Recent insights into the mechanisms of antifungal resistance

Current Infectious Disease Reports

Volumn 8, Issue 6, 2006, Pages 449-456

  Barker, Katherine S ^a   Rogers, P David ^a  

^a LE BONHEUR CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

1,3 BETA GLUCAN SYNTHASE; AMPHOTERICIN B; ANIDULAFUNGIN; ANTIFUNGAL AGENT; CASPOFUNGIN; ECHINOCANDIN; FLUCONAZOLE; FLUCYTOSINE; ITRACONAZOLE; KETOCONAZOLE; MICAFUNGIN; MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE PROTEIN 1; NUCLEOTIDE DERIVATIVE; NYSTATIN; POLYENE ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; PYRROLE DERIVATIVE; STEROL; TERBINAFINE;

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY; ARTICLE; CANDIDA; CANDIDA ALBICANS; CANDIDA DUBLINIENSIS; CANDIDA GLABRATA; CANDIDIASIS; CRYPTOCOCCOSIS; DRUG BINDING; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG TARGETING; ENZYME INHIBITION; ENZYME SPECIFICITY; FUNGAL STRAIN; FUNGUS GROWTH; GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENETIC POLYMORPHISM; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; IMMUNE DEFICIENCY; INCIDENCE; MOLECULAR MECHANICS; MYCOSIS; NONHUMAN; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION;

