MAGic: A Phanerozoic model for the geochemical cycling of major rock-forming components

American Journal of Science

Volumn 306, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 135-190

  Arvidson, Rolf S ^a   Mackenzie, Fred T ^b   Guidry, Michael ^b  

^a RICE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBON DIOXIDE; DOLOMITE; GEOCHEMICAL CYCLE; OXYGEN; PHANEROZOIC; WEATHERING;

EID: 33745780285     PISSN: 00029599     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2475/ajs.306.3.135     Document Type: Article

References (84)

1. 2 during alteration of ocean crust: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 63, p. 1527-1535.
2. Arvidson, R. S., and Mackenzie, F. T., 1997, Tentative kinetic model for dolomite precipitation rate: Aquatic Geochemistry, v. 2, p. 273-298.
3. Arvidson, R. S., and Mackenzie, F. T., 1999, The dolomite problem: control of precipitation kinetics by temperature and saturation state: American Journal of Science, v. 299, p. 257-288.
4. Arvidson, R. S., Mackenzie, F. T., and Guidry, M. W., 2000, Ocean/ atmosphere history and carbonate precipitation rates: a solution to the "dolomite problem"?, in Glenn, C. R., Prévôt-Lucas, L., and Lucas, J., editors, Marine Authigenesis: From Global to Microbial: S.E.P.M. Special Publication No. 65, p. 1-5.
5. Arvidson, R. S., Mackenzie, F. T., and Guidry, M. W., 2006, The control of Phanerozoic atmosphere and seawater composition by basalt-seawater exchange reactions: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 88, p. 412-415.
6. 2 over Phanerozoic time: American Journal of Science, v. 291, p. 339-376.
7. 2 over Phanerozoic time: American Journal of Science, v. 294, p. 56-91.
8. 2 over Phanerozoic time: the role of land plants: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, v. 353, p. 75-82.
9. Berner, R. A., 1999, A new look at the long term carbon cycle: GSA Today, v. 9, p. 1-6.
10. Berner, R. A., 2001, Modeling atmospheric oxygen over Phanerozoic time: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 65, p. 685-694.
11. 2: New York, Oxford University Press, 158 p.
12. Berner, R. A., and Canfield, D. E., 1989, A new model for atmospheric oxygen over Phanerozoic time: American Journal of Science, v. 289, p. 333-361.
13. 2 over Phanerozoic time: American Journal of Science, v. 301, p. 182-204.
14. Berner, R. A., Lasaga, A. C., and Garrels, R. M., 1983, The carbonate-silicate geochemical cycle and its effect on atmospheric carbon dioxide over the past 100 million years: American Journal of Science, v. 283, p. 641-683.
15. 2 evolution: Science, v. 287, p. 1630-1633.
16. Berner, R. A., Beerling, D. J., Dudley, R., Robinson, J. M., and Wildman, R. A., Jr., 2003, Phanerozoic atmospheric oxygen: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 31, p. 105-134.
17. Boss, S. K., and Wilkinson, B. H., 1991, Planktogenic/eustatic control of cratonic/oceanic carbonate accumulation: Journal of Geology, v. 99, p. 497-513.
18. Budyko, O. M. I., Ronov, A. B., and Yanshin, A. L., 1987, History of the Earth's Atmosphere, translated from Russian by Lemeshko, S. F., and Yanuta, V. G.: Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 139 p.
19. Canfield, D. E., 1991, Sulfate reduction in deep-sea sediments: American Journal of Science, v. 291, p. 177-188.
20. Compton, J. S., Mallinson, D. J., Glenn, C. R., Filippelli, G., Follmi, K., Shields, G., and Zanin, Y., 2000, Variations in the global phosphorus cycle, in Glenn, C. R., Prévôt-Lucas, L., and Lucas, J., editors, Marine Authigenesis: From global to microbial: Society of Sedimentary Geology, v. 66, p. 21-33.
