메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 16, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 1757-1770

The importance of fires and floods on tree ages along mountainous gravel-bed streams

Author keywords

Conifer forests; Fire; Flood; Forest dynamics; Forest management; Gravel bed streams; Headwater streams; Mountain streams; Riparian zone definition; Southwest Alberta, Canada, stream channel bars; Tree establishment

Indexed keywords

FIRE BEHAVIOR; FLOOD DAMAGE; FOREST DYNAMICS; FOREST MANAGEMENT; GRAVEL BED STREAM; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; TREE RING;

EID: 33749561588     PISSN: 10510761     EISSN: 10510761     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[1757:TIOFAF]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (18)

References (77)
  • 1
    • 0000719585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flood disturbance and the distribution of riparian species diversity
    • Bendix, J. 1997. Flood disturbance and the distribution of riparian species diversity. Geographical Review 87:468-484.
    • (1997) Geographical Review , vol.87 , pp. 468-484
    • Bendix, J.1
  • 2
    • 0034351938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrological and geomorphological impacts on riparian plant communities
    • Bendix, J., and C. R. Hupp. 2000. Hydrological and geomorphological impacts on riparian plant communities. Hydrological Processes 14:2977-2990.
    • (2000) Hydrological Processes , vol.14 , pp. 2977-2990
    • Bendix, J.1    Hupp, C.R.2
  • 4
    • 0028984552 scopus 로고
    • Aspects of the geometry of riparian buffer strips and its significance to forestry operations
    • Bren, L. J. 1995. Aspects of the geometry of riparian buffer strips and its significance to forestry operations. Forest Ecology and Management 75:1-10.
    • (1995) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.75 , pp. 1-10
    • Bren, L.J.1
  • 5
    • 0032487533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The geometry of constant buffer-loading design method for humid watersheds
    • Bren, L. J. 1998. The geometry of constant buffer-loading design method for humid watersheds. Forest Ecology and Management 110:113-125.
    • (1998) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.110 , pp. 113-125
    • Bren, L.J.1
  • 7
    • 84979122393 scopus 로고
    • Recession of the Hector and Peyto Glaciers: Further studies in the Drummond Glacier, Red Deer Valley area, Alberta
    • Brunger, A. G., J. G. Nelson, and I. Y. Ashwell. 1967. Recession of the Hector and Peyto Glaciers: further studies in the Drummond Glacier, Red Deer Valley area, Alberta. Canadian Geographer 11:35-48.
    • (1967) Canadian Geographer , vol.11 , pp. 35-48
    • Brunger, A.G.1    Nelson, J.G.2    Ashwell, I.Y.3
  • 8
    • 0036446138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-wildfire seedbeds and tree establishment in the southern mixedwood boreal forest
    • Charron, I., and D. F. Greene. 2002. Post-wildfire seedbeds and tree establishment in the southern mixedwood boreal forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32:1607-1615.
    • (2002) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.32 , pp. 1607-1615
    • Charron, I.1    Greene, D.F.2
  • 9
    • 0000800679 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of fire-produced seedbeds for jack pine regeneration in central Ontario
    • Chrosciewicz, Z. 1974. Evaluation of fire-produced seedbeds for jack pine regeneration in central Ontario. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 4:455-457.
    • (1974) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.4 , pp. 455-457
    • Chrosciewicz, Z.1
  • 10
    • 0020221998 scopus 로고
    • Channel bars in gravel-bed rivers
    • R. D. Hey, J. C. Bathurst, and C. R. Thorne, editors. Wiley Interscience, Chichester, UK
    • Church, M., and D. Jones. 1982. Channel bars in gravel-bed rivers. Pages 291-338 in R. D. Hey, J. C. Bathurst, and C. R. Thorne, editors. Gravel-bed rivers: fluvial processes, engineering, and management. Wiley Interscience, Chichester, UK.
