메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 12, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 332-355

Transfer to adult court: A national study of how juvenile court judges weigh pertinent Kent criteria

Author keywords

Danger risk; Judges' decisions; Juvenile offenders; Kent criteria; Maturity; Transfer to adult court; Treatment amenability

Indexed keywords


EID: 33749329470     PISSN: 10768971     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/1076-8971.12.3.332     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (31)

References (77)
  • 1
    • 0142053555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forward: The changing borders of juvenile justice: Transfer of adolescents to the criminal court
    • J. Fagan & F. E. Zimring (Eds.), Chicago: University of Chicago Press
    • Allen, F. A. (2000). Forward: The changing borders of juvenile justice: Transfer of adolescents to the criminal court. In J. Fagan & F. E. Zimring (Eds.), The changing borders of juvenile justice: Transfer of adolescents to criminal court (pp. ix-xvi). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    • (2000) The Changing Borders of Juvenile Justice: Transfer of Adolescents to Criminal Court
    • Allen, F.A.1
  • 3
    • 0005441014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response rate in academic studies - A comparative analysis
    • Baruch, Y. (1999). Response rate in academic studies - A comparative analysis. Human Relations, 52, 421-438.
    • (1999) Human Relations , vol.52 , pp. 421-438
    • Baruch, Y.1
  • 4
    • 21144473616 scopus 로고
    • On mission statements and reform in juvenile justice: The case of the "Balanced Approach"
    • Bazemore, G. (1992). On mission statements and reform in juvenile justice: The case of the "Balanced Approach." Federal Probation, 56, 64-70.
    • (1992) Federal Probation , vol.56 , pp. 64-70
    • Bazemore, G.1
  • 5
    • 84928833750 scopus 로고
    • Transfer of juveniles to criminal court: A case study and analysis of prosecutorial waiver
    • Bishop, D. M., & Frazier, C. E. (1991). Transfer of juveniles to criminal court: A case study and analysis of prosecutorial waiver. Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics, and Public Policy, 5, 282-283.
    • (1991) Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics, and Public Policy , vol.5 , pp. 282-283
    • Bishop, D.M.1    Frazier, C.E.2
  • 6
    • 84965779574 scopus 로고
    • Prosecutorial waiver: Case study of a questionable reform
    • Bishop, D. M., Frazier, C. E., & Henretta, J. C. (1989). Prosecutorial waiver: Case study of a questionable reform. Crime and Delinquency, 35, 179-201.
    • (1989) Crime and Delinquency , vol.35 , pp. 179-201
    • Bishop, D.M.1    Frazier, C.E.2    Henretta, J.C.3
  • 8
    • 0034485063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Im)maturity of judgment in adolescence: Why adolescents may be less culpable than adults
    • Cauffman, E., & Steinberg, L. (2000). (Im)maturity of judgment in adolescence: Why adolescents may be less culpable than adults. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 18, 741-760.
    • (2000) Behavioral Sciences and the Law , vol.18 , pp. 741-760
    • Cauffman, E.1    Steinberg, L.2
  • 9
    • 0029130577 scopus 로고
    • Constructing validity: Basic issues in objective scale development
    • Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1995). Constructing validity: Basic issues in objective scale development. Psychological Assessment, 7, 309-319.
    • (1995) Psychological Assessment , vol.7 , pp. 309-319
    • Clark, L.A.1    Watson, D.2
  • 10
    • 4544259681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can the courts fairly account for the diminished competence and culpability of juveniles? A judge's perspective
    • T. Grisso and R. G. Schwartz (Eds.), Chicago: University of Chicago Press
    • Crippen, G. L. (2000). Can the courts fairly account for the diminished competence and culpability of juveniles? A judge's perspective. In T. Grisso and R. G. Schwartz (Eds.), Youth on trial: Developmental perspective on juvenile justice (pp. 403-434). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    • (2000) Youth on Trial: Developmental Perspective on Juvenile Justice , pp. 403-434
    • Crippen, G.L.1
  • 11
    • 0025323949 scopus 로고
    • Juror sensitivity to eyewitness identification evidence
    • Cutler, B. L., Penrod, S. D., & Dexter, H. R. (1990). Juror sensitivity to eyewitness identification evidence. Law and Human Behavior, 14, 185-191.
