Assessment of the effects of logging, forest fires and drought on lakes in northwestern Ontario: A 30-year paleolimnological perspective

Canadian Journal of Forest Research

Volumn 28, Issue 10, 1998, Pages 1546-1556

  Paterson, Andrew M ^a   Gumming, Brian F ^a   Smol, John P ^a   Blais, Jules M ^b,d   France, Robert L ^c  

^a QUEEN S UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

^c HARVARD GRADUATE SCHOOL OF DESIGN   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DROUGHT; FIRES; LAKES; LOGGING (FORESTRY);

FOREST FIRE; PALEOLIMNOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE;

ECOSYSTEMS;

FOREST FIRE; LAKE; LOGGING; PALEOLIMNOLOGY;

CANADA; ONTARIO;

EID: 0032194285     PISSN: 00455067     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/x98-138     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Bayley, S.E., Parker, B.R., Stainton, M.P., and Beaty, K.G. 1992a. Effects of forest fire and drought on acidity of base-poor boreal forest stream: similarities between climatic warming and acidic deposition. Biogeochemistry, 17: 191-204.
2. Bayley, S.E., Schindler, D.W., Beaty, K.G., Parker, B.R., and Stainton, M.P. 1992b. Effects of multiple fires on nutrient yields from streams draining boreal forests and fen watersheds: nitrogen and phosphorus. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 49: 584-596.
3. Beaty, K.G. 1994. Sediment transport in a small stream following two successive forest fires. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 51: 2723-2733.
4. 137Cs. J. Paleolimnol. 13: 169-178.
5. 210Pb chronology in lake sediments. Biogeochemistry. In press.
6. Brunskill, G.J., and Schindler, D.W. 1971. Geography and bathymetry of selected lake basins, Experimental Lake Area, northwestern Ontario. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 28: 139-155.
7. Clarke, K.R., and Green, R.H. 1988. Statistical design and analysis for a "biological effects" study. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 46: 213-226.
8. Clarke, K.R., and Warwick, R.M. 1994. Change in marine communities: an approach to statistical analysis and interpretation. Bourne Press Ltd., Bournemouth, U.K.
9. Cumming, B.F., Smol, J.P., Kingston, J.C., Charles, D.F., Birks, H.J.B., Camburn, K.E., Dixit, S.S., Uutala, A.J., and Selle, A.R. 1992. How much acidification has occurred in Adirondack region (New York, U.S.A.) lakes since pre-industrial times? Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 49: 128-141.
10. Cumming, B.F., Wilson S.E., and Smol, J.P. 1993. Paleolimnological potential of chrysophyte cysts and scales, and sponge spicules as indicators of lakewater salinity. Int. J. Salt Lake Res. 2: 87-92.
11. Cumming, B.F., Davey, K.A., Smol, J.P., and Birks, H.J.B. 1994. When did acid-sensitive Adirondack lakes (New York, U.S.A.) begin to acidify and are they still acidifying? Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 51: 1550-1568.
12. Curtis, P.J., and Schindler, D.W. 1997. Hydrologic control of dissolved organic matter in low order Precambrian Shield lakes. Biogeochemistry, 36: 125-138.
13. Dearing, J.A. 1991. Lake sediment records of erosional processes. Hydrobiologia, 214: 99-106.
14. Dixit, S.S., Dixit, A.S., and Smol, J.P. 1990a. Paleolimnological investigation of three manipulated lakes from Sudbury, Canada. Hydrobiologia, 214: 245-252.
15. Dixit, S.S., Smol, J.P., Anderson, D.S., and Davis, R.B. 1990b. Utility of scaled chrysophytes in predicting pH in northern New England lakes. J. Paleolimnol. 3: 269-287.
16. Dixit, A.S., Dixit, S.S., and Smol, J.P. 1992a. Long-term trends in lake water pH and metal concentrations inferred from diatoms and chrysophytes in three lakes near Sudbury, Ontario. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 49: 17-24.
17. Dixit, S.S., Smol, J.P., Kingston, J.C., and Charles, D.F. 1992b. Diatoms: powerful indicators of environmental change. Environ. Sci. Technol. 26: 23-33.
18. Feller, M.C., and Kimmins, J.P. 1984. Effects of clearcutting and slash-burning on streamwater chemistry and watershed nutrient budgets in southwestern British Columbia. Water Resour. Res. 20: 29-40.
19. Flower, R.J., Stevenson, A.C., Dearing, J.A., Foster, I.D.L., Airey, A., Rippey, B., Wilson, J.P.F., and Appleby, P.G. 1989. Catchment disturbance inferred from paleolimnological studies of three contrasted sub-humid environments in Morocco. J. Paleolimnol. 1: 293-321.
20. France, R.L. 1997a. Land-water linkages: influences of riparian deforestation on lake thermocline depth and possible consequences for cold stenotherms. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 54: 1299-1305.
