Pluripotent Stem Cells from Germ Cells

Methods in Enzymology

Volumn 419, Issue , 2006, Pages 400-426

  Kerr, Candace L ^a   Shamblott, Michael J ^a   Gearhart, John D ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; MESSENGER RNA; TELOMERASE;

CELL CULTURE; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL MATURATION; CELL TYPE; CHROMOSOME ANALYSIS; CRYOPRESERVATION; EMBRYO CELL; EMBRYONAL CARCINOMA; EMBRYONIC STEM CELL; ENZYME ACTIVITY; FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION; GERM CELL; GONAD; HUMAN; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; MULTIPOTENT STEM CELL; NONHUMAN; PLURIPOTENT STEM CELL; PRIMORDIAL GERM CELL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REVIEW; SEX DETERMINATION; SPERMATOGONIUM; TESTIS TUMOR;

ANIMALIA; SUIDAE;

EID: 33751426603     PISSN: 00766879     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S0076-6879(06)19016-3     Document Type: Chapter

References (83)

1. Andrews P.W. Teratocarcinomas and human embryology: Pluripotent human EC cell lines [review article]. APMIS 106 (1998) 158-167 ; discussion 167-168
2. Baker T.G., and Franchi L.L. The fine structure of oogonia and oocytes in human ovaries. J. Cell Sci. 2 (1967) 213-224
3. Bendsen E., Byskov A.G., Laursen S.B., Larsen H.P., Andersen C.Y., and Westergaard L.G. Number of germ cells and somatic cells in human fetal testes during the first weeks after sex differentiation. Hum. Reprod. 18 (2003) 13-18
4. Blelloch R.H., Hochedlinger K., Yamada Y., Brennan C., Kim M., Mintz B., Chin L., and Jaenisch R. Nuclear cloning of embryonal carcinoma cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101 (2004) 13985-13990
5. Boiani M., and Scholer H.R. Regulatory networks in embryo-derived pluripotent stem cells. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol. 6 (2005) 872-884
6. Chambers I., Colby D., Robertson M., Nichols J., Lee S., Tweedie S., and Smith A. Functional expression cloning of Nanog, a pluripotency sustaining factor in embryonic stem cells. Cell 113 (2003) 643-655
7. De Felici M., Dolci S., and Pesce M. Proliferation of mouse primordial germ cells in vitro: A key role for cAMP. Dev. Biol. 157 (1993) 277-280
8. Dolci S., Williams D.E., Ernst M.K., Resnick J.L., Brannan C.I., Lock L.F., Lyman S.D., Boswell H.S., and Donovan P.J. Requirement for mast cell growth factor for primordial germ cell survival in culture. Nature 352 (1991) 809-811
9. Dolci S., Pesce M., and De Felici M. Combined action of stem cell factor, leukemia inhibitory factor, and cAMP on in vitro proliferation of mouse primordial germ cells. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 35 (1993) 134-139
10. Donovan P.J., and de Miguel M.P. Turning germ cells into stem cells. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 13 (2003) 463-471
11. Donovan P.J., and Gearhart J. The end of the beginning for pluripotent stem cells. Nature 414 (2001) 92-97
12. Donovan P.J., Stott D., Cairns L.A., Heasman J., and Wylie C.C. Migratory and postmigratory mouse primordial germ cells behave differently in culture. Cell 44 (1986) 831-838
13. Durcova-Hills G., Ainscough J., and McLaren A. Pluripotential stem cells derived from migrating primordial germ cells. Differentiation 68 (2001) 220-226
14. Evans M.J., and Kaufman M.H. Establishment in culture of pluripotential cells from mouse embryos. Nature 292 (1981) 154-156
15. Falin L.I. The development of genital glands and the origin of germ cells in human embryogenesis. Acta Anat. (Basel) 72 (1969) 195-232
16. Francavilla S., and Zamboni L. Differentiation of mouse ectopic germinal cells in intra- and perigonadal locations. J. Exp. Zool. 233 (1985) 101-109
17. Francavilla S., Cordeschi G., Properzi G., Concordia N., Cappa F., and Pozzi V. Ultrastructure of fetal human gonad before sexual differentiation and during early testicular and ovarian development. J. Submicrosc. Cytol. Pathol. 22 (1990) 389-400
18. Frimberger D., Morales N., Shamblott M., Gearhart J.D., Gearhart J.P., and Lakshmanan Y. Human embryoid body-derived stem cells in bladder regeneration using rodent model. Urology 65 (2005) 827-832