EID: 33750882960     PISSN: 15233847     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11908-006-0019-3     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Young LY, Hull CM, Heitman J: Disruption of ergosterol biosynthesis confers resistance to amphotericin B in Candida lusitaniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003, 47:2717-2724.
2. Kelly SL, Lamb DC, Kelly DE, et al.: Resistance to fluconazole and cross-resistance to amphotericin B in Candida albicans from AIDS patients caused by defective sterol delta5,6-desaturation. FEBS Lett 1997, 400:80-82.
3. Nolte FS, Parkinson T, Falconer DJ, et al.: Isolation and characterization of fluconazole- and amphotericin B-resistant Candida albicans from blood of two patients with leukemia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997, 41:196-199.
4. Sanglard D, Ischer F, Parkinson T, et al.: Candida albicans mutations in the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway and resistance to several antifungal agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003, 47:2404-2412.
5. Barker KS, Crisp S, Wiederhold N, et al.: Genome-wide expression profiling reveals genes associated with amphotericin B and fluconazole resistance in experimentally induced antifungal resistant isolates of Candida albicans. J Antimicrob Chemother 2004, 54:376-385.
6. Vermes A, Guchelaar HJ, Dankert J: Flucytosine: a review of its pharmacology, clinical indications, pharmacokinetics, toxicity and drug interactions. J Antimicrob Chemother 2000, 46:171-179.
7. Hope WW, Tabernero L, Denning DW, Anderson MJ: Molecular mechanisms of primary resistance to flucytosine in Candida albicans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004, 48:4377-4386.
8. Bennett JE: Antimicrobial agents: Antifungal Agents. In Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, edn 10. Edited by Hardman JG and Limbird LE. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2001:1295-1312.
9. Dodgson AR, Dodgson KJ, Pujol C, et al.: Clade-specific flucytosine resistance is due to a single nucleotide change in the FUR1 gene of Candida albicans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004, 48:2223-2227.
10. Chapeland-Leclerc F, Bouchoux J, Goumar A, et al.: Inactivation of the FCY2 gene encoding purine-cytosine permease promotes cross-resistance to flucytosine and fluconazole in Candida lusitaniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005, 49:3101-3108.
11. Lopez-Ribot JL, McAtee RK, Lee LN, et al.: Distinct patterns of gene expression associated with development of fluconazole resistance in serial Candida albicans isolates from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998, 42:2932-2937.
12. White TC, Marr KA, Bowden RA: Clinical, cellular, and molecular factors that contribute to antifungal drug resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev 1998, 11:382-402.
13. Morschhäuser J: The genetic basis of fluconazole resistance development in Candida albicans. Biochim Biophys Acta 2002, 1587:240-248.
14. Ruhnke M, Eigler A, Tennagen I, et al.: Emergence of fluconazole-resistant strains of Candida albicans in patients with recurrent oropharyngeal candidosis and human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Clin Microbiol 1994, 32:2092-2098.
15. Sanglard D, Ischer F, Calabrese D, et al.: The ATP binding cassette transporter gene CgCDR1 from Candida glabrata is involved in the resistance of clinical isolates to azole antifungal agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999, 43:2753-2765.
16. Bennett JE, Izumikawa K, Marr KA: Mechanism of increased fluconazole resistance in Candida glabrata during prophylaxis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004, 48:1773-1777.
17. Redding SW, Kirkpatrick WR, Saville S, et al.: Multiple patterns of resistance to fluconazole in Candida glabrata isolates from a patient with oropharyngeal candidiasis receiving head and neck radiation. J Clin Microbiol 2003, 41:619-622.
18. Hahn RC, Morato Conceicao YT, Santos NL, et al.: Disseminated paracoccidioidomycosis: correlation between clinical and in vitro resistance to ketoconazole and trimethoprim sulphamethoxazole. Mycoses 2003, 46:342-347.
19. Wheat LJ, Connolly P, Smedema M, et al.: Emergence of resistance to fluconazole as a cause of failure during treatment of histoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency disease syndrome. Clin Infect Dis 2001, 33:1910-1913.
20. Dannaoui E, Borel E, Monier MF, et al.: Acquired itraconazole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001, 47:333-340.
21. Akins R: An update on antifungal targets and mechanisms of resistance in Candida albicans. Med Mycol 2005, 43:285-318.
22. Niimi M, Niimi K, Takano Y, et al.: Regulated overexpression of CDR1 in Candida albicans confers multidrug resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother 2004, 54:999-1006.
23. Hiller D, Sanglard D, Morschhäuser J: Overexpression of the MDR1 gene is sufficient to confer increased resistance to toxic compounds in Candida albicans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006, 50:1365-1371.
24. Rogers PD, Barker KS: Genome-wide expression profile analysis reveals coordinately regulated genes associated with stepwise acquisition of azole resistance in Candida albicans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003, 47:1220-1227.
25. Hooshdaran MZ, Barker KS, Hilliard GM, et al.: Proteomic analysis of azole resistance in Candida albicans clinical isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004, 48:2733-2735.
26. Kusch H, Biswas K, Schwanfelder S, et al.: A proteomic approach to understanding the development of multidrug-resistant Candida albicans strains. Mol Genet Genomics 2004, 271:554-565.
27. Wirsching S, Michel S, Kohler G, Morschhäuser J: Activation of the multiple drug resistance gene MDR1 in fluconazole-resistant, clinical Candida albicans strains is caused by mutations in a trans-regulatory factor. J Bacteriol 2000, 182:400-404.
28. de Micheli M, Bille J, Schueller C, Sanglard D: A common drug-responsive element mediates the upregulation of the Candida albicans ABC transporters CDR1 and CDR2, two genes involved in antifungal drug resistance. Mol Microbiol 2002, 43:1197-1214.
29. Coste AT, Karababa M, Ischer F, et al.: TAC1, Transcriptional Activator of CDR genes, is a new transcription factor involved in the regulation of Candida albicans ABC transporters CDR1 and CDR2. Eukaryot Cell 2004, 3:1639-1652.
30. Coste A, Turner V, Ischer F, et al.: A mutation in Tac1p, a transcription factor regulating CDR1 and CDR2, is coupled with loss of heterozygosity at chromosome 5 to mediate antifungal resistance in Candida albicans. Genetics 2006, 172:2139-56.
31. Saidane S, Weber S, De Deken X, et al.: PDR16-mediated azole resistance in Candida albicans. Mol Microbiol 2006, 60:1546-1562.
32. Harry JB, Oliver BG, Song JL, et al.: Drug-induced regulation of the MDR1 promoter in Candida albicans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005, 49:2785-2792.
33. Hiller D, Stahl S, Morschhäuser J: Multiple cis-acting sequences mediate upregulation of the MDR1 efflux pump in a fluconazole-resistant clinical Candida albicans isolate. Antimicrobial Agents Chemother 2006, 50:2300-2308.
34. Agarwal AK, Rogers PD, Baerson SR, et al.: Genome-wide expression profiling of the response to polyene, pyrimidine, azole, and echinocandin antifungal agents in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 2003, 278:34998-35015.
35. MacPherson S, Akache B, Weber S, et al.: Candida albicans zinc cluster protein Upc2p confers resistance to antifungal drugs and is an activator of ergosterol biosynthetic genes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005, 49:1745-1752.
36. Silver PM, Oliver BG, White TC: Role of Candida albicans transcription factor Upc2p in drug resistance and sterol metabolism. Eukaryot Cell 2004, 3:1391-1397.
37. Vermitsky JP, Edlind TD: Azole resistance in Candida glabrata: coordinate upregulation of multidrug transporters and evidence for a Pdr1-like transcription factor. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004, 48:3773-3781.
38. Tsai HF, Krol AA, Sarti KE, Bennett JE: Candida glabrata PDR1, a transcriptional regulator of a pleiotropic drug resistance network, mediates azole resistance in clinical isolates and petite mutants. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006, 50:1384-1392.
39. Vermitsky JP, Earhart KD, Smith WL, et al.: Pdr1 regulates multidrug resistance in Candida glabrata: gene disruption and genome-wide expression studies. Mol Microbiol 2006, 61:704-722.
40. Wirsching S, Moran GP, Sullivan DJ, et al.: MDR1-mediated drug resistance in Candida dubliniensis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001, 45:3416-3421.
41. Pinjon E, Moran GP, Jackson CJ, et al.: Molecular mechanisms of itraconazole resistance in Candida dubliniensis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003, 47:2424-2437.
42. Perea S, Lopez-Ribot JL, Wickes BL, et al.: Molecular mechanisms of fluconazole resistance in Candida dubliniensis isolates from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002, 46:1695-1703.
43. Hernandez S, Lopez-Ribot JL, Najvar LK, et al.: Caspofungin resistance in Candida albicans: correlating clinical outcome with laboratory susceptibility testing of three isogenic isolates serially obtained from a patient with progressive Candida esophagitis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004, 48:1382-1383.
44. Krogh-Madsen M, Arendrup MC, Heslet L, Knudsen JD: Amphotericin B and caspofungin resistance in Candida glabrata isolates recovered from a critically ill patient. Clin Infect Dis 2006, 42:938-944.
45. Park S, Kelly R, Kahn JN, et al.: Specific substitutions in the echinocandin target Fks1p account for reduced susceptibility of rare laboratory and clinical Candida sp. isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005, 49:3264-3273.
46. Schuetzer-Muehlbauer M, Willinger B, Krapf G, et al.: The Candida albicans Cdr2p ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter confers resistance to caspofungin. Mol Microbiol 2003, 48:225-235.
47. Niimi K, Maki K, Ikeda F, et al.: Overexpression of Candida albicans CDR1, CDR2, or MDR1 does not produce significant changes in echinocandin susceptibility. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006, 50:1148-1155.