메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 55, Issue 1-2, 2006, Pages 1-11

Wrestling with masculinity: Messages about manhood in the WWE

Author keywords

Masculinity; Popular culture; Professional wrestling

Indexed keywords


EID: 33845453781     PISSN: 03600025     EISSN: 15732762     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11199-006-9055-6     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (36)

References (71)
  • 3
    • 14944340599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender role stereotyping of parents in children's picture books: The invisible father
    • Anderson, D., & Hamilton, M. (2005). Gender role stereotyping of parents in children's picture books: The invisible father. Sex Roles, 52, 145-151.
    • (2005) Sex Roles , vol.52 , pp. 145-151
    • Anderson, D.1    Hamilton, M.2
  • 5
    • 0036109798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fifty million viewers can't be wrong: Professional wrestling, sports-entertainment, and mimesis
    • Atkinson, M. (2002). Fifty million viewers can't be wrong: Professional wrestling, sports-entertainment, and mimesis. Sociology of Sport Journal, 19, 47-66.
    • (2002) Sociology of Sport Journal , vol.19 , pp. 47-66
    • Atkinson, M.1
  • 8
    • 0001081526 scopus 로고
    • The male sex role - And what it's done for us lately
    • R. Brannon & D. David (Eds.). Boston: Addison-Wesley
    • Brannon, R. (1976). The male sex role - and what it's done for us lately. In R. Brannon & D. David (Eds.), The forty-nine percent majority (pp. 10-25). Boston: Addison-Wesley.
    • (1976) The Forty-nine Percent Majority , pp. 10-25
    • Brannon, R.1
  • 10
    • 0002517589 scopus 로고
    • Melancholy gender/refused identification
    • M. Berger, B. Wallis & S. Watson (Eds.). New York: Routledge
    • Butler, J. (1995). Melancholy gender/refused identification. In M. Berger, B. Wallis & S. Watson (Eds.), Constructing masculinity (pp. 21-36). New York: Routledge.
    • (1995) Constructing Masculinity , pp. 21-36
    • Butler, J.1
  • 11
    • 33845414576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wrestling with manhood: Boys, bullying, and battering
    • Butryn, T. M. (2003). Wrestling with manhood: Boys, bullying, and battering. Sport Psychology, 17, 487-489.
    • (2003) Sport Psychology , vol.17 , pp. 487-489
    • Butryn, T.M.1
  • 13
    • 0142215943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two steps forward, one step back: The presence of female characters and gender stereotyping in award-winning picture books between the 1930s and the 1960s
    • Clark, R., Guilmain, J., Saucier, P. K., & Tavarez, J. (2003). Two steps forward, one step back: The presence of female characters and gender stereotyping in award-winning picture books between the 1930s and the 1960s. Sex Roles, 49, 439-449.
    • (2003) Sex Roles , vol.49 , pp. 439-449
    • Clark, R.1    Guilmain, J.2    Saucier, P.K.3    Tavarez, J.4
  • 14
    • 33845386400 scopus 로고
    • Contemporary perspectives on masculinity
    • E. D. Nelson & B. W. Robinson (Eds.). Toronto: Nelson Canada
    • Clatterbaugh, K. (1995). Contemporary perspectives on masculinity. In E. D. Nelson & B. W. Robinson (Eds.), Gender in the 1990s: Images, realities, and issues (pp. 525-533). Toronto: Nelson Canada.
    • (1995) Gender in the 1990s: Images, Realities, and Issues , pp. 525-533
    • Clatterbaugh, K.1
  • 15
    • 84993425768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A night with the narcissist and the nasty boys: Interpreting the World Wrestling Federation
    • Communication Studies 298
    • Communication Studies 298 (2000). A night with the narcissist and the nasty boys: Interpreting the World Wrestling Federation. Qualitative Inquiry, 6, 526-545.