19. 1 inhibits proliferation and has a chemotropic effect on mouse primordial germ cells in culture. Development 113 (1991) 1451-1457
20. Gondos B., and Hobel C.J. Ultrastructure of germ cell development in the human fetal testis. Z. Zellforsch Mikrosk Anat. 119 (1971) 1-20
21. Gondos B., Westergaard L., and Byskov A.G. Initiation of oogenesis in the human fetal ovary: Ultrastructural and squash preparation study. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 155 (1986) 189-195
22. Goto T., Adjaye J., Rodeck C.H., and Monk M. Identification of genes expressed in human primordial germ cells at the time of entry of the female germ line into meiosis. Mol. Hum. Reprod. 5 (1999) 851-860
23. Hart A.H., Hartley L., Ibrahim M., and Robb L. Identification, cloning and expression analysis of the pluripotency promoting Nanog genes in mouse and human. Dev. Dyn. 230 (2004) 187-198
24. Hatano S.Y., Tada M., Kimura H., Yamaguchi S., Kono T., Nakano T., Suemori H., Nakatsuji N., and Tada T. Pluripotential competence of cells associated with Nanog activity. Mech. Dev. 122 (2005) 67-79
25. Heyn R., Makabe S., and Motta P.M. Ultrastructural dynamics of human testicular cords from 6 to 16 weeks of embryonic development: Study by transmission and high resolution scanning electron microscopy. Ital. J. Anat. Embryol. 103 (1998) 17-29
26. Kanatsu-Shinohara M., Inoue K., Lee J., Yoshimoto M., Ogonuki N., Miki H., Baba S., Kato T., Kazuki Y., Toyokuni S., Toyoshima M., Niwa O., Oshimura M., Heike T., Nakahata T., Ishino F., Ogura A., and Shinohara T. Generation of pluripotent stem cells from neonatal mouse testis. Cell 119 (2004) 1001-1012
27. Kanatsu-Shinohara M., Miki H., Inoue K., Ogonuki N., Toyokuni S., Ogura A., and Shinohara T. Long-term culture of mouse male germline stem cells under serum- or feeder-free conditions. Biol. Reprod. 72 (2005) 985-991
28. Kehler J., Tolkunova E., Koschorz B., Pesce M., Gentile L., Boiani M., Lomeli H., Nagy A., McLaughlin K.J., Scholer H.R., and Tomilin A. Oct4 is required for primordial germ cell survival. EMBO Rep. 5 (2004) 1078-1083
29. Kerr D.A., Llado J., Shamblott M.J., Maragakis N.J., Irani D.N., Crawford T.O., Krishnan C., Dike S., Gearhart J.D., and Rothstein J.D. Human embryonic germ cell derivatives facilitate motor recovery of rats with diffuse motor neuron injury. J. Neurosci. 23 (2003) 5131-5140
30. Kuroda T., Tada M., Kubota H., Kimura H., Hatano S.Y., Suemori H., Nakatsuji N., and Tada T. Octamer and Sox elements are required for transcriptional cis regulation of Nanog gene expression. Mol. Cell. Biol. 25 (2005) 2475-2485
31. Labosky P.A., Barlow D.P., and Hogan B.L. Embryonic germ cell lines and their derivation from mouse primordial germ cells. Ciba Found. Symp. 182 (1994) 157-168 ; discussion 168-178
32. Lawson K.A., and Hage W.J. Clonal analysis of the origin of primordial germ cells in the mouse. Ciba Found. Symp. 182 (1994) 68-84 ; discussion 84-91
33. Lee C.K., and Piedrahita J.A. Effects of growth factors and feeder cells on porcine primordial germ cells in vitro. Cloning 2 (2000) 197-205
34. Liu S., Liu H., Pan Y., Tang S., Xiong J., Hui N., Wang S., Qi Z., and Li L. Human embryonic germ cells isolation from early stages of post-implantation embryos. Cell Tissue Res. 318 (2004) 525-531
35. Makabe S., Naguro T., and Motta P.M. A new approach to the study of ovarian follicles by scanning electron microscopy and ODO maceration. Arch. Histol. Cytol. 55 Suppl. (1992) 183-190
36. Martin G.R. Isolation of a pluripotent cell line from early mouse embryos cultured in media conditioned by teratocarcinoma stem cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78 (1981) 7634-7638
37. Matsui Y., Toksoz D., Nishikawa S., Nishikawa S., Williams D., Zsebo K., and Hogan B.L. Effect of Steel factor and leukaemia inhibitory factor on murine primordial germ cells in culture. Nature 353 (1991) 750-752
38. Matsui Y., Zsebo K., and Hogan B.L. Derivation of pluripotential embryonic stem cells from murine primordial germ cells in culture. Cell 70 (1992) 841-847
39. McKay D.G., Hertig A.T., Adams E.C., and Danziger S. Histochemical observations on the germ cells of human embryos. Anat. Rec. 117 (1953) 201-219