21. Dickson, A. G., and Millero, F. J., 1987, A comparison of the equilibrium constants for the dissociation of carbonic acid in seawater media: Deep-Sea Research, v. 34, p. 1733-43.
22. Dickson, J. A. D., 2002, Fossil echinoderms as monitor of the Mg/Ca Ratio of Phanerozoic oceans: Science, v. 298, p. 1222-1224.
23. Drever J. I., 1971, Magnesium-Iron replacement in clay minerals in anoxic marine sediments: Science, v. 172, p. 1334-1336.
24. Engebretson, D. C., Kelley, K. P., Cashman, H. J., and Richards, M. R., 1992, 180 Million years of subduction: GSA Today, v. 2, p. 93-95.
25. Gaffin, S., 1987, Ridge volume dependence on sea-floor generation rate and inversion using long-term sea-level change: American Journal of Science, v. 287, p. 596-611.
26. Garrels, R. M., 1965, Silica: Role in buffering of natural waters: Science, v. 148, p. 69.
27. Garrels, R. M., and Mackenzie, F. T., 1971, Evolution of Sedimentary Rocks: New York, W.W. Norton and Company, 397 p.
28. Garrels, R. M., and Mackenzie, F. T., 1972, A quantitative model for the sedimentary rock cycle: Marine Chemistry, v. 1, p. 27-41.
29. Garrels, R. M., and Perry, E. A., Jr., 1974, Cycling of carbon, sulfur and oxygen through geologic time, in Goldberg, E. D., editor, The Sea: NewYork, Wiley-Interscience, v. 5, p. 303-316.
30. Given, R. K., and Wilkinson, B. H., 1987, Dolomite abundance and stratigraphic age-constraints on rates and mechanisms of dolomite formation: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 57, p. 1068-1078.
31. Gregor, C. B., Garrels, R. M., Mackenzie, F. T., and Maynard, J. B., 1988, Chemical Cycles in the Evolution of the Earth: New York, John Wiley and Sons, 276 p.
32. Guidry M. W., Arvidson, R. S., and Mackenzie, F. T., 2006, Carbonate-silicate biogeochemical cycle: Relevance to seawater, atmosphere and carbonate precipitate composition during the Phanerozoic, in Falkowski, P., and Knoll, A., editors, Evolution of Primary Producers of the Sea: San Diego, Academic Press.
33. 2: A model perspective: American Journal of Science, v. 303, p. 94-148.
34. Hardie, L. A., 1996, Secular variations in seawater chemistry: An explanation for the coupled secular variation in the mineralogies of marine limestones and potash evaporites over the past 600 m.y.: Geology, v. 24, p. 279-283.
35. 4 solutions from 0 to 90°C: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 57, p. 3533-3555.
36. Holland, H. D., 1984, The geochemical evolution of atmosphere and oceans: Princeton, Princeton University Press, 582 p.
37. Holland, H. D., and Zimmerman, H., 2000, The dolomite problem revisited: International Geology Review, v. 42, p. 481-490.
38. Holser, W. T., 1984, Gradual and abrupt shifts in ocean chemistry during Phanerozoic time, in Holland, H. D., and Trendall, A. F., editors., Patterns of Change in Earth Evolution: Berlin, Dahlem Konferenzen, Springer-Verlag, p. 123-143.
39. Horita, J., Zimmermann, H., and Holland, H. D., 2002, Chemical evolution of seawater during the Phanerozoic - Implications from the record of marine evaporates: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 66, p. 3733-3756.
40. Hutcheon, I., Oldershaw, A., and Ghent, E. D., 1980, Diagenesis of Cretaceous sandstones of the Kootenay Formation at Elk Valley (southeastern British Columbia) and Mt. Allan (southwestern Alberta): Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 44, p. 1425-35.
41. Lasaga, A. C., 1981, Dynamic treatment of geochemical cycles: Global Kinetics, in Lasaga, A. C., and Kirkpatrick, R. J., editors, Kinetics of Geochemical Processes: Mineralogical Society of America, Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, v. 8, p. 69-109.
42. 2: Natural variations Archean to Present: American Geophysical Union, Geophysical Monograph, v. 32, p. 397- 411.