    • (1982) Gravel-bed Rivers: Fluvial Processes, Engineering, and Management , pp. 291-338
    • Church, M.1    Jones, D.2
  • 11
    • 0002151721 scopus 로고
    • Buffer strip management in forest operations: A review
    • Clinnick, P. F. 1985. Buffer strip management in forest operations: a review. Australian Forestry 48:34-35.
    • (1985) Australian Forestry , vol.48 , pp. 34-35
    • Clinnick, P.F.1
  • 12
    • 33749581306 scopus 로고
    • Phase initiale de régénération après feu des polulations conifériennes subarctiques
    • Duchesne, S., and L. Sirois. 1995. Phase initiale de régé nération après feu des polulations conifériennes subarctiques. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 27:1263-1267.
    • (1995) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.27 , pp. 1263-1267
    • Duchesne, S.1    Sirois, L.2
  • 13
    • 0038020129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire and riparian ecosystems in landscapes of the western USA
    • Dwire, K. A., and J. B. Kauffman. 2003. Fire and riparian ecosystems in landscapes of the western USA. Forest Ecology and Management 178:61-74.
    • (2003) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.178 , pp. 61-74
    • Dwire, K.A.1    Kauffman, J.B.2
  • 14
    • 0016445392 scopus 로고
    • Meander irregularity and wavelength estimation
    • Ferguson, R. I. 1975. Meander irregularity and wavelength estimation. Journal of Hydrology 26:315-333.
    • (1975) Journal of Hydrology , vol.26 , pp. 315-333
    • Ferguson, R.I.1
  • 15
    • 0023519875 scopus 로고
    • Hydraulic and sedimentary controls of channel pattern
    • K. S. Richards, editor. Blackwell Press, Oxford, UK
    • Ferguson, R. I. 1987. Hydraulic and sedimentary controls of channel pattern. Pages 128-158 in K. S. Richards, editor. River channels: environment and process. Blackwell Press, Oxford, UK.
    • (1987) River Channels: Environment and Process , pp. 128-158
    • Ferguson, R.I.1
  • 16
    • 0036707225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extreme floods, channel change, and riparian forests along ephemeral streams
    • Friedman, J. M., and V. J. Lee. 2002. Extreme floods, channel change, and riparian forests along ephemeral streams. Ecological Monographs 72:409-425.
    • (2002) Ecological Monographs , vol.72 , pp. 409-425
    • Friedman, J.M.1    Lee, V.J.2
  • 17
    • 0030456036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of vegetation and bed-level fluctuations in the process of channel narrowing
    • Friedman, J. M., W. R. Osterkamp, and W. M. Lewis. 1996. The role of vegetation and bed-level fluctuations in the process of channel narrowing. Geomorphology 14:341-351.
    • (1996) Geomorphology , vol.14 , pp. 341-351
    • Friedman, J.M.1    Osterkamp, W.R.2    Lewis, W.M.3
  • 19
    • 0024219436 scopus 로고
    • Reconstructing fire behaviour and effects in a subalpine forest
    • Fryer, G. I., and E. A. Johnson. 1988. Reconstructing fire behaviour and effects in a subalpine forest. Journal of Applied Ecology 25:1063-1072.
    • (1988) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.25 , pp. 1063-1072
    • Fryer, G.I.1    Johnson, E.A.2
  • 20
    • 0033494636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire induces clonal sprouting of riparian cottonwoods
    • Gom, L. A., and S. B. Rood. 1999. Fire induces clonal sprouting of riparian cottonwoods. Canadian Journal of Botany 77:1604-1616.
    • (1999) Canadian Journal of Botany , vol.77 , pp. 1604-1616
    • Gom, L.A.1    Rood, S.B.2
  • 21
    • 0032986212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire and aquatic ecosystems in forested biomes of North America
    • Gresswell, R. E. 1999. Fire and aquatic ecosystems in forested biomes of North America. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 128:193-221.
