds to DNA and RNA. Slides and mounted filters were observed with a Zeiss Axiovert S100 equipped with a Hg vapor lamp.
  • 24
    • 0342900337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 8 cells/ml, extrapolated from 20 counts conducted on three separate filters.
  • 25
    • 0342900336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • The culture was centrifuged to separate solids from growth medium, and then extracted as in (20).
  • 26
    • 0343771248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 14C content by the National Ocean Science Mass Spectrometry facility at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
  • 31
    • 0342900333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Fluorescent in situ hybridizations were performed on core samples and cultures with established hybridization protocols and fluorescent-labeled probes (universal and domain-level bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic probes). Positive hybridizations and negative controls showed that in culture and deepest core samples, the cell population was predominantly Bacteria, with smaller numbers of Archaea and Eukarya.
  • 32
    • 0342466016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 2; and dried at 40°C to remove solvent.
  • 33
    • 0342466015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Polished blocks of unweathered New Albany Shale were sterilized by autoclaving at 120°C for 20 min, and then introduced into existing cultures. Blocks were removed after 24, 48, and 96 hours. Blocks were rinsed in sterile growth medium to remove loosely attached cells, stained with acridine orange, and viewed by epifluorescence microscopy to examine attachment of microbial cells to the shale surface.
  • 38
    • 0034051593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R. A. Berner et al., Science 287, 1630 (2000).
    • (2000) Science , vol.287 , pp. 1630
    • Berner, R.A.1
  • 39
    • 0342900332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 14C analyses. Supported by NSF grants EAR-9805517 (T.I.E.) and EAR-87399800 (K.J.E.) and the Woods Hole/USGS Postdoctoral Scholars Program. This is WHOI contribution 10439.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.