메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 102, Issue 1-5 SPEC. ISS., 2006, Pages 232-240

What do we know about the mechanisms of aromatase inhibitor resistance?

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMALS; AROMATASE; AROMATASE INHIBITORS; BREAST NEOPLASMS; DRUG RESISTANCE, NEOPLASM; HUMANS;

EID: 33751009646     PISSN: 09600760     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2006.09.012     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (59)

References (56)
  • 3
    • 11444251764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Results of the ATAC (arimidex, tamoxifen, alone or in combination) trial after completion of 5 years' adjuvant treatment for breast cancer
    • Howell A., Cuzick J., Baum M., Buzdar A., Dowsett M., Forbes J.F., Hoctin-Boes G., Houghton J., Locker G.Y., and Tobias J.S. Results of the ATAC (arimidex, tamoxifen, alone or in combination) trial after completion of 5 years' adjuvant treatment for breast cancer. Lancet 365 (2005) 60-62
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.365 , pp. 60-62
    • Howell, A.1    Cuzick, J.2    Baum, M.3    Buzdar, A.4    Dowsett, M.5    Forbes, J.F.6    Hoctin-Boes, G.7    Houghton, J.8    Locker, G.Y.9    Tobias, J.S.10
  • 7
    • 33748337552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogen receptor pathway: resistance to endocrine therapy and new therapeutic approaches
    • Moy B., and Goss P.E. Estrogen receptor pathway: resistance to endocrine therapy and new therapeutic approaches. Clin. Cancer Res. 12 (2006) 4790-4793
    • (2006) Clin. Cancer Res. , vol.12 , pp. 4790-4793
    • Moy, B.1    Goss, P.E.2
  • 8
    • 0036488531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocrine-responsive breast cancer and strategies for combating resistance
    • Ali S., and Coombes R.C. Endocrine-responsive breast cancer and strategies for combating resistance. Nat. Rev. Cancer 2 (2002) 101-112
    • (2002) Nat. Rev. Cancer , vol.2 , pp. 101-112
    • Ali, S.1    Coombes, R.C.2
  • 9
    • 0023519279 scopus 로고
    • The importance of local synthesis of estrogen within the breast
    • Miller W.R., and O'Neill J. The importance of local synthesis of estrogen within the breast. Steroids 50 (1987) 537-548
    • (1987) Steroids , vol.50 , pp. 537-548
    • Miller, W.R.1    O'Neill, J.2
  • 10
    • 0023509164 scopus 로고
    • Aromatase activity in normal breast and breast tumor tissues: in vivo and in vitro studies
    • James V.H., McNeill J.M., Lai L.C., Newton C.J., Ghilchik M.W., and Reed M.J. Aromatase activity in normal breast and breast tumor tissues: in vivo and in vitro studies. Steroids 50 (1987) 269-279
    • (1987) Steroids , vol.50 , pp. 269-279
    • James, V.H.1    McNeill, J.M.2    Lai, L.C.3    Newton, C.J.4    Ghilchik, M.W.5    Reed, M.J.6
  • 11
    • 0022642042 scopus 로고
    • Aromatase, 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and intratissular sex hormone concentrations in cancerous and normal glandular breast tissue in postmenopausal women
    • Vermeulen A., Deslypere J.P., Paridaens R., Leclercq G., Roy F., and Heuson J.C. Aromatase, 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and intratissular sex hormone concentrations in cancerous and normal glandular breast tissue in postmenopausal women. Eur. J. Cancer Clin. Oncol. 22 (1986) 515-525
    • (1986) Eur. J. Cancer Clin. Oncol. , vol.22 , pp. 515-525
    • Vermeulen, A.1    Deslypere, J.P.2    Paridaens, R.3    Leclercq, G.4    Roy, F.5    Heuson, J.C.6
  • 12
    • 0026550423 scopus 로고
    • Detection of intratumoral aromatase in breast carcinomas. An immunohistochemical study with clinicopathologic correlation
    • Esteban J.M., Warsi Z., Haniu M., Hall P., Shively J.E., and Chen S. Detection of intratumoral aromatase in breast carcinomas. An immunohistochemical study with clinicopathologic correlation. Am. J. Pathol. 140 (1992) 337-343
    • (1992) Am. J. Pathol. , vol.140 , pp. 337-343
    • Esteban, J.M.1    Warsi, Z.2    Haniu, M.3    Hall, P.4    Shively, J.E.5    Chen, S.6
  • 14
    • 0029941512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of aromatase protein and messenger ribonucleic acid in tumor epithelial cells and evidence of functional significance of locally produced estrogen in human breast cancers
    • Lu Q., Nakmura J., Savinov A., Yue W., Weisz J., Dabbs D.J., Wolz G., and Brodie A. Expression of aromatase protein and messenger ribonucleic acid in tumor epithelial cells and evidence of functional significance of locally produced estrogen in human breast cancers. Endocrinology 137 (1996) 3061-3068
    • (1996) Endocrinology , vol.137 , pp. 3061-3068
    • Lu, Q.1    Nakmura, J.2    Savinov, A.3    Yue, W.4    Weisz, J.5    Dabbs, D.J.6    Wolz, G.7    Brodie, A.8
  • 16
    • 0031120061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aberrant expression of aromatase in breast cancer tissues
    • Harada N. Aberrant expression of aromatase in breast cancer tissues. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 61 (1997) 175-184