    • (2000) Qualitative Inquiry , vol.6 , pp. 526-545
  • 17
    • 33845449464 scopus 로고
    • Men's men and women's women: How TV commercials portray gender to different audiences
    • R. Kemper (Ed.). San Diego, CA: Capstone
    • Craig, S. (1992). Men's men and women's women: How TV commercials portray gender to different audiences. In R. Kemper (Ed.), Issues and effects of mass communication: Other voices (pp. 89-100). San Diego, CA: Capstone.
    • (1992) Issues and Effects of Mass Communication: Other Voices , pp. 89-100
    • Craig, S.1
  • 18
    • 30844468342 scopus 로고
    • Selling masculinities, selling femininities: Multiple genders and the economics of television
    • Craig, S. (1993). Selling masculinities, selling femininities: Multiple genders and the economics of television. Mid-Atlantic Almanack, 2, 15-27.
    • (1993) Mid-Atlantic Almanack , vol.2 , pp. 15-27
    • Craig, S.1
  • 19
    • 2142703691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning to be little women and little men: The inequitable gender equality of non-sexist children's literature
    • Diekman, A. B., & Murnen, S. K. (2004). Learning to be little women and little men: The inequitable gender equality of non-sexist children's literature. Sex Roles, 50, 373-385.
    • (2004) Sex Roles , vol.50 , pp. 373-385
    • Diekman, A.B.1    Murnen, S.K.2
  • 20
    • 0032369821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An examination of violence and gender role portrayals in video games
    • Dietz, T. L. (1998). An examination of violence and gender role portrayals in video games. Sex Roles, 38, 425-442.
    • (1998) Sex Roles , vol.38 , pp. 425-442
    • Dietz, T.L.1
  • 21
    • 33845467462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The portrayal of gender in the children's program Sesame Street and its effect on the intended audience
    • Ditsworth, D. (2001). The portrayal of gender in the children's program Sesame Street and its effect on the intended audience. New Jersey Journal of Communication, 9, 214-226.
    • (2001) New Jersey Journal of Communication , vol.9 , pp. 214-226
    • Ditsworth, D.1
  • 22
    • 21344483746 scopus 로고
    • What is hegemonic masculinity?
    • Donaldson, D. (1993). What is hegemonic masculinity? Theory and Society, 22, 643-657.
    • (1993) Theory and Society , vol.22 , pp. 643-657
    • Donaldson, D.1
  • 23
    • 85004844217 scopus 로고
    • Television and sex role acquisition 1: Content
    • Durkin, K. (1985). Television and sex role acquisition 1: Content. British Journal of Social Psychology, 24, 101-113.
    • (1985) British Journal of Social Psychology , vol.24 , pp. 101-113
    • Durkin, K.1
  • 24
    • 2942555839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The morality/manhood paradox: Masculinity, sport, and the media
    • J. McKay, M. Messner, & D. Sabo (Eds.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage
    • Dworkin, S. L., & Wachs, F. L. (2000). The morality/manhood paradox: Masculinity, sport, and the media. In J. McKay, M. Messner, & D. Sabo (Eds.), Masculinity, gender relations, and sport (pp. 47-66). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
    • (2000) Masculinity, Gender Relations, and Sport , pp. 47-66
    • Dworkin, S.L.1    Wachs, F.L.2
  • 25
    • 0034134809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No sissy boys here: A content analysis of the representation of masculinity in elementary school reading textbooks
    • Evans, L., & Davies, K. (2000). No sissy boys here: A content analysis of the representation of masculinity in elementary school reading textbooks. Sex Roles, 42, 255-270.
    • (2000) Sex Roles , vol.42 , pp. 255-270
    • Evans, L.1    Davies, K.2
  • 27
    • 0142215934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A content analysis of prime-time commercials: A contextual framework of gender representation
    • Ganahl, D. J., Prinsen, T. J., & Netzley, S. B. (2003). A content analysis of prime-time commercials: A contextual framework of gender representation. Sex Roles, 49, 545-551.
