Biomechanics of ossified tendons in ornithopod dinosaurs

Paleobiology

Volumn 32, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 652-665

  Organ, Chris L ^a,b  

^a MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIOMECHANICS; DINOSAUR; EVOLUTION; FINITE ELEMENT METHOD; FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY; MUSCLE; QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS; TAXONOMY;

DINOSAURIA; ORNITHISCHIA; ORNITHOPODA;

EID: 33845347370     PISSN: 00948373     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1666/05039.1     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Alexander, R. M. 1988. Elastic mechanisms in animal movement. Cambridge University Press, New York.
2. Alexander, R. M., and A. S. Jayes. 1981. Estimates of the bending moments exerted by the lumbar and abdominal muscles of some mammals. Journal of Zoology 194:291-303.
3. Bennett, M. B., and J. A. Stafford. 1988. Tensile properties of calcified and uncalcified avian tendons. Journal of Zoology 214: 343-351.
4. Bennett, M. B., R. F. Ker, N. J. Dimery, and R. M. Alexander. 1986. Mechanical properties of various mammalian tendons. Journal of Zoology, ser. A 209:537-548.
5. Blob, R. W., and A. A. Biewener. 1999. In vivo locomotor strain in the hindlimb bones of Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana: implications for the evolution of limb bone safety factor and non-sprawling limb posture. Journal of Experimental Biology 202:1023-1046.
6. Brown, B. 1916. Corythosaurus casuarius: skeleton, musculature and epidermis. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 35:709-716.
7. Bultynck, P. 1992. An assessment of posture and gait in Iguanodon bernissartensis. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique 63:5-11.
8. Chen, E. J., J. Novakofski, W. K. Jenkins, and W. D. J. O'Brien. 1996. Young's modulus measurements of soft tissues with application to elasticity imaging. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control 43:191-194.
9. Colbert, E. H. 1951. Environment and adaptations of certain dinosaurs. Biology Review 26:265-284.
10. Coombs, W. P. J. 1995. Ankylosaurian tail clubs of middle Campanian to early Maastrichtian age from western North America, with description of a tiny tail club from Alberta and discussion of tail orientation and tail club function. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 32:902-912.
11. Cubo, J., and A. Casinos. 2000. Mechanical properties and chemical composition of avian long bones. European Journal of Morphology 38:112-121.
12. Currey, J. D. 1988. The effect of porosity and mineral content on the Young's modulus of elasticity of compact bone. Journal of Biomechanics 21:131-139.
13. Currey, J. D. 1990. Physical characteristics affecting the tensile failure properties of compact bone. Journal of Biomechanics 23:837-844.
14. Currey, J. D. 1999. The design of mineralized hard tissues for their mechanical functions. Journal of Experimental Biology 202: 3285-3294.
15. Currey, J. D. 2001. Ontogenetic changes in compact bone material properties. Pp. 19, 1-16 in S. C. Cowin, ed. Bone mechanics handbook. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla.
16. Cyron, B. M., and W. C. Hutton. 1978. The fatigue strength of the lumbar neural arch in spondylolysis. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 60B:234-238.
17. Cyron, B. M., W. C. Hutton, and J. D. G. Troup. 1976. Spondylolytic fractures. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 58B:462-466.
18. Dilkes, D. W. 2000. Appendicular myology of the hadrosaurian dinosaur Maiasaura peeblesorum from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) of Montana. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Science 90:87-125.
19. Dollo, L. 1886. Note sur les ligaments ossifies des dinosauriens de Bernissart. Archives de Biologie 7:249-264.
20. Forster, C. A. 1990. The postcranial skeleton of the ornithopod dinosaur Tenontosaurus tilletti. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 10:273-294.
21. Galton, P. M. 1970. The posture of hadrosaurian dinosaurs. Journal of Paleontology 44:464-473.
22. Gatesy, S. M. 1990. Caudofemoral musculature and the evolution of theropod locomotion. Paleobiology 16:170-186.