    • (1990) Law and Human Behavior , vol.14 , pp. 185-191
    • Cutler, B.L.1    Penrod, S.D.2    Dexter, H.R.3
  • 12
    • 0023832839 scopus 로고
    • Juror decision making in eyewitness identification cases
    • Cutler, B. L., Penrod, S. D., & Stuve, T. E. (1988). Juror decision making in eyewitness identification cases. Law and Human Behavior, 12, 41-55.
    • (1988) Law and Human Behavior , vol.12 , pp. 41-55
    • Cutler, B.L.1    Penrod, S.D.2    Stuve, T.E.3
  • 13
    • 0005844054 scopus 로고
    • The determinants and impact of jurisdictional transfer in Philadelphia
    • J. Hall & D. Hamparian (Eds.), Columbus, OH: Academy for Contemporary Problems
    • Eigen, J. (1981a). The determinants and impact of jurisdictional transfer in Philadelphia. In J. Hall & D. Hamparian (Eds.), Readings in public policy (pp. 333-350). Columbus, OH: Academy for Contemporary Problems.
    • (1981) Readings in Public Policy , pp. 333-350
    • Eigen, J.1
  • 14
    • 0005805450 scopus 로고
    • Punishing youth homicide offenders in Philadelphia
    • Eigen, J. (1981b). Punishing youth homicide offenders in Philadelphia. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 72, 1072-1093.
    • (1981) Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology , vol.72 , pp. 1072-1093
    • Eigen, J.1
  • 15
    • 0141522999 scopus 로고
    • Juveniles or adults? Forensic assessment of juveniles considered for trial in criminal court
    • Ewing, C. P. (1990). Juveniles or adults? Forensic assessment of juveniles considered for trial in criminal court. Forensic Reports, 3, 3-13.
    • (1990) Forensic Reports , vol.3 , pp. 3-13
    • Ewing, C.P.1
  • 17
    • 0005836565 scopus 로고
    • Reference of juvenile offenders for adult prosecution: The legislative alternative for asking unanswered questions
    • Feld, B. C. (1978). Reference of juvenile offenders for adult prosecution: The legislative alternative for asking unanswered questions. Minnesota Law Review, 62, 515-618.
    • (1978) Minnesota Law Review , vol.62 , pp. 515-618
    • Feld, B.C.1
  • 18
    • 0039671591 scopus 로고
    • The decision to seek criminal charges: Just deserts and the waiver decision
    • Feld, B. C. (1984). The decision to seek criminal charges: Just deserts and the waiver decision. Criminal Justice Ethics, 3, 27-41.
    • (1984) Criminal Justice Ethics , vol.3 , pp. 27-41
    • Feld, B.C.1
  • 19
    • 0023598535 scopus 로고
    • The juvenile court meets the principle of the offense
    • Feld, B. C. (1987). The juvenile court meets the principle of the offense. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 78, 471-533.
    • (1987) Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology , vol.78 , pp. 471-533
    • Feld, B.C.1
  • 21
    • 0005800066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Legislative exclusion of offenses from juvenile court jurisdiction: A history and critique
    • J. Fagan & F. E. Zimring (Eds.), Chicago: The University of Chicago Press
    • Feld, B. C. (2000). Legislative exclusion of offenses from juvenile court jurisdiction: A history and critique. In J. Fagan & F. E. Zimring (Eds.), The changing borders of juvenile justice: Transfer of adolescents to the criminal court (pp. 83-144). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
    • (2000) The Changing Borders of Juvenile Justice: Transfer of Adolescents to the Criminal Court , pp. 83-144
    • Feld, B.C.1
  • 22
    • 13744262062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Priming unconscious racial stereotypes about adolescent offenders
    • Graham, S., & Lowery, B. S. (2004). Priming unconscious racial stereotypes about adolescent offenders. Law and Human Behavior, 28, 483-504.