    • (2003) Sex Roles , vol.49 , pp. 545-551
    • Ganahl, D.J.1    Prinsen, T.J.2    Netzley, S.B.3
  • 30
    • 0036392914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When men divulge: Portrayals of men's self-disclosure in prime time situation comedies
    • Good, G. E., Porter, M. J., & Dillon, M. G. (2002). When men divulge: Portrayals of men's self-disclosure in prime time situation comedies. Sex Roles, 46, 419-427.
    • (2002) Sex Roles , vol.46 , pp. 419-427
    • Good, G.E.1    Porter, M.J.2    Dillon, M.G.3
  • 31
    • 0037548974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Masculine gender role stressors and men's health
    • R. Eisler & M. Hersen (Eds.). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Good, G. E., Sherrod, N. B., & Dillon, M. G. (2000). Masculine gender role stressors and men's health. In R. Eisler & M. Hersen (Eds.), Handbook of gender, culture, and health (pp. 63-81). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (2000) Handbook of Gender, Culture, and Health , pp. 63-81
    • Good, G.E.1    Sherrod, N.B.2    Dillon, M.G.3
  • 32
    • 0035385099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender representation in notable children's picture books: 1995-1999
    • Gooden, A. M., & Gooden, M. A. (2001). Gender representation in notable children's picture books: 1995-1999. Sex Roles, 45, 89-101.
    • (2001) Sex Roles , vol.45 , pp. 89-101
    • Gooden, A.M.1    Gooden, M.A.2
  • 33
    • 33845460704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inside RAW revolution: RAW helped turn pro wrestling into a phenomenon that WWE has begun to export around the world
    • February 24
    • Haley, K. (2003, February 24). Inside RAW revolution: RAW helped turn pro wrestling into a phenomenon that WWE has begun to export around the world. Multichannel News, p. 53A.
    • (2003) Multichannel News
    • Haley, K.1
  • 34
    • 0002596174 scopus 로고
    • Redesigning men: Hegemonic masculinity in transition
    • S. Craig (Ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage
    • Hanke, R. (1992). Redesigning men: Hegemonic masculinity in transition. In S. Craig (Ed.), Men, masculinity, and the media (pp. 185-198). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
    • (1992) Men, Masculinity, and the Media , pp. 185-198
    • Hanke, R.1
  • 35
    • 0032361157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The "mock-macho" situation comedy: Hegemonic masculinity and its reiteration
    • Hanke, R. (1998). The "mock-macho" situation comedy: Hegemonic masculinity and its reiteration. Western Journal of Communication, 62, 74-93.
    • (1998) Western Journal of Communication , vol.62 , pp. 74-93
    • Hanke, R.1
  • 36
    • 33845380733 scopus 로고
    • Rape and the masculine mystique
    • E. D. Nelson & B. W. Robinson (Eds.). Toronto: Nelson Canada
    • Hills, S. L. (1995). Rape and the masculine mystique. In E. D. Nelson & B. W. Robinson (Eds.), Gender in the 1990s: Images, realities, and issues (pp. 443-454). Toronto: Nelson Canada.
    • (1995) Gender in the 1990s: Images, Realities, and Issues , pp. 443-454
    • Hills, S.L.1
  • 37
    • 3042821446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender treachery: Homophobia, masculinity, and the threatened identities
    • L. May, R. Strikwerda, & P. D. Hopkins (Eds.). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield
    • Hopkins, P. D. (1996). Gender treachery: Homophobia, masculinity, and the threatened identities. In L. May, R. Strikwerda, & P. D. Hopkins (Eds.), Rethinking masculinity: Philosophical explorations in light of feminism (pp. 95-115). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
    • (1996) Rethinking Masculinity: Philosophical Explorations in Light of Feminism , pp. 95-115
    • Hopkins, P.D.1
  • 39
    • 0011884685 scopus 로고
    • The construction of masculinity and the triad of men's violence
    • M. Kimmel & M. Messner (Eds.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon
    • Kaufman, M. (1995). The construction of masculinity and the triad of men's violence. In M. Kimmel & M. Messner (Eds.), Men's lives (2nd ed.) (pp. 13-25). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
    • (1995) Men's Lives (2nd Ed.) , pp. 13-25
    • Kaufman, M.1
  • 40
    • 84997967442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bad boys and gentlemen: Gendered narrative in televised sport
    • Kennedy, E. (2000). Bad boys and gentlemen: Gendered narrative in televised sport. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 35, 59-73.
