Evolution of biogeographic disjunction between eastern Asia and eastern North America in Phryma (Phrymaceae)

American Journal of Botany

Volumn 93, Issue 9, 2006, Pages 1343-1356

  Nie, Ze Long ^a,b   Sun, Hang ^a   Beardsley, Paul M ^c   Olmstead, Richard G ^d   Wen, Jun ^e,f  

^a KUNMING INSTITUTE OF BOTANY   (China)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES   (China)

^c Nucl Eng Idaho State University   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^e DEPARTMENT OF PALEOBIOLOGY   (United States)

^f INSTITUTE OF BOTANY   (China)

Author keywords

Biogeography; Eastern Asia; Eastern North America; Intercontinental disjunction; Morphological stasis; Phryma; Phrymaceae; Phylogeography

Indexed keywords

ANGIOSPERM; BAYESIAN ANALYSIS; DISJUNCT DISTRIBUTION; DIVERGENCE; ECOMORPHOLOGY; EVOLUTION; GENETIC ANALYSIS; PHYLOGENETICS; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; VICARIANCE;

ASIA; EURASIA; NORTH AMERICA;

MYA; PHRYMA; PHRYMACEAE;

EID: 33749428528     PISSN: 00029122     EISSN: 00029122     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3732/ajb.93.9.1343     Document Type: Article

References (93)