    • (2004) Law and Human Behavior , vol.28 , pp. 483-504
    • Graham, S.1    Lowery, B.S.2
  • 24
    • 0030036868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Society's retributive response to juvenile violence: A developmental perspective
    • Grisso, T. (1996). Society's retributive response to juvenile violence: A developmental perspective. Law and Human Behavior, 20, 229-247.
    • (1996) Law and Human Behavior , vol.20 , pp. 229-247
    • Grisso, T.1
  • 26
    • 20244385927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forensic clinical evaluations related to waiver of jurisdiction
    • J. Fagan & F. E. Zimring (Eds.), Chicago: University of Chicago Press
    • Grisso, T. (2000). Forensic clinical evaluations related to waiver of jurisdiction. In J. Fagan & F. E. Zimring (Eds.), The changing borders of juvenile justice: Transfer of adolescents to criminal court (pp. 321-352). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    • (2000) The Changing Borders of Juvenile Justice: Transfer of Adolescents to Criminal Court , pp. 321-352
    • Grisso, T.1
  • 29
    • 0029130081 scopus 로고
    • Content validity in psychological assessment: A functional approach to concepts and methods
    • Haynes, S. N., Richard, D. C., & Kubany, E. S. (1995). Content validity in psychological assessment: A functional approach to concepts and methods. Psychological Assessment, 7, 238-247.
    • (1995) Psychological Assessment , vol.7 , pp. 238-247
    • Haynes, S.N.1    Richard, D.C.2    Kubany, E.S.3
  • 30
    • 0030873822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A national survey of U.S. statutes on juvenile transfer: Implications for policy and practice
    • Heilbrun, K., Leheny, C., Thomas, L., & Huneycutt, D. (1997). A national survey of U.S. statutes on juvenile transfer: Implications for policy and practice. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 15, 125-149.
    • (1997) Behavioral Sciences and the Law , vol.15 , pp. 125-149
    • Heilbrun, K.1    Leheny, C.2    Thomas, L.3    Huneycutt, D.4
  • 31
    • 84973706448 scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of rehabilitation programs for juvenile delinquents: A brief report
    • Izzo, R. L., & Ross, R. R. (1990). Meta-analysis of rehabilitation programs for juvenile delinquents: A brief report. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 17, 134-142.
    • (1990) Criminal Justice and Behavior , vol.17 , pp. 134-142
    • Izzo, R.L.1    Ross, R.R.2
  • 33
    • 33749345920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kent v. United States, 383 U.S. 541 (1966)
    • Kent v. United States, 383 U.S. 541 (1966).
  • 35
    • 0030797936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical evaluations for transfer of juveniles to criminal court: Current practices and future research
    • Kruh, I. P., & Brodsky, S. L. (1997). Clinical evaluations for transfer of juveniles to criminal court: Current practices and future research. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 15, 151-165.
    • (1997) Behavioral Sciences and the Law , vol.15 , pp. 151-165
    • Kruh, I.P.1    Brodsky, S.L.2
  • 36
    • 33747513889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing the reliability and validity of the Risk, Sophistication- Maturity, and Treatment Amenability Instrument
    • Leistico, A. R., & Salekin, R. T. (2003). Testing the reliability and validity of the Risk, Sophistication-Maturity, and Treatment Amenability Instrument. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health Services, 2, 101-117.
    • (2003) International Journal of Forensic Mental Health Services , vol.2 , pp. 101-117
    • Leistico, A.R.1    Salekin, R.T.2
  • 38
    • 0001266298 scopus 로고
    • Objective tests as instruments of psychological theory
    • Loevinger, J. (1957). Objective tests as instruments of psychological theory. Psychological Reports, 3, 635-694.
    • (1957) Psychological Reports , vol.3 , pp. 635-694
    • Loevinger, J.1
  • 39
    • 73849103321 scopus 로고
    • What works? Questions and answers about prison reform
    • Martinson, R. (1974). What works? Questions and answers about prison reform. Public Interest, 35, 22-84.