    • (2000) International Review for the Sociology of Sport , vol.35 , pp. 59-73
    • Kennedy, E.1
  • 41
    • 84957372946 scopus 로고
    • After fifteen years: The impact of the sociology of masculinity on the masculinity of sociology
    • J. Hearn & D. Morgan (Eds.). London: Unwin Hyman
    • Kimmel, M. (1990). After fifteen years: The impact of the sociology of masculinity on the masculinity of sociology. In J. Hearn & D. Morgan (Eds.), Men, masculinities, and social theory (pp. 93-109). London: Unwin Hyman.
    • (1990) Men, Masculinities, and Social Theory , pp. 93-109
    • Kimmel, M.1
  • 42
    • 27644559064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Masculinity as homophobia: Fear, shame, and silence in the construction of gender identity
    • J. A. Kuypers (Ed.). Halifax, Nova Scotia: Fernwood
    • Kimmel, M. (1999). Masculinity as homophobia: Fear, shame, and silence in the construction of gender identity. In J. A. Kuypers (Ed.), Men and power (pp. 84-103). Halifax, Nova Scotia: Fernwood.
    • (1999) Men and Power , pp. 84-103
    • Kimmel, M.1
  • 43
    • 12444308637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceived characteristics of sports categorized as gender-neutral, feminine, and masculine
    • Koivula, N. (2001). Perceived characteristics of sports categorized as gender-neutral, feminine, and masculine. Journal of Sport Behavior, 24, 377-394.
    • (2001) Journal of Sport Behavior , vol.24 , pp. 377-394
    • Koivula, N.1
  • 44
    • 0040579520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Girls can wrestle too: Gender differences in the consumption of a television wrestling series
    • Lemish, D. (1998). Girls can wrestle too: Gender differences in the consumption of a television wrestling series. Sex Roles, 38, 833-849.
    • (1998) Sex Roles , vol.38 , pp. 833-849
    • Lemish, D.1
  • 48
    • 0542376112 scopus 로고
    • Male identity in the life course of the jock
    • M. Kimmel (Ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage
    • Messner, M. (1987). Male identity in the life course of the jock. In M. Kimmel (Ed.), Changing men (pp. 53-67). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
    • (1987) Changing Men , pp. 53-67
    • Messner, M.1
  • 50
    • 84990317232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The televised sports manhood formula
    • Messner, M. (2000). The televised sports manhood formula. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 24, 380-394.
    • (2000) Journal of Sport and Social Issues , vol.24 , pp. 380-394
    • Messner, M.1
  • 51
    • 47149084985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Boys to men, sports media: Messages about masculinity
    • Retrieved July 15, 2002
    • Messner, M., Hunt, D., & Dunbar, M. (2001). Boys to men, sports media: Messages about masculinity. Children Now. Retrieved July 15, 2002 from http://www.childrennow.org/Media/boystomen/report-sports.html.
    • (2001) Children Now
    • Messner, M.1    Hunt, D.2    Dunbar, M.3
  • 57
    • 0002029341 scopus 로고
    • Football ritual and the social reproduction of masculinity
    • M. A. Messner & D. F. Sabo (Eds.). Chicago: Human Kinetics
    • Sabo, D. F., & Panepinto, J. (1990). Football ritual and the social reproduction of masculinity. In M. A. Messner & D. F. Sabo (Eds.), Sport, men, and the gender order: Critical feminist perspectives (pp. 115-126). Chicago: Human Kinetics.