1. AXELROD, D. I. 1975. Evolution and biogeography of the Madrean-Tethyan sclerophyll vegetation. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 62: 280-334.
2. BALDWIN, B. G., AND M. J. SANDERSON. 1998. Age and rate of diversification of the Hawaiian silversword alliance (Compositae). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 95: 9402-9406.
3. BEARDSLEY, P. M., AND W. R. BARKER. 2005. Patterns of evolution in Australian Mimulus and related genera (Phrymaceae∼Scrophulariaceae): a molecular phylogeny using chloroplast and nuclear sequence data. Australian Systematic Botany 18: 61-73.
4. BEARDSLEY, P. M., AND R. G. OLMSTEAD. 2002. Redefining Phrymaceae: the placement of Mimulus, tribe Mimuleae and Phryma. American Journal of Botany 89: 1093-1102.
5. BEARDSLEY, P. M., S. E. SCHOENIG, J. B. WHITTALL, AND R. G. OLMSTEAD. 2004. Patterns of evolution in western North American Mimulus (Phrymaceae). American Journal of Botany 91: 474-489.
6. BOND, J. E., M. C. HEDIN, M. G. RAMIREZ, AND B. D. OPELL. 2001. Deep molecular divergence in the absence of morphological and ecological change in the Californian coastal dune endemic trapdoor spider Aptostichus simus. Molecular Ecology 10: 899-910.
7. BREMER, K., E. M. FRIIS, AND B. BREMER. 2004. Molecular phylogenetic dating of asterid flowering plants shows early Cretaceous diversification. Systematic Biolology 53: 496-505.
8. CALL, V. B., AND D. L. DILCHER. 1992. Investigations of angiosperms from the Eocene of southeastern North America: samaras of Fraxinus wilcoxiana Berry. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 74: 249-266.
9. CHADWELL, T. B., S. J. WAGSTAFF, AND P. D. CANTINO. 1992. Pollen morphology of Phryma and some putative relatives. Systematic Botany 17: 210-219.
10. CHANEY, R. W., AND D. I. AXELROD. 1959. Miocene floras of the Columbia Plateau. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 617: 1-231.
11. CHARLESWORTH, B., R. LANDE, AND M. SLATKIN. 1982. A neodarwinian commentary on macroevolution. Evolution 36: 474-498.
12. CRONQUIST, A. 1981. An integrated system of classification of flowering plants. Columbia University Press, London, UK.
13. DAHLGREN, R. 1980. A revised system of classification of the angiosperms. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 80: 91-124.
14. DONOGHUE, M. J., AND S. A. SMITH. 2004. Patterns in the assembly of temperate forests around the Northern Hemisphere. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B, Biological Sciences 359: 1633-1644.
15. DOYLE, J. J., AND J. L. DOYLE. 1987. A rapid isolation procedure from small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochemical Bulletin 19: 11-15.
16. ELDREDGE, N., AND S. J. GOULD. 1972. Punctuated equilibria: an alternative to phyletic gradualism. In T. M. Schopf [ed.], Models in paleobiology, 82-115. Freeman, San Francisco, California, USA.
17. ENGLER, A., AND K. PRANTL. 1936. Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. Engelmann, Leipzig, Germany.
18. FARRIS, J. S., M. KÄLLERSJÖ, A. G. KLUGE, AND C. BULT. 1994. Testing significance of incongruence. Cladistics 10: 315-319.
19. FELSENSTEIN, J. 1985. Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39: 783-791.
20. FELSENSTEIN, J. 1988. Phylogenies from molecular sequences: inference and reliability. Annual Review of Genetics 22: 521-565.
21. GRAHAM, A. 1999. Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic history of North American vegetation north of Mexico. Oxford University Press, New York, New York, USA.
22. HALENIUS, J. 1750. Plantae rariores Camschatcenses. Ph.D. thesis, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.
23. HARA, H. 1962. Racial differences in widespread species, with special reference to those common to Japan and North America. American Journal of Botany 49: 647-652.
24. HARA, H. 1966. The flora of eastern Himalaya. University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
25. HARA, H. 1969. Remarkable examples of speciation in Asiatic plants. American Journal of Botany 56: 732-737.
26. HOEY, M. T., AND C. R. PARKS. 1991. Isozyme divergence between eastern Asian, North American and Turkish species of Liquidambar (Hamamelidaceae). American Journal of Botany 78: 938-947.
27. HOLM, T. 1913. Phryma leptostachya L., a morphological study. Botanical Gazette 56: 305-318.
28. HONG, D. Y. 1983. The disjunction of Scrophulariaceae in the Holarctic with special reference to the floristic relationship between eastern Asia and eastern North America. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 70: 701-723.
29. HUELSENBECK, J. P., AND R. RONQUIST. 2001. MrBayes: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees. Bioinformatics 17: 754-755.
30. HUTCHINSON, J. 1959. The families of flowering plants. Dicotyledons arranged according to a new system based on their probable phylogeny, vol. 1. Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK.
31. KISHINO, H., AND M. HASEGAWA. 1989. Evaluation of the maximum likelihood estimate of the evolutionary tree topologies from DNA sequence data, and the branching order in Hominoidea. Journal of Molecular Evolution 29: 170-179.
32. KITAMURA, S., AND G. MIURATA. 1957. New names and new conceptions adopted in our colored illustrations of herbaceous plants of Japan (Sympetalae). Acta Phytotaxonomy and Geobotany 17: 5-13.
33. LEE, N. S., T. SANG, D. J. CRAWFORD, S. H. HEAU, AND S. C. KIM. 1996. Molecular divergence between disjunct taxa in eastern Asia and eastern North America. American Journal of Botany 83: 1373-1378.