    • (1999) Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , vol.128 , pp. 193-221
    • Gresswell, R.E.1
  • 22
    • 0036192322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accurately aging trees and examining their height-growth rates: Implications for interpreting forest dynamics
    • Gutsell, S. L., and E. A. Johnson. 2002. Accurately aging trees and examining their height-growth rates: implications for interpreting forest dynamics. Journal of Ecology 90:153-166.
    • (2002) Journal of Ecology , vol.90 , pp. 153-166
    • Gutsell, S.L.1    Johnson, E.A.2
  • 23
    • 0001252111 scopus 로고
    • Postglacial environments in the Canadian Rocky Mountains
    • Heusser, C. J. 1956. Postglacial environments in the Canadian Rocky Mountains. Ecological Monographs 26:263-302.
    • (1956) Ecological Monographs , vol.26 , pp. 263-302
    • Heusser, C.J.1
  • 24
    • 20344399959 scopus 로고
    • Erosional development of streams and their drainage basins: Hydrophysical approach to quantitative morphology
    • Horton, R. E. 1945. Erosional development of streams and their drainage basins: hydrophysical approach to quantitative morphology. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 56:275-370.
    • (1945) Bulletin of the Geological Society of America , vol.56 , pp. 275-370
    • Horton, R.E.1
  • 25
    • 0020441243 scopus 로고
    • Stream-grade variation and riparian-forest ecology along Passage Creek, Virginia
    • Hupp, C. R. 1982. Stream-grade variation and riparian-forest ecology along Passage Creek, Virginia. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 109:488-499.
    • (1982) Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club , vol.109 , pp. 488-499
    • Hupp, C.R.1
  • 26
    • 0022900831 scopus 로고
    • The headward extent of fluvial landforms and associated vegetation on Massanutten Mountain, Virginia
    • Hupp, C. R. 1986. The headward extent of fluvial landforms and associated vegetation on Massanutten Mountain, Virginia. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 11:545-555.
    • (1986) Earth Surface Processes and Landforms , vol.11 , pp. 545-555
    • Hupp, C.R.1
  • 27
    • 0024228223 scopus 로고
    • Plant ecological aspects of flood geomorphology and paleoflood history
    • V. R. Baker, R. C. Kochel, and P. C. Patton, editors. Wiley Interscience, New York, New York, USA
    • Hupp, C. R. 1988. Plant ecological aspects of flood geomorphology and paleoflood history. Pages 335-356 in V. R. Baker, R. C. Kochel, and P. C. Patton, editors. Flood geomorphology. Wiley Interscience, New York, New York, USA.
    • (1988) Flood Geomorphology , pp. 335-356
    • Hupp, C.R.1
  • 28
    • 0027045784 scopus 로고
    • Riparian vegetation recovery patterns following stream channelization: A geomorphic perspective
    • Hupp, C. R. 1992. Riparian vegetation recovery patterns following stream channelization: a geomorphic perspective. Ecology 73:1209-1226.
    • (1992) Ecology , vol.73 , pp. 1209-1226
    • Hupp, C.R.1
  • 29
    • 0022248896 scopus 로고
    • Bottomland vegetation distribution along Passage Creek, Virginia, in relation to fluvial landforms
    • Hupp, C. R., and W. R. Osterkamp. 1985. Bottomland vegetation distribution along Passage Creek, Virginia, in relation to fluvial landforms. Ecology 66:670-681.
    • (1985) Ecology , vol.66 , pp. 670-681
    • Hupp, C.R.1    Osterkamp, W.R.2
  • 31
    • 0025640316 scopus 로고
    • The influence of man on frequency of fire in the interior wet belt forest, British Columbia
    • Johnson, E. A., G. I. Fryer, and M. J. Heathcott. 1990. The influence of man on frequency of fire in the interior wet belt forest, British Columbia. Journal of Ecology 78:403-412.
    • (1990) Journal of Ecology , vol.78 , pp. 403-412
    • Johnson, E.A.1    Fryer, G.I.2    Heathcott, M.J.3
  • 32
  • 33
    • 0026054206 scopus 로고
    • Climatically induced change in fire frequency in the southern Canadian Rockies
    • Johnson, E. A., and C. P. S. Larsen. 1991. Climatically induced change in fire frequency in the southern Canadian Rockies. Ecology 72:194-201.