    • (1997) J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. , vol.61 , pp. 175-184
    • Harada, N.1
  • 17
    • 0027131199 scopus 로고
    • A link between breast cancer and local estrogen biosynthesis suggested by quantification of breast adipose tissue aromatase cytochrome P450 transcripts using competitive polymerase chain reaction after reverse transcription
    • Bulun S.E., Price T.M., Aitken J., Mahendroo M.S., and Simpson E.R. A link between breast cancer and local estrogen biosynthesis suggested by quantification of breast adipose tissue aromatase cytochrome P450 transcripts using competitive polymerase chain reaction after reverse transcription. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 77 (1993) 1622-1628
    • (1993) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.77 , pp. 1622-1628
    • Bulun, S.E.1    Price, T.M.2    Aitken, J.3    Mahendroo, M.S.4    Simpson, E.R.5
  • 19
    • 17444392808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of an aromatase TTTA repeat polymorphism with circulating estrogen, bone structure, and biochemistry in older women
    • Dick I.M., Devine A., and Prince R.L. Association of an aromatase TTTA repeat polymorphism with circulating estrogen, bone structure, and biochemistry in older women. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 288 (2005) E989-E995
    • (2005) Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.288
    • Dick, I.M.1    Devine, A.2    Prince, R.L.3
  • 23
    • 0038688478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progesterone receptor status significantly improves outcome prediction over estrogen receptor status alone for adjuvant endocrine therapy in two large breast cancer databases
    • Bardou V.J., Arpino G., Elledge R.M., Osborne C.K., and Clark G.M. Progesterone receptor status significantly improves outcome prediction over estrogen receptor status alone for adjuvant endocrine therapy in two large breast cancer databases. J. Clin. Oncol. 21 (2003) 1973-1979
    • (2003) J. Clin. Oncol. , vol.21 , pp. 1973-1979
    • Bardou, V.J.1    Arpino, G.2    Elledge, R.M.3    Osborne, C.K.4    Clark, G.M.5
  • 24
    • 1542354356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of time to recurrence in the ATAC (arimidex, tamoxifen, alone or in combination) trial according to estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status
    • Dowsett M. Analysis of time to recurrence in the ATAC (arimidex, tamoxifen, alone or in combination) trial according to estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 82 (2003) S7
    • (2003) Breast Cancer Res. Treat. , vol.82
    • Dowsett, M.1
  • 25
    • 0037385522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin-like growth factor-I inhibits progesterone receptor expression in breast cancer cells via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway: progesterone receptor as a potential indicator of growth factor activity in breast cancer
    • Cui X., Zhang P., Deng W., Oesterreich S., Lu Y., Mills G.B., and Lee A.V. Insulin-like growth factor-I inhibits progesterone receptor expression in breast cancer cells via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway: progesterone receptor as a potential indicator of growth factor activity in breast cancer. Mol. Endocrinol. 17 (2003) 575-588
    • (2003) Mol. Endocrinol. , vol.17 , pp. 575-588
    • Cui, X.1    Zhang, P.2    Deng, W.3    Oesterreich, S.4    Lu, Y.5    Mills, G.B.6    Lee, A.V.7
  • 26
    • 0035884620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Letrozole is more effective neoadjuvant endocrine therapy than tamoxifen for ErbB-1- and/or ErbB-2-positive, estrogen receptor-positive primary breast cancer: evidence from a phase III randomized trial
    • Ellis M.J., Coop A., Singh B., Mauriac L., Llombert-Cussac A., Janicke F., Miller W.R., Evans D.B., Dugan M., Brady C., Quebe-Fehling E., and Borgs M. Letrozole is more effective neoadjuvant endocrine therapy than tamoxifen for ErbB-1- and/or ErbB-2-positive, estrogen receptor-positive primary breast cancer: evidence from a phase III randomized trial. J. Clin. Oncol. 19 (2001) 3808-3816
    • (2001) J. Clin. Oncol. , vol.19 , pp. 3808-3816
    • Ellis, M.J.1    Coop, A.2    Singh, B.3    Mauriac, L.4    Llombert-Cussac, A.5    Janicke, F.6    Miller, W.R.7    Evans, D.B.8    Dugan, M.9    Brady, C.10    Quebe-Fehling, E.11    Borgs, M.12
  • 27
    • 33750992339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The combination of letrozole and trastuzumab as first or second-line biological therapy produces durable responses in a subset of HER2 positive and ER positive advanced breast cancers
    • Marcom P.K., Isaacs C., Harris L., Wong Z.W., Kommarreddy A., Novielli N., Mann G., Tao Y., and Ellis M.J. The combination of letrozole and trastuzumab as first or second-line biological therapy produces durable responses in a subset of HER2 positive and ER positive advanced breast cancers. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. (2006)
    • (2006) Breast Cancer Res. Treat.