21. France, R.L. 1997b. Potential for soil erosion from decreased litterfall due to riparian clearcutting: implications for boreal forestry and warm- and cool-water fisheries. J. Soil Water Conserv. 52: 76-79.
22. France, R.L., and Peters, R.H. 1995. Predictive model of the effects on lake metabolism of decreased airborne litterfall through riparian deforestation. Conserv. Biol. 9:1578-1586.
23. France, R., Culbert, H., and Peters, R. 1996. Decreased carbon and nutrient input to boreal lakes from particulate organic matter following riparian clear-cutting. Environ. Manage. 20: 529-583.
24. Glew, J.R. 1988. A portable extruding device for close interval sectioning of unconsolidated core samples. J. Paleolimnol. 1: 235-239.
25. Glew, J.R. 1989. A new trigger mechanism for sediment samples. J. Paleolimnol. 2: 241-243.
26. Keenan, R.J., and Kimmins, J.P. 1993. The ecological effects of clear-cutting. Environ. Rev. 1: 121-144.
27. Kling, H.J., and Kristiansen, J. 1983. Scale-hearing Chrysophyceae (Mallomonadaceae) from central and northern Canada. Nord. J. Bot. 3: 269-290.
28. Korhola, A. Virkanen, J., Tikkanen, M., and Blom, T. 1996. Fire-induced pH rise in a naturally acid hill-top lake, southern Finland: a palaeoecological survey. J. Ecol. 84: 257-265.
29. Likens, G.E., and Bormann, F.H. 1974. Linkages between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. BioScience, 24: 447-456.
30. Likens, G.E., and Bormann, F.H. 1979. The role of watershed and airshed in lake metabolism. Arch. Hydrobiol. 13: 195-211.
31. Lott, A., Siver, P.A., Marsicano, L.J., Kodoma, K.P., and Moeller, R.E. 1994. The paleolimnology of a small waterbody in the Pocono Mountains of Pennsylvania, U.S.A.: reconstructing 19th-20th century specific conductivity trends in relation to changing land-use. J. Paleolimnol. 12: 75-86.
32. Marks, P.L., and Bormann, F.H. 1972. Revegetation following forest cutting: mechanisms for return to steady-state nutrient cycling. Science (Washington, D.C.), 176: 914-915.
33. Marsicano, L.J., and Siver, P.A. 1993. A paleolimnological assessment of lake acidification in five Connecticut lakes. J. Paleolimnol. 9: 209-221.
34. McCullough G.K., and Campbell, P. 1993. Lake variation and climate change study: ELA lakes, 1986-1990. II. Watershed geography and lake morphology. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. No. 1898. pp. 1-29.
35. Miller, L.B., McQueen, D.J., and Chapman, L. 1997. Impacts of forest harvesting on lake ecosystems: a preliminary literature review. Wildl. Bull. No. B-84. B.C. Ministry of the Environment, Lands and Park Wildlife Branch, Victoria.
36. Moser, K.A. 1996. A limnological and paleolimnological investigation of lakes in Wood Buffalo National Park, northern Alberta and the Northwest Territories, Canada. Ph.D. thesis, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.,
37. Nicholls, K.H. 1982. Mallamonas species (Chrysophyceae) from Ontario, Canada, including descriptions of two new species. Nova Hedwigia, 36: 89-112.
38. Nicholls, K.H. 1988. Additions to the Mallomonas (Chrysophyceae) flora of Ontario, Canada, and a checklist of North American Mallomonas species. Can. J. Bot. 66: 349-360.
39. Nicholls, K.H., and Gerrath, J.F. 1985. The taxonomy of Synura (Chrysophyceae) in Ontario with special reference to taste and odour in water supplies. Can. J. Bot. 63: 1482-1493.
40. Nicolson, J.A. 1975. Water quality and clearcutting in a boreal forest ecosystem. Can. Hydrol. Symp. Proc. 75: 734-738.
41. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (OMNR). 1994. Coldwater Lakes Experimental Watersheds (CLEW) research update. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Centre for Northern Forest Ecosystem Research, Thunder Bay.
42. Overpeck, J.T., Rind, D., and Goldberg, R. 1990. Climate-induced changes in forest disturbance and vegetation. Nature (London), 343: 51-53.
43. Patric, J.H. 1980. Effects of wood products harvest on forest soils and water relations. J. Environ. Qual. 9: 73-80.
44. Plymouth Marine Laboratory. 1994. User guide to Primer version 3.1b. Bourne Press Limited, Bournemouth, U.K.
45. Rhodes, T.E., and Davis, R.B. 1995. Effects of late Holocene forest disturbance and vegetation change on acidic Mud Pond, Maine, U.S.A. Ecology, 76: 734-746.
46. Schindler, D.W. 1997. Widespread effects of climatic warming on freshwater ecosystems in North America. In Advances in hydrological processes. Freshwater ecosystems and climate change in North America: a regional assessment. Edited by C.E. Cushing. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, U.K. pp. 225-249.
