Cerebrospinal fluid viral loads reach less than 2 copies/ml in HIV-1-infected patients with effective antiretroviral therapy

Antiviral Therapy

Volumn 11, Issue 7, 2006, Pages 833-837

  Yilmaz, Aylin ^a   Svennerholm, Bo ^a   Hagberg, Lars ^a   Gisslén, Magnus ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; VIRUS RNA;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BLOOD SAMPLING; CEREBROSPINAL FLUID; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEMOGRAPHY; DRUG EFFICACY; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; VIRUS DETECTION; VIRUS LOAD; VIRUS REPLICATION;

AGED; ANTI-HIV AGENTS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, HIGHLY ACTIVE; FEMALE; HIV INFECTIONS; HIV-1; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RNA, VIRAL; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 33750937199     PISSN: 13596535     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Portegies P, de Gans J, Lange JM, et al. Declining incidence of AIDS dementia complex after introduction of zidovudine treatment. BMJ 1989; 299:819-821.
2. d'Arminio Monforte A, Cinque P, Mocroft A, et al. Changing incidence of central nervous system diseases in the EuroSIDA cohort. Ann Neurol 2004; 55:320-328.
3. Perelson AS, Essunger P, Cao Y, et al. Decay characteristics of HIV-1-infected compartments during combination therapy. Nature 1997; 387:188-191.
4. Wong JK, Hezareh M, Gunthard HF, et al. Recovery of replication-competent HIV despite prolonged suppression of plasma viremia. Science 1997; 278:1291-1295.
5. Finzi D, Hermankova M, Pierson T, et al. Identification of a reservoir for HIV-1 in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy. Science 1997; 278:1295-1300.
6. Chun TW, Stuyver L, Mizell SB, et al. Presence of an inducible HIV-1 latent reservoir during highly active antiretroviral therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997; 94:13193-13197.
7. Palmer S, Wiegand AP, Maldarelli F, et al. New real-time reverse transcriptase-initiated PCR assay with single-copy sensitivity for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA in plasma. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41:4531-4536.
8. Yerly S, Kaiser L, Perneger TV, et al. Time of initiation of antiretroviral therapy: impact on HIV-1 viraemia. The Swiss HIV Cohort Study. AIDS 2000; 14:243-249.
9. Havlir DV, Bassett R, Levitan D, et al. Prevalence and predictive value of intermittent viremia with combination HIV therapy. JAMA 2001; 286:171-179.
10. Zhang H, Dornadula G, Beumont M, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the semen of men receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. N Engl J Med 1998; 339:1803-1809.
11. Cinque P, Presi S, Bestetti A, et al. Effect of genotypic resistance on the virological response to highly active antiretroviral therapy in cerebrospinal fluid. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2001; 17:377-383.
12. Schacker T, Collier AC, Hughes J, Shea T, Corey L. Clinical and epidemiologic features of primary HIV infection. Ann Intern Med 1996; 125:257-264.
13. Liu Y, Tang XP, McArthur JC, Scott J, Gartner S. Analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp160 sequences from a patient with HIV dementia: evidence for monocyte trafficking into brain. J Neurovirol 2000; 6 Suppl 1:570-81.
14. Albright AV, Soldan SS, Gonzalez-Scarano F. Pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus-induced neurological disease. J Neurovirol 2003; 9:222-227.
15. Takahashi K, Wesselingh SL, Griffin DE, McArthur JC, Johnson RT, Glass JD. Localization of HIV-1 in human brain using polymerase chain reaction/in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. Ann Neurol 1996; 39:705-711.
16. Tang YW, Huong JT, Lloyd RM, Jr., Spearman P, Haas DW. Comparison of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA sequence heterogeneity in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:4637-4639.
17. 1993 revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults. MMWR Morb Mortal Weekly Rep 1992; 41:RR-17.
18. Aleman S, Soderbarg K, Visco-Comandini U, Sitbon G, Sonnerborg A. Drug resistance at low viraemia in HIV-1-infected patients with antiretroviral combination therapy. Aids 2002; 16:1039-1044.
19. Ho DD. Perspectives series: host/pathogen interactions. Dynamics of HIV-1 replication in vivo. J Clin Invest 1997; 99:2565-2567.
20. Gisslén M, Fuchs D, Svennerholm B, Hagberg L. Cerebrospinal fluid viral load, intrathecal immunoactivation, and cerebrospinal fluid monocytic cell count in HIV-1 infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1999; 21:271-276.