    • (1990) Sport, Men, and the Gender Order: Critical Feminist Perspectives , pp. 115-126
    • Sabo, D.F.1    Panepinto, J.2
  • 58
    • 0242724026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Men, muscles, and machismo: The relationship between television violence exposure and aggression and hostility in the presence of masculinity
    • Scharrer, E. (2001). Men, muscles, and machismo: The relationship between television violence exposure and aggression and hostility in the presence of masculinity. Media Psychology, 3, 159-188.
    • (2001) Media Psychology , vol.3 , pp. 159-188
    • Scharrer, E.1
  • 59
    • 33845406269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pain and injury are real in professional wrestling
    • Schnirring, L. (2000). Pain and injury are real in professional wrestling. Physician and Sportsmedicine, 28, 15-18.
    • (2000) Physician and Sportsmedicine , vol.28 , pp. 15-18
    • Schnirring, L.1
  • 62
    • 33845403812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Masculinity on display in the squared circle: Constructing masculinity in professional wrestling
    • Soulliere, D. M. (2005). Masculinity on display in the squared circle: Constructing masculinity in professional wrestling.Electronic Journal of Sociology at http://www.sociology.org/content/2005/tierl/soulliere.html.
    • (2005) Electronic Journal of Sociology
    • Soulliere, D.M.1
  • 63
    • 0347140904 scopus 로고
    • Buddies and pals: A history of male friends on prime time television
    • S. Craig (Ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage
    • Spangler, L. C. (1992). Buddies and pals: A history of male friends on prime time television. In S. Craig (Ed.), Men, masculinity, and the media (pp. 93-110). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
    • (1992) Men, Masculinity, and the Media , pp. 93-110
    • Spangler, L.C.1
  • 65
    • 84873010225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (February). Paper presented at the meeting of the Western States Communication Association, Media Studies Division, Coeur d'Aline, Idaho. Retrieved June 21, 2001
    • Stroud, S. R. (2001, February). The ideology of the body-slam: A critical examination of professional wrestling. Paper presented at the meeting of the Western States Communication Association, Media Studies Division, Coeur d'Aline, Idaho. Retrieved June 21, 2001 from http://members.aol.com/stroud76/wrestling. htm.
    • (2001) The Ideology of the Body-slam: A Critical Examination of Professional Wrestling
    • Stroud, S.R.1
  • 66
    • 33845462004 scopus 로고
    • We should reject traditional masculinity
    • C. Thompson (Ed.). New York: Tarcher
    • Thompson, C. (1991). We should reject traditional masculinity. In C. Thompson (Ed.), To he a man: In search of the deep masculine (pp. 4-10). New York: Tarcher.
    • (1991) To He a Man: in Search of the Deep Masculine , pp. 4-10
    • Thompson, C.1
  • 67
    • 0346564125 scopus 로고
    • The accomplishment of masculinities: Men and sports
    • T. Haddad (Ed.). Toronto: Canadian Scholars'
    • Thornton, A. D. (1993). The accomplishment of masculinities: Men and sports. In T. Haddad (Ed.), Men and masculinities (pp. 121-162). Toronto: Canadian Scholars'.
    • (1993) Men and Masculinities , pp. 121-162
    • Thornton, A.D.1
  • 68
    • 0003359849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypermasculinity and prison violence
    • L. H. Bowker (Ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage
    • Toch, H. (1998). Hypermasculinity and prison violence. In L. H. Bowker (Ed.), Masculinities and violence (pp. 168-178). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
    • (1998) Masculinities and Violence , pp. 168-178
    • Toch, H.1
  • 70
    • 0032344574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marketing masculinity: Gender identity and popular magazines
    • Vigorito, A. J., & Curry, T. J. (1998). Marketing masculinity: Gender identity and popular magazines. Sex Roles, 39, 135-152.
    • (1998) Sex Roles , vol.39 , pp. 135-152
    • Vigorito, A.J.1    Curry, T.J.2
  • 71
    • 4344704227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of television on children's gender role socialization
    • Witt, S. D. (2000). The influence of television on children's gender role socialization. Childhood Education, 76, 322-324.
    • (2000) Childhood Education , vol.76 , pp. 322-324
    • Witt, S.D.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.