    • Marcom, P.K.1    Isaacs, C.2    Harris, L.3    Wong, Z.W.4    Kommarreddy, A.5    Novielli, N.6    Mann, G.7    Tao, Y.8    Ellis, M.J.9
  • 29
    • 0032799879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of aromatase expression by aminoglutethimide, an aromatase inhibitor that is used to treat breast cancer in postmenopausal women
    • Kao Y.C., Okubo T., Sun X.Z., and Chen S. Induction of aromatase expression by aminoglutethimide, an aromatase inhibitor that is used to treat breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Anticancer Res. 19 (1999) 2049-2056
    • (1999) Anticancer Res. , vol.19 , pp. 2049-2056
    • Kao, Y.C.1    Okubo, T.2    Sun, X.Z.3    Chen, S.4
  • 32
    • 0036702132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular changes associated with the acquisition of oestrogen hypersensitivity in MCF-7 breast cancer cells on long-term oestrogen deprivation
    • Chan C.M., Martin L.A., Johnston S.R., Ali S., and Dowsett M. Molecular changes associated with the acquisition of oestrogen hypersensitivity in MCF-7 breast cancer cells on long-term oestrogen deprivation. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 81 (2002) 333-341
    • (2002) J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. , vol.81 , pp. 333-341
    • Chan, C.M.1    Martin, L.A.2    Johnston, S.R.3    Ali, S.4    Dowsett, M.5
  • 33
    • 0042232592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced estrogen receptor (ER) alpha, ERBB2, and MAPK signal transduction pathways operate during the adaptation of MCF-7 cells to long term estrogen deprivation
    • Martin L.A., Farmer I., Johnston S.R., Ali S., Marshall C., and Dowsett M. Enhanced estrogen receptor (ER) alpha, ERBB2, and MAPK signal transduction pathways operate during the adaptation of MCF-7 cells to long term estrogen deprivation. J. Biol. Chem. 278 (2003) 30458-30468
    • (2003) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.278 , pp. 30458-30468
    • Martin, L.A.1    Farmer, I.2    Johnston, S.R.3    Ali, S.4    Marshall, C.5    Dowsett, M.6
  • 34
    • 11244250660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth factor-driven mechanisms associated with resistance to estrogen deprivation in breast cancer: new opportunities for therapy
    • Nicholson R.I., Staka C., Boyns F., Hutcheson I.R., and Gee J.M. Growth factor-driven mechanisms associated with resistance to estrogen deprivation in breast cancer: new opportunities for therapy. Endocr. Relat. Cancer 11 (2004) 623-641
    • (2004) Endocr. Relat. Cancer , vol.11 , pp. 623-641
    • Nicholson, R.I.1    Staka, C.2    Boyns, F.3    Hutcheson, I.R.4    Gee, J.M.5
  • 35
    • 25844519113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acquired resistance to oestrogen deprivation: role for growth factor signalling kinases/oestrogen receptor cross-talk revealed in new MCF-7X model.