43. Lécuyer, C., and Ricard, Y., 1999, Long-term fluxes and budget of ferric iron: implications for the redox state of Earth mantle and atmosphere: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 165, p. 197-211.
44. Lowenstein, T. K., Timofeeff, M. N., Brennan, S. T., Hardie, L. A., and Demicco, R. V., 2001, Oscillations in Phanerozoic seawater chemistry: evidence from fluid inclusions: Science, v. 294, p. 1086-1088.
45. Lowenstein, T. K., Hardie, L. A., Timofeeff, M. N., and Demicco, R. V., 2003, Secular variation in seawater chemistry and the origin of calcium chloride basinal brines: Geology, v. 31, p. 857-860.
46. Mackenzie, F. T., 1992, Chemical mass balance between rivers and oceans: Encyclopedia of Earth System Science, v. 1: New York, Academic Press, p. 431-445.
47. Mackenzie, F. T., and Garrels, R. M., 1966a, Chemical mass balance between rivers and oceans: American Journal of Science, v. 264, p. 507-525.
48. Mackenzie, F. T., and Garrels, R. M., 1966b, Silica-bicarbonate balance in the ocean and early diagenesis: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 36, p. 1075-1084.
49. Mackenzie, F. T., and Lerman, A., 2006, Carbon in the Geobiosphere - Earth's Outer Shell: Berlin, Springer, 325 p.
50. Mackenzie, F. T., and Morse, J. W., 1992, Sedimentary carbonates through Phanerozoic time: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 56, p. 3281-3295.
51. Mackenzie, F. T., and Pigott, J. D., 1981, Tectonic controls of Phanerozoic sedimentary rock cycling: Journal of the Geological Society, v. 138, p. 183-196.
52. Mackenzie, F. T., Ristvet, B. L., Thorsetenson, D. C., Lerman, A., and Leeper, R. H., 1981, Reverse weathering and chemical mass balance in a coastal environment, in Marten, J. M., Burton, J. D., and Eisma, D., editors, River Inputs to Ocean systems: Switzerland, UNEP and UNESCO, p. 152-187.
53. Martin, R. E., 1996, Secular increase in nutrient levels through the Phanerozoic: Implications for productivity, biomass, and diversity of the marine biosphere: Palaios, v. 11, p. 209-219.
54. Martin, W. R., and Sayles, F. L., 1994, Seafloor diagenetic fluxes: Material Fluxes on the Surface of the Earth, Board on Earth Sciences and Resources Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources: National Resource Council, National Academy Press, p. 143-163.
55. Meybeck, M., 1979, Pathways of major elements from land to ocean through river: Rome, Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Review and Workshop on River Inputs to Ocean Systems, p. 18-30.
56. Michalopoulos, P., and Aller, R. C., 1995, Rapid clay mineral formation in Amazon delta sediments: reverse weathering and oceanic elemental cycles: Science, v. 270, p. 614-617.
57. Mottl, M. J., and Holland, H. D., 1978, Chemical exchange during hydrothermal alteration of basalt by seawater - I. Experimental results for major and minor components of seawater: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 42, p. 1103-1115.
58. Pearson, P. N., and Palmer, M. R., 2000, Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations over the past 60 million years: Nature, v. 406, p. 695-699.
59. Pitzer, K. S., 1973, Thermodynamics of electrolytes - I. Theoretical basis and general equations: Journal of Physical Chemistry, v. 77, p. 268-277.
60. Retallack, G. J., 2001, A 300-million-year record of atmospheric carbon dioxide from fossil plant cuticles: Nature, v. 411, p. 287-290.
61. Ronov, A. B., 1982, The Earth's Sedimentary Shell: Quantitative patterns of its structure, compositions, and evolution: The 20th Vernadskiy Lecture v. I, in Yaroshevskiy, A. A., editor, The Earth's Sedimentary Shell: Moscow, Nauka, p. 1-80; also, American Geological Institute Reprint Series, v. 5, p. 1-73.