21. Gisslén M, Norkrans G, Svennerholm B, Hagberg L. HIV-1 RNA detectable with ultrasensitive quantitative polymerase chain reaction in plasma but not in cerebrospinal fluid during combination treatment with zidovudine, lamivudine and indinavir. AIDS 1998; 12:114-116.
22. Abdulle S, Hagberg L, Svennerholm B, Fuchs D, Gisslén M. Continuing intrathecal immunoactivation despite two years of effective antiretroviral therapy against HIV-1 infection. Aids 2002; 16:2145-2149.
23. Abdulle S, Hagberg L, Gisslén M. Effects of antiretroviral treatment on blood-brain barrier integrity and intrathecal immunoglobulin production in neuroasymptomatic HIV-1-infected patients. HIV Med 2005; 6:164-169.
24. Foudraine NA, Hoetelmans RM, Lange JM, et al. Cerebrospinal-fluid HIV-1 RNA and drug concentrations after treatment with lamivudine plus zidovudine or stavudine. Lancet 1998; 351:1547-1551.
25. Burger DM, Kraaijeveld CL, Meenhorst PL, et al. Penetration of zidovudine into the cerebrospinal fluid of patients infected with HIV. AIDS 1993; 7:1581-1587.
26. Haworth SJ, Christofalo B, Anderson RD, Dunkle LM. A single-dose study to assess the penetration of stavudine into human cerebrospinal fluid in adults. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1998; 17:235-238.
27. McDowell JA, Chittick GE, Ravitch JR, Polk RE, Kerkering TM, Stein DS. Pharmacokinetics of [(14(C] abacavir, a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase inhibitor, administered in a single oral dose to HIV-1-infected adults: a mass balance study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43:2855-2861.
28. Aweeka F, Jayewardene A, Staprans S, et al. Failure to detect nelfinavir in the cerebrospinal fluid of HIV-1-infected patients with and without AIDS dementia complex. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 1999; 20:39-43.
29. Kravcik S, Gallicano K, Roth V, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid HIV RNA and drug levels with combination ritonavir and saquinavir. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1999; 21:371-375.
30. Tashima KT, Caliendo AM, Ahmad M, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) suppression and efavirenz drug concentrations in HIV-1-infected patients receiving combination therapy. J Infect Dis 1999; 180:862-864.
31. Kearney B, Price R, Sheiner L. Estimation of nevirapine exposure within the cerebrospinal fluid using CSF:plasma area under the curve ratios. 6th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. January-February 1999. Chicago, IL, USA. Abstract 406.
32. Yilmaz A, Ståhle L, Hagberg L, Svennerholm B, Fuchs D, Gisslén M. Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma HIV-1 RNA levels and lopinavir concentrations following lopinavir/ritonavir regimen. Scand J Infect Dis 2004; 36:823-828.
33. Antinori A, Perno CF, Giancola ML, et al. Efficacy of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-penetrating antiretroviral drugs against HIV in the neurological compartment: different patterns of phenotypic resistance in CSF and plasma. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 41:1787-1793.
34. Gisolf EH, Enting RH, Jurriaans S, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid HIV-1 RNA during treatment with ritonavir/saquinavir or ritonavir/saquinavir/stavudine. AIDS 2000; 14:1583-1589.
35. Cinque P, Vago L, Ceresa D, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid HIV-1 RNA levels: correlation with HIV encephalitis. Aids 1998; 12:389-394.
36. Brew BJ, Pemberton L, Cunningham P, Law MG. Levels of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA in cerebrospinal fluid correlate with AIDS dementia stage. J Infect Dis 1997; 175:963-966.
37. Ellis RJ, Hsia K, Spector SA, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA levels are elevated in neurocognitively impaired individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center Group. Ann Neurol 1997; 42:679-688.
38. Harrington PR, Haas DW, Ritola K, Swanstrom R. Compartmentalized human immunodeficiency virus type 1 present in cerebrospinal fluid is produced by short-lived cells. J Virol 2005; 79:7959-7966.
39. Cysique LA, Maruff P, Brew BJ. Prevalence and pattern of neuropsychological impairment in human immunodeficiency virus-infected/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients across pre- and post-highly active antiretroviral therapy eras: a combined study of two cohorts. J Neurovirol 2004; 10:350-357.