40. McLaren A. Primordial germ cells in the mouse. Dev. Biol. 262 (2003) 1-15
41. McLaren A., and Durcova-Hills G. Germ cells and pluripotent stem cells in the mouse. Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 13 (2001) 661-664
42. Mintz B., and Russell E.S. Gene-induced embryological modifications of primordial germ cells in the mouse. J. Exp. Zool. 134 (1957) 207-237
43. Mitsui K., Tokuzawa Y., Itoh H., Segawa K., Murakami M., Takahashi K., Maruyama M., Maeda M., and Yamanaka S. The homeoprotein Nanog is required for maintenance of pluripotency in mouse epiblast and ES cells. Cell 113 (2003) 631-642
44. Motta P.M., Makabe S., and Nottola S.A. The ultrastructure of human reproduction. I. The natural history of the female germ cell: Origin, migration and differentiation inside the developing ovary. Hum. Reprod. Update 3 (1997) 281-295
45. Mueller D., Shamblott M.J., Fox H.E., Gearhart J.D., and Martin L.J. Transplanted human embryonic germ cell-derived neural stem cells replace neurons and oligodendrocytes in the forebrain of neonatal mice with excitotoxic brain damage. J. Neurosci. Res. 82 (2005) 592-608
46. Mueller S., Prelle K., Rieger N., Petznek H., Lassnig C., Luksch U., Aigner B., Baetscher M., Wolf E., Mueller M., and Brem G. Chimeric pigs following blastocyst injection of transgenic porcine primordial germ cells. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 54 (1999) 244-254
47. Nichols J., Zevnik B., Anastassiadis K., Niwa H., Klewe-Nebenius D., Chambers I., Scholer H., and Smith A. Formation of pluripotent stem cells in the mammalian embryo depends on the POU transcription factor Oct4. Cell 95 (1998) 379-391
48. Niwa H., Burdon T., Chambers I., and Smith A. Self-renewal of pluripotent embryonic stem cells is mediated via activation of STAT3. Genes Dev. 12 (1998) 2048-2060
49. Ohno S., Klinger H.P., and Atkin N.B. Human oogenesis. Cytogenetics 1 (1962) 42-51
50. Ozdzenski W. Observations on the origin of primordial germ cells in the mouse. Zool. Polon. 17 (1967) 367-379
51. Park J.H., Kim S.J., Lee J.B., Song J.M., Kim C.G., Roh II S., and Yoon H.S. Establishment of a human embryonic germ cell line and comparison with mouse and human embryonic stem cells. Mol. Cells 17 (2004) 309-315
52. Park T.S., and Han J.Y. Derivation and characterization of pluripotent embryonic germ cells in chicken. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 56 (2000) 475-482
53. Pesce M., and Scholer H.R. Oct-4: Control of totipotency and germline determination. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 55 (2000) 452-457
54. Pesce M., and Scholer H.R. Oct-4: Gatekeeper in the beginnings of mammalian development. Stem Cells 19 (2001) 271-278
55. Pesce M., Wang X., Wolgemuth D.J., and Scholer H. Differential expression of the Oct-4 transcription factor during mouse germ cell differentiation. Mech. Dev. 71 (1998) 89-98
56. Piedrahita J.A., Moore K., Oetama B., Lee C.K., Scales N., Ramsoondar J., Bazer F.W., and Ott T. Generation of transgenic porcine chimeras using primordial germ cell-derived colonies. Biol. Reprod. 58 (1998) 1321-1329
57. Pinkerton J.H., McKay K.D., Adams E.C., and Hertig A.T. Development of the human ovary: A study using histochemical technics. Obstet. Gynecol. 18 (1961) 152-181
58. Rabinovici J., and Jaffe R.B. Development and regulation of growth and differentiated function in human and subhuman primate fetal gonads. Endocr. Rev. 11 (1990) 532-557
59. Resnick J.L., Bixler L.S., Cheng L., and Donovan P.J. Long-term proliferation of mouse primordial germ cells in culture. Nature 359 (1992) 550-551
60. Scholer H.R., Ruppert S., Suzuki N., Chowdhury K., and Gruss P. New type of POU domain in germ line-specific protein Oct-4. Nature 344 (1990) 435-439
61. Shamblott M.J., Axelman J., Wang S., Bugg E.M., Littlefield J.W., Donovan P.J., Blumenthal P.D., Huggins G.R., and Gearhart J.D. Derivation of pluripotent stem cells from cultured human primordial germ cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95 (1998) 13726-13731
62. Shamblott M.J., Axelman J., Littlefield J.W., Blumenthal P.D., Huggins G.R., Cui Y., Cheng L., and Gearhart J.D. Human embryonic germ cell derivatives express a broad range of developmentally distinct markers and proliferate extensively in vitro. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98 (2001) 113-118