34. LI, H. L. 1952. Floristic relationships between eastern Asia and eastern North America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 42: 371-429.
35. LI, Z. Y. 2000. Taxonomic notes on the genus Phryma L. from Asia. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 38: 386-391.
36. LÖVE, A., AND D. LÖVE. 1982. IOPB chromosome number reports LXXVI. Taxon 31: 583-587.
37. LU, A. M. 1990. A preliminary cladistic study of the families of the superorder Lamiiflorae. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 103: 39-57.
38. MAGALLÓN-PUEBLA, S., P. R. CRANE, AND P. S. HERENDEEN. 1999. Phylogenetic pattern, diversity, and diversification of eudicots. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 86: 297-372.
39. MANCHESTER, S. R. 1999. Biogeographical relationships of North American Tertiary floras. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 86: 472-522.
40. MANOS, P. S., AND M. J. DONOGHUE. 2001. Progress in Northern Hemisphere phytogeography: an introduction. International Journal of Plant Sciences 162: S1-S2.
41. MEYER, H. W., AND S. R. MANCHESTER. 1997. The Oligocene Bridge Creek flora of the John Day Formation, Oregon. University of California Publications in Geological Science 141: 1-195.
42. MILNE, R. I., AND R. J. ABBOTT. 2002. The origin and evolution of tertiary relict floras. Advances in Botanical Research 38: 281-314.
43. NIE, Z. L., J. WEN, H. SUN, AND B. BARTHOLOMEW. 2005. Monophyly of Kelloggia Torrey ex Benth. (Rubiaceae) and evolution of its intercontinental disjunction between western North America and eastern Asia. American Journal of Botany 92: 642-652.
44. OXELMAN, B., P. KORNHALL, R. G. OLMSTEAD, AND B. BREMER. 2005. Further disintegration of Scrophulariaceae. Taxon 54: 411-425.
45. PARKS, C. R., AND J. F. WENDEL. 1990. Molecular divergence between Asian and North American species of Liriodendron (Magnoliaceae) with implications for interpretation of fossil floras. American Journal of Botany 77: 1243-1256.
46. PIGG, K. B., AND W. C. WEHR. 2002. Tertiary flowers, fruits and seeds of Washington State and adjacent areas, part III. Washington Geology 30: 3-20.
47. POSADA, D., AND T. R. BUCKLEY. 2004. Model selection and model averaging in phylogenetics: advantages of the AIC and Bayesian approaches over likelihood ratio tests. Systematic Biology 53: 793-808.
48. QIU, Y. L., M. W. CHASE, AND C. R. PARKS. 1995a. A chloroplast DNA phylogenic study of the eastern Asia-eastern North America disjunct section Rytidospermum of Magnolia (Magnoliaceae). American Journal of Botany 82: 1582-1588.
49. QIU, Y. L., C. R. PARKS, AND M. W. CHASE. 1995b. Molecular divergence in the eastern Asia-eastern North America disjunct section Rytidospermum of Magnolia (Magnoliaceae). American Journal of Botany 82: 1589-1598.
50. RAMANA, R. V., P. S. P. RAO, AND L. L. NARAYANA. 1983. A contribution to the floral anatomy of Phryma leptostachya L. Current Science 52: 922-924.
51. RAMBAUT, A., AND N. C. GRASSLY. 1997. Seq-Gen: an application for the Monte Carlo simulation of DNA sequence evolution along phylogenetic trees. Computer Applications in the Biosciences 13: 235-238.
52. RANNALA, B., AND Z. H. YANG. 1996. Probability distribution of molecular evolutionary trees: a new method of phylogenetic inference. Journal of Molecular Evolution 43: 304-311.
53. RAO, V. S. 1952. The floral anatomy of some Verbenaceae with special reference to the gynoecium. Journal of Indian Botanic Society 31: 297-315.
54. RICKLEFS, R. E., AND R. E. LATHAM. 1992. Intercontinental correlation of geographical ranges suggests stasis in ecological traits of relict genera of temperate perennial herbs. American Naturalist 139: 1305-1321.
55. ROHLF, F. J. 1998. NTSYSpc: numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system, version 2.0. Applied Biostatistics, New York, New York, USA.
56. RONQUIST, F. 1996. DIVA: dispersal-vicariance analysis, version 1.1. Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
57. RONQUIST, F. 1997. Dispersal-vicariance analysis: a new approach to the quantification of historical biogeography. Systematic Biology 46: 195-203.
58. RUDYKA, E. G. 1995. Chromosome numbers in vascular plants from the southern part of the Russian Far East. Botaničeskij Ž urnal (Moscow & Leningrad) 80: 87-90 (In Russian).
59. SANDERSON, M. J. 2002. Estimating absolute rates of molecular evolution and divergence times: a penalized likelihood approach. Molecular Biology and Evolution 19: 101-109.
60. SANDERSON, M. J. 2003. r8s: analysis of rates ("r8s") of evolution (and other stuff), version 1.60. Computer program distributed by author at website http://ginger.ucdavis.edu/r8s/.
61. SANG, T., D. J. CRAWFORD, S.-C. KIM, AND T. F. STUESSY. 1994. Radiation of the endemic genus Dendroseris (Asteraceae) on the Juan Fernandez Islands: evidence from the sequences of the ITS regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA. American Journal of Botany 81: 1494-1501.
62. SHI, S. H., H. T. CHANG, Q. Y. CHEN, L. H. QU, AND J. WEN. 1998. Phylogeny of the Hamamelidaceae based on the ITS sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 26: 55-69.
63. SNEATH, P. H. A., AND R. R. SOKAL. 1973. Numerical taxonomy. Freeman, San Francisco, California, USA.
64. SUN, B.Y., J. H. PARK, M. J. KWAK, C. H. KIM, AND K. S. KIM. 1996. Chromosome counts from the flora of Korea with emphasis on Apiaceae. Journal of Plant Biology 138: 15-22.
65. SWOFFORD, D. L. 2003. PAUP*: phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (* and other methods), version 4.0b 10. Sinauer, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA.