    • Staka C.M., Nicholson R.I., and Gee J.M. Acquired resistance to oestrogen deprivation: role for growth factor signalling kinases/oestrogen receptor cross-talk revealed in new MCF-7X model. Endocr. Relat. Cancer 12 Suppl. 1 (2005) S85-S97
    • (2005) Endocr. Relat. Cancer , vol.12 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Staka, C.M.1    Nicholson, R.I.2    Gee, J.M.3
  • 36
    • 18144387234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of growth factor receptor pathways in human breast cancer cells adapted to long-term estrogen deprivation
    • Sabnis G.J., Jelovac D., Long B., and Brodie A. The role of growth factor receptor pathways in human breast cancer cells adapted to long-term estrogen deprivation. Cancer Res. 65 (2005) 3903-3910
    • (2005) Cancer Res. , vol.65 , pp. 3903-3910
    • Sabnis, G.J.1    Jelovac, D.2    Long, B.3    Brodie, A.4
  • 37
    • 0025089197 scopus 로고
    • Stable expression of human aromatase complementary DNA in mammalian cells: a useful system for aromatase inhibitor screening
    • Zhou D.J., Pompon D., and Chen S.A. Stable expression of human aromatase complementary DNA in mammalian cells: a useful system for aromatase inhibitor screening. Cancer Res. 50 (1990) 6949-6954
    • (1990) Cancer Res. , vol.50 , pp. 6949-6954
    • Zhou, D.J.1    Pompon, D.2    Chen, S.A.3
  • 39
    • 17844398046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular changes in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer: relationship between estrogen receptor, HER-2, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase
    • Gutierrez M.C., Detre S., Johnston S., Mohsin S.K., Shou J., Allred D.C., Schiff R., Osborne C.K., and Dowsett M. Molecular changes in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer: relationship between estrogen receptor, HER-2, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. J. Clin. Oncol. 23 (2005) 2469-2476
    • (2005) J. Clin. Oncol. , vol.23 , pp. 2469-2476
    • Gutierrez, M.C.1    Detre, S.2    Johnston, S.3    Mohsin, S.K.4    Shou, J.5    Allred, D.C.6    Schiff, R.7    Osborne, C.K.8    Dowsett, M.9
  • 41
    • 18844427567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upregulation of PKC-delta contributes to antiestrogen resistance in mammary tumor cells
    • Nabha S.M., Glaros S., Hong M., Lykkesfeldt A.E., Schiff R., Osborne K., and Reddy K.B. Upregulation of PKC-delta contributes to antiestrogen resistance in mammary tumor cells. Oncogene 24 (2005) 3166-3176
    • (2005) Oncogene , vol.24 , pp. 3166-3176
    • Nabha, S.M.1    Glaros, S.2    Hong, M.3    Lykkesfeldt, A.E.4    Schiff, R.5    Osborne, K.6    Reddy, K.B.7
  • 43
    • 2942652871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of tamoxifen resistance: increased estrogen receptor-HER2/neu cross-talk in ER/HER2-positive breast cancer
    • Shou J., Massarweh S., Osborne C.K., Wakeling A.E., Ali S., Weiss H., and Schiff R. Mechanisms of tamoxifen resistance: increased estrogen receptor-HER2/neu cross-talk in ER/HER2-positive breast cancer. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 96 (2004) 926-935
    • (2004) J. Natl. Cancer Inst. , vol.96 , pp. 926-935
    • Shou, J.1    Massarweh, S.2    Osborne, C.K.3    Wakeling, A.E.4    Ali, S.5    Weiss, H.6    Schiff, R.7
  • 44
    • 20644465808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase in xenografts and cells during prolonged treatment with aromatase inhibitor letrozole
    • Jelovac D., Sabnis G., Long B.J., Macedo L., Goloubeva O.G., and Brodie A.M. Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase in xenografts and cells during prolonged treatment with aromatase inhibitor letrozole. Cancer Res. 65 (2005) 5380-5389
    • (2005) Cancer Res. , vol.65 , pp. 5380-5389
    • Jelovac, D.1    Sabnis, G.2    Long, B.J.3    Macedo, L.4    Goloubeva, O.G.5    Brodie, A.M.6
  • 47
    • 33747886393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of androgens on MCF-7 breast cancer cell growth and on the inhibitory effect of letrozole
    • Macedo L.F., Guo Z., Tilghman S.L., Sabnis G.J., Qiu Y., and Brodie A. Role of androgens on MCF-7 breast cancer cell growth and on the inhibitory effect of letrozole. Cancer Res. 66 (2006) 7775-7782
    • (2006) Cancer Res. , vol.66 , pp. 7775-7782
    • Macedo, L.F.1    Guo, Z.2    Tilghman, S.L.3    Sabnis, G.J.4    Qiu, Y.5    Brodie, A.6
  • 48
    • 0031458548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autocrine and paracrine actions of breast tumor aromatase. A three-dimensional cell culture study involving aromatase transfected MCF-7 and T-47D cells