47. Schindler, D.W. 1998. A dim future for boreal waters and landscapes. BioScience, 48: 157-164.
48. Schindler, D.W., Newbury, R.W., Beaty, K.G., Prokopowich, T., and Dalton, J.A. 1980. Effects of windstorm and fire on chemical losses from forested watersheds and on the quality of receiving streams. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 37: 328-334.
49. Schindler, D.W., Bayley, S.E., Curtis, P.J., Parker, B.R., Stainton, M.P., and Kelly, C.A. 1992. Natural and man-caused factors affecting the abundance and cycling of dissolved organic substances in Precambrian Shield lakes. Hydrobiologia, 229: 1-21.
50. Schindler, D.W., Bayley, S.E., Parker, B.R., Beaty, K.G., Cruikshank, D.R., Fee, E.J., Schindler, E.U., and Stainton, M.P. 1996. The effects of climate warming on the properties of boreal lakes and streams at the Experimental Lakes Area, northwestern Ontario. Limnol. Oceanogr. 41: 1004-1017.
51. Schindler, D.W., Curtis, J.P., Bayley, S.E., Parker, B.R., Beaty, K.G., and Stainton, M.P. 1997. Climate-induced changes in dissolved organic carbon budgets of boreal lakes. Biogeochemistry, 36: 9-28.
52. Schlesinger, M.E., and Mitchell, J.F.B. 1987. Climate model simulations of the equilibrium climatic response to increased carbon dioxide. Rev. Geophys. 25: 760-798.
53. Siver, P.A. 1987. The distribution and variation of Synura species (Chrysophyceae) in Connecticut, U.S.A. Nord. J. Bot. 7: 107-116.
54. Siver, P.A. 1991. The biology of Mallomonas: morphology, taxonomy, and ecology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands.
55. Siver, P.A. 1993. Morphological and ecological characteristics of Chrysosphaerella longispina and C. brevispina (Chrysophyceae). Nord. J. Bot. 13: 343-351.
56. Siver, P.A. 1995. The distribution of chrysophytes along environmental gradients: their use as biological indicators. In Chrysophyte algae: ecology, phylogeny and development. Edited by C. D. Sandgren, J.P. Smol. and J. Kristiansen. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K. pp. 232-268.
57. Siver, P.A., and Hamer, J.S. 1992. Seasonal periodicity of Chrysophyceae and Synurophyceae in a small New England lake: implications for paleolimnological research. J. Phycol. 28: 186-198.
58. Smol, J.P. 1980. Fossil synuracean (Chrysophyceae) scales in lake sediments: a new group of paleoindicators. Can. J. Bot. 58: 458-465.
59. Smol, J.P. 1988. Chrysophycean microfossils in paleolimnological studies. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclim. Palaeoecol. 62: 287-297.
60. Smol, J.P. 1992. Paleolimnology: an important tool for effective ecosystem management. J. Ecosyst. Health, 1: 49-58.
61. Smol, J.P. 1995. Application of chrysophytes to problems in paleoecology. In Chrysophyte algae: ecology, phylogeny and development. Edited by C.D. Sandgren, J.P. Smol, and J. Kristiansen. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. pp. 303-329.
62. Smol, J.P., Brown, S.R., and McNeely, R.N. 1983. Cultural disturbances and trophic history of a small meromictic lake from central Canada. Hydrobiologia. 103: 125-130.
63. Smol, J.P., Charles, D.F., and Whitehead, D.R. 1984. Mallomonadacean microfossils provide evidence of recent lake acidification. Nature (London), 307: 628-630.
64. Steedman, R. 1998. Coldwater Lakes Experimental Watersheds mid-project site description and data summary. CLEW. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Thunder Bay, draft report, April 1998.
65. Takahashi, E. 1978. Electron microscopical studies of the Synuraceae (Chrysophyceae) in Japan, taxonomy and ecology. Tokai University Press. Tokyo.
66. Warwick, R.M., and Clarke, K.R. 1993. Increased variability as a symptom of stress in marine communities. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 172: 215-226.
67. Wee, J.L. 1982. Studies on the Synuraceae (Chrysophyceae) of Iowa. Bibl. Phycol, 62: 1-183.
68. Wilson, S.E., Cumming, B.F., and Smol, J.P. 1996. Assessing the reliability of salinity inference models from diatom assemblages: an examination of a 219-lake data set from western North America. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 53: 1580-1594.
69. Wotton, B.M., and Flannigan, M.D. 1993. Length of the fire season in a changing climate. For. Chron. 69: 187-192.
70. Zeeb, B.A., Christie, C.E., Smol, J.P., Findlay, D.L., Kling, H.J., and Birks, H.J.B. 1994. Responses of diatom and chrysophyte assemblages in Lake 227 sediments to experimental eutrophication. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 51: 2300-2311.