Circumcision and HIV transmission

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

Volumn 20, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 33-38

  Quinn, Thomas C ^a,b,c  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES   (United States)

^b JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

AIDS; Circumcision; Epidemiology; HIV; Prevention; Transmission

Indexed keywords

CIRCUMCISION; CLINICAL TRIAL; CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; KENYA; MUCOSA; PROPHYLAXIS; PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE; REVIEW; SEX RATIO; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE; SOUTH AFRICA; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE; TREATMENT OUTCOME; UGANDA; VIRUS TRANSMISSION;

CIRCUMCISION, MALE; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; MALE;

EID: 33846018595     PISSN: 09517375     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0b013e328012c5bc     Document Type: Review

References (46)

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3. Siegfried N, Muller M, Deeks J, et al. HIV and male circumcision: a systematic review with assessment of the quality of studies. Lancet Infect Dis 2005; 5:165-173. This Cochrane systematic review assessed the evidence of male circumcision in reducing HIV risk in men through heterosexual intercourse. The authors concluded that while most studies show an association between circumcision and prevention of HIV, the results may be limited by confounding factors such as religion and cultural practices.
4. ••] and its policy implications.
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7. Quinn TC. Circumcision and HIV transmission: the cutting edge. In: Program and abstracts of the 13th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections; 5-8 February 2006; Denver, Colorado. Abstract 120.
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16. Weiss HA, Thomas SL, Munabi SK, Hayes RJ. Male circumcision and risk of syphilis, chancroid, and genital herpes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sex Transm Infect 2006; 82:101-109. The first systematic review of male circumcision and ulcerative STIs strongly indicates that circumcised men are at lower risk of chancroid and syphilis with less association in the reduction of HSV-2.
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19. Auvert B, Taljaard D, Lagarde E, et al. Randomized, controlled intervention trial of male circumcision for reduction of HIV infection risk: the ANRS 1265 trial. PLoS Med 2005; 2:e298. The first randomized controlled intervention trial of male circumcision which demonstrated a 60% reduction in HIV incidence among the intervention group compared with the control arm. Even after controlling for behavioral factors and health-seeking behavior, the protection was 61% (95% CI 34-77%).
20. ••], discussing its results and policy implications.
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22. Bailey RC, Moses S, Agot K, et al. A randomized controlled trial of male circumcision to reduce HIV incidence in Kisumu, Kenya: progress to date. In: Program and abstracts of the XVI International AIDS Conference; 13-18 August 2006; Toronto, Canada. Abstract TUAC0201.
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24. Donoval BA, Landay AL, Moses S, et al. HIV-1 target cells in foreskins of African men with varying histories of sexually transmitted infections. Am J Clin Pathol 2006; 125:386-391. This paper provides additional histologic evidence that the densities and positions of HIV target cells in the foreskin of circumcised Kenyan men indicate that the inner mucosal surface of human foreskin contains cells that make it highly susceptible to HIV infection.
25. McCoombe SG, Short RV. Potential HIV-1 target cells in the human penis. AIDS 2006; 20:1491-1495. Histologic study providing a possible anatomical explanation for the epidemiologically observed protective effect of male circumcision. This paper provides the biological plausibility for circumcision and its protective effect. This paper provides three possible mechanisms to explain why circumcision may protect men from HIV acquisition, including the induction of a mucosal immune response in the presence of repeated antigen stimulation.
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33. Atikeler MK, Gecit I, Yuzgec V, Yalcin O. Complications of circumcision performed within and outside the hospital. Int Urol Nephrol 2005; 37:97-99. An important paper that illustrates that if circumcision is performed by unlicensed circumcisers in unsterile conditions, the procedure can lead to life-threatening or late-phase disorders.
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39. ••] and why the DSMB stopped the study early.
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43. Williams BG, Lloyd-Smith JO, Gouws E, et al. The potential impact of male circumcision on HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. PLoS Med 2006; 3:e262. Using the results from the South African randomized controlled trial of circumcision, the authors modeled the impact of expanding male circumcision as a public health intervention. Over the next 10 years in sub-Saharan Africa, male circumcision could avert 2.0 million new HIV infections and 0.3 million deaths.
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46. Kahn JH, Marseille E, Auvert B. Cost-effectiveness of male circumcision in sub-Saharan Africa. In: Program and abstracts of the XVI International AIDS Conference; 13-18 August 2006; Toronto, Canada. Abstract TUAC0204.