    • Sun X.Z., Zhou D., and Chen S. Autocrine and paracrine actions of breast tumor aromatase. A three-dimensional cell culture study involving aromatase transfected MCF-7 and T-47D cells. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 63 (1997) 29-36
    • (1997) J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. , vol.63 , pp. 29-36
    • Sun, X.Z.1    Zhou, D.2    Chen, S.3
  • 49
    • 0141785350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Profiling of estrogen up- and down-regulated gene expression in human breast cancer cells: insights into gene networks and pathways underlying estrogenic control of proliferation and cell phenotype
    • Frasor J., Danes J.M., Komm B., Chang K.C., Lyttle C.R., and Katzenellenbogen B.S. Profiling of estrogen up- and down-regulated gene expression in human breast cancer cells: insights into gene networks and pathways underlying estrogenic control of proliferation and cell phenotype. Endocrinology 144 (2003) 4562-4574
    • (2003) Endocrinology , vol.144 , pp. 4562-4574
    • Frasor, J.1    Danes, J.M.2    Komm, B.3    Chang, K.C.4    Lyttle, C.R.5    Katzenellenbogen, B.S.6
  • 50
    • 1242338758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective estrogen receptor modulators: discrimination of agonistic versus antagonistic activities by gene expression profiling in breast cancer cells
    • Frasor J., Stossi F., Danes J.M., Komm B., Lyttle C.R., and Katzenellenbogen B.S. Selective estrogen receptor modulators: discrimination of agonistic versus antagonistic activities by gene expression profiling in breast cancer cells. Cancer Res. 64 (2004) 1522-1533
    • (2004) Cancer Res. , vol.64 , pp. 1522-1533
    • Frasor, J.1    Stossi, F.2    Danes, J.M.3    Komm, B.4    Lyttle, C.R.5    Katzenellenbogen, B.S.6
  • 51
    • 17144420079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Letrozole-, anastrozole-, and tamoxifen-responsive genes in MCF-7aro cells: a microarray approach
    • Itoh T., Karlsberg K., Kijima I., Yuan Y.C., Smith D., Ye J., and Chen S. Letrozole-, anastrozole-, and tamoxifen-responsive genes in MCF-7aro cells: a microarray approach. Mol. Cancer Res. 3 (2005) 203-218
    • (2005) Mol. Cancer Res. , vol.3 , pp. 203-218
    • Itoh, T.1    Karlsberg, K.2    Kijima, I.3    Yuan, Y.C.4    Smith, D.5    Ye, J.6    Chen, S.7
  • 52
    • 0016293443 scopus 로고
    • Utilization of oxygen and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate by human placental microsomes during aromatization of androstenedione
    • Thompson Jr. E.A., and Siiteri P.K. Utilization of oxygen and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate by human placental microsomes during aromatization of androstenedione. J. Biol. Chem. 249 (1974) 5364-5372
    • (1974) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.249 , pp. 5364-5372
    • Thompson Jr., E.A.1    Siiteri, P.K.2
  • 53
    • 0036370019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study of estrogen signaling using DNA microarray in human breast cancer
    • Omoto Y., and Hayashi S. A study of estrogen signaling using DNA microarray in human breast cancer. Breast Cancer 9 (2002) 308-311
    • (2002) Breast Cancer , vol.9 , pp. 308-311
    • Omoto, Y.1    Hayashi, S.2
  • 54
    • 4644243456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tamoxifen long-term treatment in vitro alters the apoptotic response of MCF-7 breast cancer cells
    • Treeck O., Zhou R., Diedrich K., and Ortmann O. Tamoxifen long-term treatment in vitro alters the apoptotic response of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Anticancer Drugs 15 (2004) 787-793
    • (2004) Anticancer Drugs , vol.15 , pp. 787-793
    • Treeck, O.1    Zhou, R.2    Diedrich, K.3    Ortmann, O.4
  • 55
    • 13944282670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct gene expression patterns in a tamoxifen-sensitive human mammary carcinoma xenograft and its tamoxifen-resistant subline MaCa 3366/TAM
    • Becker M., Sommer A., Kratzschmar J.R., Seidel H., Pohlenz H.D., and Fichtner I. Distinct gene expression patterns in a tamoxifen-sensitive human mammary carcinoma xenograft and its tamoxifen-resistant subline MaCa 3366/TAM. Mol. Cancer Ther. 4 (2005) 151-168
    • (2005) Mol. Cancer Ther. , vol.4 , pp. 151-168
    • Becker, M.1    Sommer, A.2    Kratzschmar, J.R.3    Seidel, H.4    Pohlenz, H.D.5    Fichtner, I.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.