    • (1991) Ecology , vol.72 , pp. 194-201
    • Johnson, E.A.1    Larsen, C.P.S.2
  • 34
    • 0031796333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wildfire in the western Canadian boreal forest: Landscape patterns and ecosystem management
    • Johnson, E. A., K. Miyanishi, and J. M. H. Weir. 1998. Wildfire in the western Canadian boreal forest: Landscape patterns and ecosystem management. Journal of Vegetation Science 9:603-610.
    • (1998) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.9 , pp. 603-610
    • Johnson, E.A.1    Miyanishi, K.2    Weir, J.M.H.3
  • 36
    • 0034318588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Riparian forest disturbances by a mountain flood-the influence of floating wood
    • Johnson, S. L., F. J. Swanson, G. E. Grant, and S. M. Wondzell. 2000. Riparian forest disturbances by a mountain flood-the influence of floating wood. Hydrological Processes 14:3031-3050.
    • (2000) Hydrological Processes , vol.14 , pp. 3031-3050
    • Johnson, S.L.1    Swanson, F.J.2    Grant, G.E.3    Wondzell, S.M.4
  • 37
    • 0034351939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tree recruitment and survival in rivers: Influence of hydrological processes
    • Johnson, W. C. 2000. Tree recruitment and survival in rivers: influence of hydrological processes. Hydrological Processes 14:3051-3074.
    • (2000) Hydrological Processes , vol.14 , pp. 3051-3074
    • Johnson, W.C.1
  • 38
    • 0029663892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peak flow responses to clear-cutting and roads in small and large basins, western Cascades, Oregon
    • Jones, J. A., and G. E. Grant. 1996. Peak flow responses to clear-cutting and roads in small and large basins, western Cascades, Oregon. Water Resources Research 32:959-974.
    • (1996) Water Resources Research , vol.32 , pp. 959-974
    • Jones, J.A.1    Grant, G.E.2
  • 42
    • 0004272310 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
    • Malanson, G. P. 1993. Riparian landscapes. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
    • (1993) Riparian Landscapes
    • Malanson, G.P.1
  • 43
    • 0025660470 scopus 로고
    • Changes in forest fire frequency in Kootenay National Park, Canadian Rockies
    • Masters, A. M. 1990. Changes in forest fire frequency in Kootenay National Park, Canadian Rockies. Canadian Journal of Botany 68:1763-1767.
    • (1990) Canadian Journal of Botany , vol.68 , pp. 1763-1767
    • Masters, A.M.1
  • 44
    • 17044452183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distributed assessment of contributing area and riparian buffering along stream networks
    • McGlynn, B. L., and J. Seibert. 2003. Distributed assessment of contributing area and riparian buffering along stream networks. Water Resources Research 39:1082-1088.
    • (2003) Water Resources Research , vol.39 , pp. 1082-1088
    • McGlynn, B.L.1    Seibert, J.2
  • 46
    • 0000024959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Duff consumption
    • E. A. Johnson and K. Miyanishi, editors. Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA
    • Miyanishi, K. 2001. Duff consumption. Pages 437-475 in E. A. Johnson and K. Miyanishi, editors. Forest fires: behavior and ecological effects. Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA.
    • (2001) Forest Fires: Behavior and Ecological Effects , pp. 437-475
    • Miyanishi, K.1
  • 47
    • 0036433874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Process and patterns of duff consumption in the mixedwood boreal forest
    • Miyanishi, K., and E. A. Johnson. 2002. Process and patterns of duff consumption in the mixedwood boreal forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32:1285-1295.
    • (2002) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.32 , pp. 1285-1295
    • Miyanishi, K.1    Johnson, E.A.2
  • 48
    • 0035975975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-fire, rainfall intensity - Peak discharge relations for three mountainous watersheds in the western USA
    • Moody, J. A., and D. A. Martin. 2001. Post-fire, rainfall intensity - peak discharge relations for three mountainous watersheds in the western USA. Hydrological Processes 15: 2981-2993.
