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Aluminum anilide has been reported to mediate ethylene insertion into the C7 C-H bond of 2-methylindole at 280-300 °C: (a) Stroh, R.; Hahn, W. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1959, 623, 176-183. Low-yielding Rh-catalyzed carbene insertion into the C7 C-H of a 3-substituted indole has been claimed:
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3242659209
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See
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(b) Regioselectivity of this type, previously ascribed to directed ortho metalation, is now attributed to a complex-induced proximity effect (CIPE). See: Whisler, M. C.; MacNeil, S.; Snieckus, V.; Beak, P. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2004, 43, 2206-2225.
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26844479250
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(b) Boller, T. M.; Murphy, J. M.; Hapke, M.; Ishiyama, T.; Miyaura, N.; Hartwig, J. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 14263-14278.
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24
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33845380653
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note
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3 group, affording the 7-borylated indole in 88% yield. See Supporting Information for details.
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25
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33845389183
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note
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An intriguing alternative to this latter mechanism, involving coordination of the indole N to B in one of the boryl ligands, is not shown.
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26
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33845444913
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note
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GC-MS indicates 20% of a third isomer. It was not obtained sufficiently pure for assignment of regiochemistry to be made.
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27
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23044477413
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Chotana, G. A.; Rak, M. A.; Smith, M. R., III. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 10539-10544.
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Chotana, G.A.1
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28
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33845459458
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note
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A decrease in selectivity for benzofuran versus indole is consistent with replacing the indole NH with a less basic O in a heteroatom chelation mechanism.
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Prieto, M.; Zurita, E.; Rosa, E.; Munoz, L.; Lloyd-Williams, P.; Giralt, E. J. Org. Chem. 2004, 69, 6812-6820.
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