62. Rothman, D. H., 2001, Global biodiversity and the ancient carbon cycle: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 98, p. 4305-4310.
63. Rothman, D. H., 2002, Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels for the last 500 millions years: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 99, p. 4167-4171.
64. Rowley, D., 2002, Rate of plate creation and destruction: 180 Ma to present: GSA Bulletin, v. 114, p. 927-933.
65. Russell, K L., 1970, Geochemistry and halmyrolysis of clay minerals, Rio Ameca, Mexico: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 34, p. 893-907.
66. 2 and climate through Earth history: Goldschmidt Conference Abstracts, p. A688.
67. Shaviv, N. J., and Veizer J., 2003, Celestial driver of Phanerozoic climate?: GSA Today, v. 13, p. 4-10.
68. Smith, S. V., and Hollibaugh, J. T., 1997, Annual cycle and interannual variability of ecosystem metabolism in a temperate climate embayment: Ecological Monographs, v. 67, p. 509-533.
69. Smith, S. V., and Mackenzie, F. T., 1987, The ocean as a net heterotrophic system: Implications from the carbon biogeochemical cycle: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 1, p. 187-198.
70. Stanley, S. M., and Hardie, L. A., 1998, Secular oscillations in the carbonate mineralogy of reef-building and sediment-producing organisms driven by tectonically forced shifts in seawater chemistry: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, and Palaeoecology, v. 144, p. 3-19.
71. Stanley, S. M., and Hardie, L. A., 1999, Hypercalcification: paleontology links plate tectonics and geochemistry to sedimentology: GSA Today, v. 9, p. 2-7.
72. Stoffyn-Egli, P., 1982, Dissolved aluminum in interstitial waters of recent terrigenous marine sediments from the North Atlantic Ocean: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 46, p. 1345-1352.
73. Tyrrell, T., 1999, The relative influence of nitrogen and phosphorus on oceanic primary production: Nature, v. 400, p. 525-531.
74. Tyrrell, T., and Zeebe, R. E., 2004, History of carbonate ion concentration over the last 100 million years: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 68, p. 3521-3530.
75. Van Cappellen, P., and Ingall, E. D., 1996, Redox stabilization of the atmosphere and oceans by phosphorous-limited marine productivity: Science, v. 271, p. 493-496.
76. 2 and global climate during the Phanerozoic eon: Nature, v. 408, p. 698-701.
77. 2 to deep-ocean and shallow-ocean carbonate burial: Nature, v. 337, p. 637-640.
78. Walker, L. J., Wilkinson, B. H., and Ivany, L. C., 2002, Continental drift and Phanerozoic carbonate accumulation in shallow-shelf and deep-marine settings: Journal of Geology, v. 110, p. 75-87.
79. 2 and climate: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 65, p. 3005-3025.
80. Wilkinson, B. H., and Walker, J. C. G., 1989, Phanerozoic cycling of sedimentary carbonate: American Journal of Science, v. 289, p. 525-548.
81. Wollast, R., and Mackenzie, F. T., 1983, The global cycle of silica, in Ashton, S. R., editor, Silicon Geochemistry and Biogeochemistry: New York, Academic Press, p. 39-76.
82. Veizer, J., and Mackenzie, F. T., 2004, Evolution of sedimentary rocks, in Mackenzie, F. T., editor, Sediments, Diagenesis, and Sedimentary Rocks: Oxford, Elsevier-Pergamon, Treatise on Geochemistry, v. 7, p. 369-407.
83. 2 pressures inferred from natural goethites: Nature, v. 355, p. 342-244.
84. Zeebe, R. E., 2001, Seawater pH and isotopic paleotemperatures of Cretaceous oceans: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 170, p. 49-57.