63. Shamblott M.J., Kerr C.L., Axelman J., Littlefield Jl.W., Clark G.O., Patterson E.S., Addis R.C., Kraszewski J.L., Ket K.C., and Gearhart J.D. Derivation and differentiation of human embryonic germ cells. In: Lanza R., Hogan B., Melton D., Pedersen R., Thomson J., and West M. (Eds). "Handbook of Stem Cells" Vol. 1 (2004), Elsevier Academic Press, New York 459-469
64. Shim H., Gutierrez-Adan A., Chen L.R., BonDurant R.H., Behboodi E., and Anderson G.B. Isolation of pluripotent stem cells from cultured porcine primordial germ cells. Biol. Reprod. 57 (1997) 1089-1095
65. Skrzypczak J., Pisarski T., Biczysko W., and Kedzia H. Evaluation of germ cell development in gonads of human fetuses and newborns. Folia Histochem. Cytochem. (Krakow) 19 (1981) 17-24
66. Smith A.G. Embryo-derived stem cells: Of mice and men. Annu. Rev. Cell. Dev. Biol. 17 (2001) 435-462
67. Smith A.G., Heath J.K., Donaldson D.D., Wong G.G., Moreau J., Stahl M., and Rogers D. Inhibition of pluripotential embryonic stem cell differentiation by purified polypeptides. Nature 336 (1988) 688-690
68. Stevens L.C. Development of resistance to teratocarcinogenesis by primordial germ cells in mice. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 37 (1966) 859-867
69. Stevens L.C. Origin of testicular teratomas from primordial germ cells in mice. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 38 (1967) 549-552
70. Stewart C.L., Gadi I., and Bhatt H. Stem cells from primordial germ cells can reenter the germ line. Dev. Biol. 161 (1994) 626-628
71. Sun E.L., and Gondos B. Squash preparation studies of germ cells in human fetal testes. J. Androl. 5 (1984) 334-338
72. Takagi Y., Talbot N.C., Rexroad Jr. C.E., and Pursel V.G. Identification of pig primordial germ cells by immunocytochemistry and lectin binding. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 46 (1997) 567-580
73. Tam P.P., and Snow M.H. Proliferation and migration of primordial germ cells during compensatory growth in mouse embryos. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 64 (1981) 133-147
74. Tsung H.C., Du Z.W., Rui R., Li X.L., Bao L.P., Wu J., Bao S.M., and Yao Z. The culture and establishment of embryonic germ (EG) cell lines from Chinese mini swine. Cell Res. 13 (2003) 195-202
75. Turnpenny L., Brickwood S., Spalluto C.M., Piper K., Cameron I.T., Wilson D.I., and Hanley N.A. Derivation of human embryonic germ cells: An alternative source of pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells 21 (2003) 598-609
76. Turnpenny L., Cameron I.T., Spalluto C.M., Hanley K.P., Wilson D.I., and Hanley N.A. Human embryonic germ cells for future neuronal replacement therapy. Brain Res. Bull. 68 (2005) 76-82
77. Turnpenny L., Spalluto C.M., Perrett R.M., O'Shea M., Piper Hanley K., Cameron I.T., Wilson D.I., and Hanley N.A. Evaluating human embryonic germ cells: Concord and conflict as pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells 24 (2005) 212-220
78. Upadhyay S., and Zamboni L. Ectopic germ cells: Natural model for the study of germ cell sexual differentiation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79 (1982) 6584-6588
79. Wartenberg H. Development of the early human ovary and role of the mesonephros in the differentiation of the cortex. Anat. Embryol. (Berl) 165 (1982) 253-280
80. Witschi E. Migration of the germ cells of human embryos from the yolk sac to the primitive gonadal folds. "Contributions in Embryology," Vol. 32 (1948), Carnegie Institute, Washington, D.C 67-80
81. Witschi E. Embryology of the ovary. In: Grady H.G., and Smith D.E. (Eds). "The Ovary" (1963), Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, MD
82. Yamaguchi S., Kimura H., Tada M., Nakatsuji N., and Tada T. Nanog expression in mouse germ cell development. Gene Expr. Patterns 5 (2005) 639-646
83. Yeom Y.I., Fuhrmann G., Ovitt C.E., Brehm A., Ohbo K., Gross M., Hubner K., and Scholer H.R. Germline regulatory element of Oct-4 specific for the totipotent cycle of embryonal cells. Development 122 (1996) 881-894