    • (1974) Public Interest , vol.35 , pp. 22-84
    • Martinson, R.1
  • 40
    • 0037846411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacting re-arrest rates among youth sentenced in adult court: An epidemiological examination of the Juvenile Sentencing Advocacy Project
    • Mason, C. A., Chapman, D. A., Chang, S., & Simons, J. (2003). Impacting re-arrest rates among youth sentenced in adult court: An epidemiological examination of the Juvenile Sentencing Advocacy Project. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 32, 205-214.
    • (2003) Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology , vol.32 , pp. 205-214
    • Mason, C.A.1    Chapman, D.A.2    Chang, S.3    Simons, J.4
  • 42
    • 0042558250 scopus 로고
    • Judging amenability to treatment in juvenile offenders: Theory and practice
    • N. D. Reppucci, L. A. Weithorn, E. P. Mulvey, & J. Monahan (Eds.), Beverly Hills, CA: Sage
    • Mulvey, E. (1984). Judging amenability to treatment in juvenile offenders: Theory and practice. In N. D. Reppucci, L. A. Weithorn, E. P. Mulvey, & J. Monahan (Eds.), Children, mental health, and the law (pp. 195-210). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
    • (1984) Children, Mental Health, and the Law , pp. 195-210
    • Mulvey, E.1
  • 43
    • 0024058626 scopus 로고
    • The context of clinical judgment: The effect of resource availability on judgments of amenability to treatment in juvenile offenders
    • Mulvey, E. P., & Reppucci, N. D. (1988). The context of clinical judgment: The effect of resource availability on judgments of amenability to treatment in juvenile offenders. American Journal of Community Psychology, 16, 525-545.
    • (1988) American Journal of Community Psychology , vol.16 , pp. 525-545
    • Mulvey, E.P.1    Reppucci, N.D.2
  • 44
    • 0343468534 scopus 로고
    • Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes
    • Nisbett, R. E., & Wilson, T. D. (1977). Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes. Psychological Review, 84, 231-259.
    • (1977) Psychological Review , vol.84 , pp. 231-259
    • Nisbett, R.E.1    Wilson, T.D.2
  • 45
    • 2942565873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The utility of locus of control for assessing juvenile amenability to treatment
    • Page, G. L., & Scalora, M. J. (2004). The utility of locus of control for assessing juvenile amenability to treatment. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 9, 523-534.
    • (2004) Aggression and Violent Behavior , vol.9 , pp. 523-534
    • Page, G.L.1    Scalora, M.J.2
  • 46
    • 33749348737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The transfer of juveniles to adult court in Canada and the United States: Confused agendas and compromised assessment procedures
    • Penney, S. R., & Moretti, M. (2005). The transfer of juveniles to adult court in Canada and the United States: Confused agendas and compromised assessment procedures. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 4, 19-37.
    • (2005) International Journal of Forensic Mental Health , vol.4 , pp. 19-37
    • Penney, S.R.1    Moretti, M.2
  • 49
    • 0005872107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Juveniles transferred to criminal court: Legal reform proposals based on social science research
    • Redding, R. E. (1997). Juveniles transferred to criminal court: Legal reform proposals based on social science research. Utah Law Review, 709, 709-733.
    • (1997) Utah Law Review , vol.709 , pp. 709-733
    • Redding, R.E.1
  • 50
    • 4944240446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of adjudicating and sentencing juveniles as adults: Research and policy implications
    • Redding, R. E. (2003). The effects of adjudicating and sentencing juveniles as adults: Research and policy implications. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 1, 128-155.
    • (2003) Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice , vol.1 , pp. 128-155
    • Redding, R.E.1
  • 51
    • 33749315395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Juvenile delinquency: Past and present
    • K. Heilbrun, N. E. Sevin Goldstein, & R. E. Redding (Eds.), New York: Oxford University Press
    • Redding, R. E., Sevin Goldstein, N. E., & Heilbrun, K. (2005). Juvenile delinquency: Past and present. In K. Heilbrun, N. E. Sevin Goldstein, & R. E. Redding (Eds.), Juvenile delinquency: Prevention, assessment, and intervention (pp. 3-18). New York: Oxford University Press.