66. TAKHTAJAN, A. 1987. Systema Magnoliophytorum. Nauka, Leningrad, USSR.
67. THIERET, J. W. 1972. The Phrymaceae in the southeastern United States. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 53: 226-233.
68. THOMPSON, J. D., T. J. GIBSON, F. PLEWNIAK, F. JEANMOUGIN, AND D. G. HIGGINS. 1997. The ClustalX Windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Research 24: 4876-4882.
69. THORNE, J. L., AND H. KISHINO. 2002. Divergence time estimation and rate evolution with multilocus data sets. Systematic Biology 51: 689-702.
70. THORNE, J. L., H. KISHINO, AND I. S. PAINTER. 1998. Estimating the rate of evolution of the rate of molecular evolution. Molecular Biology and Evolution 15: 1647-1657.
71. TIFFNEY, B. H. 1985a. Perspectives on the origin of the floristic similarity between eastern Asia and eastern North America. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 66: 73-94.
72. TIFFNEY, B. H. 1985b. The Eocene North Atlantic land bridge and its importance in Tertiary and modern phytogeography of the Northern Hemisphere. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 66: 243-273.
73. TIFFNEY, B. H., AND S. R. MANCHESTER. 2001. The use of geological and paleontological evidence in evaluating plant phylogeographic hypotheses in the North Hemisphere Tertiary. International Journal of Plant Sciences 162: S3-S17.
74. WAGSTAFF, S. J., AND R. G. OLMSTEAD. 1997. Phylogeny of the Labiatae and Verbenaceae inferred from rbcL sequences. Systematic Botany 22: 165-179.
75. WEHR, W. C., AND D. Q. HOPKINS. 1994. The Eocene orchards and gardens of Republic, Washington. Washington Geology 22: 27-34.
76. WEN, J. 1999. Evolution of eastern Asian and eastern North American disjunct distributions in flowering plants. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 30: 421-455.
77. WEN, J. 2000. Internal transcribed spacer phylogeny of the Asian and eastern North American disjunct Aralia sect. Dimorphanthus (Araliaceae) and its biogeographic implications. International Journal of Plant Sciences 161: 959-200.
78. WEN, J. 2001. Evolution of eastern Asian-North American biogeographic disjunctions: a few additional issues. International Journal of Plant Sciences 162: S117-S122.
79. WEN, J., P. LOWRY II, J. L. WALCK, AND K. O. YOO. 2002. Phylogenetic and biogeographic diversifications in Osmorhiza (Apiaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 89: 414-428.
80. WHIPPLE, H. L. 1972. Structure and systematics of Phryma leptostachya L. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 88: 1-17.
81. WHITCHER, I. N., AND J. WEN. 2001. Phylogeny and biogeography of Corylus (Betulaceae): inferences from ITS sequences. Systematic Botany 26: 283-298.
82. WHITE, J. M., T. A. AGER, D. P. ADAM, E. B. LEOPOLD, G. LIU, H. JETTÉ, AND C. E. SCHWEGER. 1997. An 18 million year record of vegetation and climate change in northwestern Canada and Alaska: tectonic and global climatic correlates. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 130: 293-306.
83. WIKSTRÖM, N., V. SAVOLAINEN, AND M. W. CHASE. 2001. Evolution of the angiosperms: calibrating the family tree. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 268: 2211-2220.
84. WILLIAMS, G. C. 1992. Natural selection: domains, levels, and challenges. Oxford University, Oxford, UK.
85. WILLIAMSON, P. G. 1987. Selection or constraint?: a proposal on the mechanism for stasis. In K. S. W. Campbell and M. F. Day [eds.], Rates of evolution, 129-142. Allen & Unwin, London, UK.
86. WOLFE, J. A. 1972. An interpretation of Alaskan tertiary floras. In A. Graham [ed.], Floristics and paleofloristics of Asia and eastern North America, 201-233. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
87. WOLFE, J. A. 1975. Some aspects of plant geography of the northern hemisphere during the late Cretaceous and Tertiary. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 62: 264-279.
88. WOLFE, J. A., K. M. GREGORY-WODZICKI, P. MOLNAR, AND G. MUSTOE. 2003. Rapid uplift and then collapse in the Eocene of the Okanagan? Evidence from paleobotany. Geological Association of Canada/Mineralogical Association of Canada/Society Economic Geologists, Joint Annual Meeting. Abstracts volume 28, no. 533 [CD-ROM]. Geological Association of Canada, St. John's, Canada.
89. XIANG, Q.-Y., S. J. BRUNSFELD, D. E. SOLTIS, AND P. S. SOLTIS. 1996. Chloroplast DNA phylogeny of Cornus L. (Cornaceae) and its implications for biogeography and character evolution. Systematic Botany 21: 515-534.
90. XIANG, Q.-Y., D. E. SOLTIS, AND P. S. SOLTIS. 1998. The eastern Asian and eastern and western North American floristic disjunction: congruent phylogenetic patterns in seven diverse genera. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 10: 178-190.
91. XIANG, Q. -Y., D. E. SOLTIS, P. S. SOLTIS, S. R. MANCHESTER, AND D. J. CRAWFORD. 2000. Timing the eastern Asian-eastern North American floristic disjunction: molecular clock corroborates paleontological data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 15: 462-472.
92. YANG, Z. 1997. PAML: a program package for phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood. Computer Applications in BioSciences 13: 555-556. Website http://abacus.gene.ucl.ac.uk/software/paml.html.
93. YANG, Z., AND A. D. YODER. 2003. Comparison of likelihood and Bayesian methods for estimating divergence times using multiple gene loci and calibration points, with application to a radiation of cute-looking mouse lemur species. Systematic Biology 52: 1-12.