    • (2001) Hydrological Processes , vol.15 , pp. 2981-2993
    • Moody, J.A.1    Martin, D.A.2
  • 49
    • 0141563236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progress towards understanding the structure, function, and ecological significance of small stream channels and their riparian zones
    • Moore, R. D., and J. S. Richardson. 2003. Progress towards understanding the structure, function, and ecological significance of small stream channels and their riparian zones. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33:1349-1351.
    • (2003) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.33 , pp. 1349-1351
    • Moore, R.D.1    Richardson, J.S.2
  • 50
    • 0033645453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Riparian ecology and management in the Pacific coastal rain forest
    • Naiman, R. J., R. E. Bilby, and P. A. Bisson. 2000. Riparian ecology and management in the Pacific coastal rain forest. BioScience 50:996-1011.
    • (2000) BioScience , vol.50 , pp. 996-1011
    • Naiman, R.J.1    Bilby, R.E.2    Bisson, P.A.3
  • 51
    • 0000254329 scopus 로고
    • The role of riparian corridors in maintaining regional biodiversity
    • Naiman, R. J., H. Decamps, and M. Pollock. 1993. The role of riparian corridors in maintaining regional biodiversity. Ecological Applications 3:209-212.
    • (1993) Ecological Applications , vol.3 , pp. 209-212
    • Naiman, R.J.1    Decamps, H.2    Pollock, M.3
  • 52
    • 0034316008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disturbance regimes of stream and riparian systems - A disturbance-cascades perspective
    • Nakamura, F., F. J. Swanson, and S. T. Wondzell. 2000. Disturbance regimes of stream and riparian systems - a disturbance-cascades perspective. Hydrological Processes 14:2849-2860.
    • (2000) Hydrological Processes , vol.14 , pp. 2849-2860
    • Nakamura, F.1    Swanson, F.J.2    Wondzell, S.T.3
  • 53
    • 0001134519 scopus 로고
    • Forest succession and sedimentation on a meandering-river floodplain, northeast British Columbia, Canada
    • Nanson, G. C., and H. F. Beach. 1977. Forest succession and sedimentation on a meandering-river floodplain, northeast British Columbia, Canada. Journal of Biogeography 4:229-251.
    • (1977) Journal of Biogeography , vol.4 , pp. 229-251
    • Nanson, G.C.1    Beach, H.F.2
  • 54
    • 0020589867 scopus 로고
    • Channel migration and incision on the Beatton River
    • Nanson, G. C., and E. J. Hickin. 1983. Channel migration and incision on the Beatton River. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 109:327-337.
    • (1983) Journal of Hydraulic Engineering , vol.109 , pp. 327-337
    • Nanson, G.C.1    Hickin, E.J.2
  • 55
    • 84879884566 scopus 로고
    • A statistical examination of bank erosion and channel migration in Western Canada
    • Nanson, G. C., and E. J. Hickin. 1986. A statistical examination of bank erosion and channel migration in Western Canada. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 97:497-504.
    • (1986) Bulletin of the Geological Society of America , vol.97 , pp. 497-504
    • Nanson, G.C.1    Hickin, E.J.2
  • 56
    • 0024251922 scopus 로고
    • Holocene glacier fluctuations in the Canadian Cordillera (Alberta and British Columbia)
    • Osborn, J., and B. H. Luckman. 1988. Holocene glacier fluctuations in the Canadian Cordillera (Alberta and British Columbia). Quaternary Science Reviews 7:115-128.
    • (1988) Quaternary Science Reviews , vol.7 , pp. 115-128
    • Osborn, J.1    Luckman, B.H.2
  • 57
    • 0021640070 scopus 로고
    • Geomorphic and vegetative characteristics along three northern Virginia streams
    • Osterkamp, W. R., and C. R. Hupp. 1984. Geomorphic and vegetative characteristics along three northern Virginia streams. Geological Society of America Bulletin 95:1093-1101.