23. Gatesy, S. M. 1995. Functional evolution of the hindlimb and tail from basal theropods to birds. Pp. 219-234 in J. J. Thomason, ed. Functional morphology in vertebrate paleontology. Cambridge University Press, New York.
24. Gatesy, S. M. 1997. An electromyographic analysis of hindlimb function in Alligator during terrestrial locomotion. Journal of Morphology 234:197-212.
25. Gatesy, S. M., and K. P. Dial. 1996. Locomotor modules and the evolution of avian flight. Evolution 50:331-340.
26. Guo, X. E. 2001. Mechanical properties of cortical and cancellous bone tissue. Pp. 10, 1-19 in S. C. Cowin, ed. Bone mechanics handbook. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla.
27. Integrated Engineering Software. 2000. Visual Analysis 4. 0. Bozeman, Mont.
28. Ladd, A. J., J. H. Kinney, D. L. Haupt, and S. A. Goldstein. 1998. Finite-element modeling of trabecular bone: comparison with mechanical testing and determination of tissue modulus. Journal of Orthopedic Research 16:622-628.
29. Lull, R. S., and N. E. Wright. 1942. Hadrosaurian dinosaurs of North America. Geological Society of America Special Paper 40:242.
30. Martin, R. B., D. B. Burr, and N. A. Sharkey. 1998. Skeletal tissue mechanics. Springer, New York.
31. Nigg, B. M., and W. Herzog. 1999. Biomechanics of the musculoskeletal system. Wiley, Chichester, U.K.
32. Nishi, S. 1938. Muskeln des Rumpfes. Pp. 351-446 in L. Bolk, E. Göppert, E. Kallius, and W. Lubosch, eds. Handbuch der vergleichebnden Anatomie der Wirbeltiere, Bd. 5. Urban und Scwarzenberg, Berlin.
33. Norman, D. B. 1980. On the ornithischian dinosaur Iguanodon bernissartensis from the lower Cretaceous of Bernissart (Belgium). L'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique Memoire 178:1-103.
34. Norman, D. B. 1985. The illustrated encyclopedia of dinosaurs. Salamander Books, London.
35. Norman, D. B. 1986. On the anatomy of Iguanodon atherfieldensis (Ornithischia: Ornithopoda). Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre 56:281-372.
36. Organ, C. L. 2006. Thoracic epaxial muscles in living archosaurs and ornithopod dinosaurs. The Anatomical Record, Part A. Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology 288A:782-793.
37. Organ, C. L., and J. Adams. 2005. The histology of ossified tendon in dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25:602-613.
38. Ostrom, J. H. 1964. A reconsideration of the paleoecology of hadrosaurian dinosaurs. American Journal of Science 262: 975-997.
39. Reilly, S. M., and J. A. Elias. 1998. Locomotion in Alligator mississippiensis: kinematic effects of speed and posture and their relevance to the sprawling-to-erect paradigm. Journal of Experimental Biology 201:2559-2574.
40. Rigby, B. J., N. Hirai, J. D. Spikes, and H. Eyring. 1959. The mechanical properties of rat tail tendon. Journal of General Physiology 43:265-283.
41. Rothschild, B. M., and D. Tanke. 1992. Paleopathology of vertebrates: insights to lifestyle and health in the geological record. Geoscience Canada 19:73-82.
42. Roy, M. E., J.-Y. Rho, T. Y. Tsui, N. D. Evans, and G. M. Pharr. 1999. Mechanical and morphological variation of the human lumbar vertebral cortical and trabecular bone. Journal of Biomedical Material Research 44:191-197.
43. Sereno, P. C. 1999. The evolution of dinosaurs. Science 284:2137-2147.
44. Silver, F. H., D. Christiansen, Y. C. Snowhill, and W. J. Landis. 2000. The role of mineral in the storage of elastic energy in turkey tendons. Biomacromolecules 1:180-185.
45. Silver, F. H., J. W. Freeman, J. W. Horvath, and W. J. Landis. 2001. Molecular basis for elastic energy storage in mineralized tendon. Biomacromolecules 2:750-756.
46. Tsuihiji, T. 2005. Homologies of the transversospinalis muscles in the anterior presacral region of Sauria (crown Diapsida). Journal of Morphology 263:151-178.
47. Vallois, H. V. 1922. Les transformations de la musculature de l'épisome chez les vertébrés. Archives de Morphologie Générale et Experimentale 13:1-538.
48. Vanden Berge, J. C., and R. W. Storer. 1995. Intratendinous ossification in birds: a review. Journal of Morphology 226:47-77.
49. Viidik, A. 1966. Biomechanics and functional adaptation of tendons and joint ligaments. Pp. 17-38 in F. G. Evans, ed. Studies on the anatomy and function of bone and joints. Springer, New York.