    • (2005) Juvenile Delinquency: Prevention, Assessment, and Intervention , pp. 3-18
    • Redding, R.E.1    Sevin Goldstein, N.E.2    Heilbrun, K.3
  • 52
    • 33749362488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roper v. Simmons, 543 U.S. 551, No. 03-633 (2005)
    • Roper v. Simmons, 543 U.S. 551, No. 03-633 (2005).
  • 53
    • 0037823800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical evaluation of youth considered for transfer to adult criminal court: Refining practice and directions for science
    • Salekin, R. T. (2002a). Clinical evaluation of youth considered for transfer to adult criminal court: Refining practice and directions for science. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, 2, 55-72.
    • (2002) Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice , vol.2 , pp. 55-72
    • Salekin, R.T.1
  • 54
    • 33744546494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Juvenile transfer to adult court: How can developmental and child psychology inform policy decision making?
    • B. L. Bottoms, M. B. Kovera, & B. D. McAuliff (Eds.), New York: Cambridge University Press
    • Salekin, R. T. (2002b). Juvenile transfer to adult court: How can developmental and child psychology inform policy decision making? In B. L. Bottoms, M. B. Kovera, & B. D. McAuliff (Eds.), Children, social science, and the law (pp. 203-232). New York: Cambridge University Press.
    • (2002) Children, Social Science, and the Law , pp. 203-232
    • Salekin, R.T.1
  • 57
    • 0035609297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Juvenile waiver to adult criminal courts: Prototypes for dangerousness, sophistication-maturity, and amenability to treatment
    • Salekin, R. T., Rogers, R., & Ustad, K. L. (2001). Juvenile waiver to adult criminal courts: Prototypes for dangerousness, sophistication-maturity, and amenability to treatment. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 7, 381-408.
    • (2001) Psychology, Public Policy, and Law , vol.7 , pp. 381-408
    • Salekin, R.T.1    Rogers, R.2    Ustad, K.L.3
  • 58
    • 0346364628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Juvenile transfer to adult courts: A look at the prototypes for dangerousness, sophistication-maturity, and amenability to treatment through a legal lens
    • Salekin, R. T., Yff, R. A., Neumann, C. S., Leistico, A. R., & Zalot, A. A. (2002). Juvenile transfer to adult courts: A look at the prototypes for dangerousness, sophistication-maturity, and amenability to treatment through a legal lens. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 8, 373-410.
    • (2002) Psychology, Public Policy, and Law , vol.8 , pp. 373-410
    • Salekin, R.T.1    Yff, R.A.2    Neumann, C.S.3    Leistico, A.R.4    Zalot, A.A.5
  • 59
    • 84965533511 scopus 로고
    • Certification to criminal court: The important policy questions of how, when, and why
    • Sanborn, J. B., Jr. (1994). Certification to criminal court: The important policy questions of how, when, and why. Crime and Delinquency, 40, 262-281.
    • (1994) Crime and Delinquency , vol.40 , pp. 262-281
    • Sanborn Jr., J.B.1
  • 60
    • 0029001083 scopus 로고
    • Evaluating adolescent decision making in legal contexts
    • Scott, E. S., Reppucci, N. D., & Woolard, J. L. (1995). Evaluating adolescent decision making in legal contexts. Law and Human Behavior, 19, 221-244.
    • (1995) Law and Human Behavior , vol.19 , pp. 221-244
    • Scott, E.S.1    Reppucci, N.D.2    Woolard, J.L.3
  • 61
    • 0003757114 scopus 로고
    • How juveniles get to criminal court
    • Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
    • Sickmund, M. (1994). How juveniles get to criminal court. U.S. Department of Justice update on statistics bulletin. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
    • (1994) U.S. Department of Justice Update on Statistics Bulletin
    • Sickmund, M.1
  • 62
    • 84984277759 scopus 로고
    • Waiver in Indiana - A conflict with the goals of the juvenile justice system
    • Simmons, J. (1978). Waiver in Indiana - A conflict with the goals of the juvenile justice system. Indiana Law Journal, 53, 601-614.