    • (1984) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.95 , pp. 1093-1101
    • Osterkamp, W.R.1    Hupp, C.R.2
  • 58
    • 84986799911 scopus 로고
    • Changes in the forest floor of Canadian southern boreal forest after disturbance
    • Paré, D., Y. Bergeron, and C. Camiré. 1993. Changes in the forest floor of Canadian southern boreal forest after disturbance. Journal of Vegetation Science 4:811-818.
    • (1993) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.4 , pp. 811-818
    • Paré, D.1    Bergeron, Y.2    Camiré, C.3
  • 59
    • 0032194285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of the effects of logging, forest fires and drought on lakes in northwestern Ontario: A 30-year paleolimnological perspective
    • Paterson, A. M., B. F. Cumming, J. P. Smol, J. M. Blais, and R. L. France. 1998. Assessment of the effects of logging, forest fires and drought on lakes in northwestern Ontario: a 30-year paleolimnological perspective. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 28:1546-1556.
    • (1998) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.28 , pp. 1546-1556
    • Paterson, A.M.1    Cumming, B.F.2    Smol, J.P.3    Blais, J.M.4    France, R.L.5
  • 60
    • 0036958917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A paleolimnological investigation of the effects of forest fire on lake water quality in northwestern Ontario over the past ca. 150 years
    • Paterson, A. M., D. S. Morimoto, B. F. Cumming, J. P. Smol, and J. M. Szeicz. 2002. A paleolimnological investigation of the effects of forest fire on lake water quality in northwestern Ontario over the past ca. 150 years. Canadian Journal of Botany 80:1329-1336.
    • (2002) Canadian Journal of Botany , vol.80 , pp. 1329-1336
    • Paterson, A.M.1    Morimoto, D.S.2    Cumming, B.F.3    Smol, J.P.4    Szeicz, J.M.5
  • 61
    • 0032424572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Réponses du zooplancton lacustre aux feux et aux coupes de forêt dans l'écozone boréale du Québec: Étude préliminaire
    • Pinel-Alloul, B., A. Patoine, R. Carignan, and E. Prepas. 1998. Réponses du zooplancton lacustre aux feux et aux coupes de forêt dans l'écozone boréale du Québec: étude préliminaire. Annales Limnologie 34:401-412.
    • (1998) Annales Limnologie , vol.34 , pp. 401-412
    • Pinel-Alloul, B.1    Patoine, A.2    Carignan, R.3    Prepas, E.4
  • 62
    • 14844300197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical methods for estimating historical fire frequency from multiple fire scar data
    • Reed, W. J., and E. A. Johnson. 2004. Statistical methods for estimating historical fire frequency from multiple fire scar data. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34:2306-2313.
    • (2004) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.34 , pp. 2306-2313
    • Reed, W.J.1    Johnson, E.A.2
  • 63
    • 0031668510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of the temporal variations in historical fire frequency from time-since-fire map data
    • Reed, W. J., C. P. S. Larsen, E. A. Johnson, and G. M. MacDonald. 1998. Estimation of the temporal variations in historical fire frequency from time-since-fire map data. Forest Science 44:465-475.
    • (1998) Forest Science , vol.44 , pp. 465-475
    • Reed, W.J.1    Larsen, C.P.S.2    Johnson, E.A.3    MacDonald, G.M.4
  • 64
    • 0000808401 scopus 로고
    • Sinuosity of alluvial rivers on the Great Plains
    • Schumm, S. A. 1963. Sinuosity of alluvial rivers on the Great Plains. Geological Society of America Bulletin 74:1089-1100.
    • (1963) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.74 , pp. 1089-1100
    • Schumm, S.A.1
  • 66
    • 0030470799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluvial process and the establishment of bottomland trees
    • Scott, M. L., J. M. Friedman, and G. T. Auble. 1996. Fluvial process and the establishment of bottomland trees. Geomorphology 14:327-339.