    • (1978) Indiana Law Journal , vol.53 , pp. 601-614
    • Simmons, J.1
  • 63
    • 0003592265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
    • Snyder, H. N., & Sickmund, M. (2006). Juvenile offenders and victims: 2006 national report. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
    • (2006) Juvenile Offenders and Victims: 2006 National Report
    • Snyder, H.N.1    Sickmund, M.2
  • 64
    • 0028584176 scopus 로고
    • Societal views of justice for adolescents accused of murder: Inconsistency between community sentiment and automatic legislative transfers
    • Stalans, L. J., & Henry, G. T. (1994). Societal views of justice for adolescents accused of murder: Inconsistency between community sentiment and automatic legislative transfers. Law and Human Behavior, 18, 675-696.
    • (1994) Law and Human Behavior , vol.18 , pp. 675-696
    • Stalans, L.J.1    Henry, G.T.2
  • 65
    • 0033263460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A developmental perspective on serious juvenile crime: When should juveniles be treated as adults?
    • Steinberg, L., & Cauffman, E. (1999). A developmental perspective on serious juvenile crime: When should juveniles be treated as adults? Federal Probation, 63, 52-57.
    • (1999) Federal Probation , vol.63 , pp. 52-57
    • Steinberg, L.1    Cauffman, E.2
  • 67
    • 11344253740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of the juvenile courts in the early 20th century: Beyond the myth of immaculate construction
    • M. K. Rosenheim, F. E. Zimring, D. S. Tanenhaus, & B. Dohrn (Eds.), Chicago: University of Chicago Press
    • Tanenhaus, D. S. (2002). The evolution of the juvenile courts in the early 20th century: Beyond the myth of immaculate construction. In M. K. Rosenheim, F. E. Zimring, D. S. Tanenhaus, & B. Dohrn (Eds.), A century of juvenile justice (pp. 42-73). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    • (2002) A Century of Juvenile Justice , pp. 42-73
    • Tanenhaus, D.S.1
  • 68
    • 33749356981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Juvenile delinquency and youth protection: The historical foundations of the Canadian Juvenile Delinquents Act of 1908
    • Trepanier, J. (1999). Juvenile delinquency and youth protection: The historical foundations of the Canadian Juvenile Delinquents Act of 1908. European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice, 7, 41-62.
    • (1999) European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice , vol.7 , pp. 41-62
    • Trepanier, J.1
  • 69
    • 0034418209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Federal juvenile waiver practices: A contextual approach to the consideration of prior delinquency records
    • Ullman, R. P. (2000). Federal juvenile waiver practices: A contextual approach to the consideration of prior delinquency records. Fordham Law Review, 68, 1329-1369.
    • (2000) Fordham Law Review , vol.68 , pp. 1329-1369
    • Ullman, R.P.1
  • 70
    • 0142041459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transfer of juveniles to adult court: The case of H. H
    • Witt, P. H. (2003). Transfer of juveniles to adult court: The case of H. H. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 9, 361-380.
    • (2003) Psychology, Public Policy, and Law , vol.9 , pp. 361-380
    • Witt, P.H.1
  • 71
    • 0031402044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Juvenile transfer cases: Risk assessment and risk management
    • Witt, P. H., & Dyer, F. J. (1997). Juvenile transfer cases: Risk assessment and risk management. Journal of Psychiatry and Law, 25, 581-614.
    • (1997) Journal of Psychiatry and Law , vol.25 , pp. 581-614
    • Witt, P.H.1    Dyer, F.J.2
  • 72
    • 0035259851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Informing juvenile justice policy: Directions for behavioral science research
    • Woolard, J. L., Fondacaro, M. R., & Slobogin, C. (2001). Informing juvenile justice policy: Directions for behavioral science research. Law and Human Behavior, 25, 13-24.
    • (2001) Law and Human Behavior , vol.25 , pp. 13-24
    • Woolard, J.L.1    Fondacaro, M.R.2    Slobogin, C.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.