    • (1996) Geomorphology , vol.14 , pp. 327-339
    • Scott, M.L.1    Friedman, J.M.2    Auble, G.T.3
  • 67
    • 0000768096 scopus 로고
    • Stream length and basin area in topographically random channel networks
    • Shreve, R. L. 1969. Stream length and basin area in topographically random channel networks. Journal of Geology 77:397-414.
    • (1969) Journal of Geology , vol.77 , pp. 397-414
    • Shreve, R.L.1
  • 69
    • 84871400411 scopus 로고
    • Impact of clearcutting and road construction on soil erosion by landslides in the western Cascade Range, Oregon
    • Swanson, F. J., and C. T. Dyrness. 1975. Impact of clearcutting and road construction on soil erosion by landslides in the western Cascade Range, Oregon. Geology 3:393-396.
    • (1975) Geology , vol.3 , pp. 393-396
    • Swanson, F.J.1    Dyrness, C.T.2
  • 70
    • 33749577057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trimble [Trimble Navigation Limited]. Trimble Navigation Limited, Sunnyvale, California, USA
    • Trimble [Trimble Navigation Limited]. 1997. Asset surveyor, version 3.40. Trimble Navigation Limited, Sunnyvale, California, USA.
    • (1997) Asset Surveyor, Version 3.40
  • 71
    • 33749579731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trimble [Trimble Navigation Limited]. Trimble Navigation Limited, Sunnyvale, California, USA
    • Trimble [Trimble Navigation Limited]. 1999. Pathfinder office 2.11 software. Trimble Navigation Limited, Sunnyvale, California, USA.
    • (1999) Pathfinder Office 2.11 Software
  • 72
    • 33749551764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trimble [Trimble Navigation Limited]. Trimble Navigation Limited, Sunnyvale, California, USA
    • Trimble [Trimble Navigation Limited]. 2000. Pathfinder community base station, version 2.68i. Trimble Navigation Limited, Sunnyvale, California, USA.
    • (2000) Pathfinder Community Base Station, Version 2.68i
  • 74
    • 0034478692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire frequency and the spatial age mosaic of the mixed-wood boreal forest in Western Canada
    • Weir, J. M. H., E. A. Johnson, and K. Miyanishi. 2000. Fire frequency and the spatial age mosaic of the mixed-wood boreal forest in Western Canada. Ecological Applications 10: 1162-1177.
    • (2000) Ecological Applications , vol.10 , pp. 1162-1177
    • Weir, J.M.H.1    Johnson, E.A.2    Miyanishi, K.3
  • 75
    • 0034973735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influences of environment and disturbance on forest patterns in coastal Oregon watersheds
    • Wimberly, M. C., and T. A. Spies. 2001. Influences of environment and disturbance on forest patterns in coastal Oregon watersheds. Ecology 82:1443-1459.
    • (2001) Ecology , vol.82 , pp. 1443-1459
    • Wimberly, M.C.1    Spies, T.A.2
  • 76
    • 0037762587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postfire erosional processes in the Pacific Northwest and Rocky Mountain regions
    • Wondzell, S. M., and J. G. King. 2003. Postfire erosional processes in the Pacific Northwest and Rocky Mountain regions. Forest Ecology and Management 178:75-87.
    • (2003) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.178 , pp. 75-87
    • Wondzell, S.M.1    King, J.G.2
  • 77
    • 0020899491 scopus 로고
    • Artificial regeneration of trees and tall shrubs in experimentally burned upland black spruce/feather moss stands in Alaska
    • Zasada, J. C., R. A. Norum, R. M. Van Veldhuizen, and C. E. Teutsch. 1983. Artificial regeneration of trees and tall shrubs in experimentally burned upland black spruce/feather moss stands in Alaska. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 13: 903-913.
    • (1983) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.13 , pp. 903-913
    • Zasada, J.C.1    Norum, R.A.2    Van Veldhuizen, R.M.3    Teutsch, C.E.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.