메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 86, Issue 1-4, 2006, Pages 101-123

Comparison of regional climate model and statistical downscaling simulations of different winter precipitation change scenarios over Romania

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; CANONICAL ANALYSIS; CLIMATE MODELING; HUMIDITY; PRECIPITATION INTENSITY; REGIONAL CLIMATE; SEA LEVEL PRESSURE;

EID: 33748192145     PISSN: 0177798X     EISSN: 14344483     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00704-005-0210-8     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (51)

References (48)
  • 1
    • 1642498129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rainfall downscaling in an alpine watershed applying a multiresolution approach
    • doi:10.1029/2001JD001485
    • Ahrens B (2003) Rainfall downscaling in an alpine watershed applying a multiresolution approach. J Geophy Res 108: 8388 doi:10.1029/2001JD001485
    • (2003) J Geophy Res , vol.108 , pp. 8388
    • Ahrens, B.1
  • 2
    • 0000123158 scopus 로고
    • Origin and levels of monthly and seasonal forecast skill for United States surface air temperatures determined by canonical correlation analysis
    • 10.1175/1520-0493(1987)115<1825:OALOMA>2.0.CO;2
    • TP Barnett R Preisendorfer 1987 Origin and levels of monthly and seasonal forecast skill for United States surface air temperatures determined by canonical correlation analysis Mon Wea Rev 115 1825-1850 10.1175/1520-0493(1987)115<1825:OALOMA>2.0.CO;2
    • (1987) Mon Wea Rev , vol.115 , pp. 1825-1850
    • Barnett, T.P.1    Preisendorfer, R.2
  • 3
    • 0242350153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recalibration of general circulation model output to austral summer rainfall over Southern Africa
    • 10.1002/joc.954
    • Ag Bartmann WA Landman CJD Rautenbach 2003 Recalibration of general circulation model output to austral summer rainfall over Southern Africa Int J Climatol 23 1407-1419 10.1002/joc.954
    • (2003) Int J Climatol , vol.23 , pp. 1407-1419
    • Bartmann, Ag.1    Landman, W.A.2    Rautenbach, C.J.D.3
  • 4
    • 0036863564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empirically downscaled multimodel ensemble temperature and precipitation. Scenarios for Norway
    • 10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<3008:EDMETA>2.0.CO;2
    • RF Benestad 2002 Empirically downscaled multimodel ensemble temperature and precipitation. Scenarios for Norway J Climate 21 3008-3027 10.1175/ 1520-0442(2002)015<3008:EDMETA>2.0.CO;2
    • (2002) J Climate , vol.21 , pp. 3008-3027
    • Benestad, R.F.1
  • 5
    • 0030440032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in the winter precipitation in Romania and its relation to the large scale circulation
    • A Busuioc H von Storch 1996 Changes in the winter precipitation in Romania and its relation to the large scale circulation Tellus 48A 538-552
    • (1996) Tellus , vol.48 A , pp. 538-552
    • Busuioc, A.1    von Storch, H.2
  • 6
    • 0033048866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Verification of GCM generated regional seasonal precipitation for current climate and of statistical downscaling estimates under changing climate conditions
    • A Busuioc H von Storch R Schnur 1999 Verification of GCM generated regional seasonal precipitation for current climate and of statistical downscaling estimates under changing climate conditions J Climate 12 258-272
    • (1999) J Climate , vol.12 , pp. 258-272
    • Busuioc, A.1    von Storch, H.2    Schnur, R.3
  • 7
    • 0035310619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance of statistical downscaling models in GCM validation and regional climate change estimates: Application for Swedish precipitation
    • 10.1002/joc.624
    • A Busuioc D Chen C Hellström 2001 Performance of statistical downscaling models in GCM validation and regional climate change estimates: Application for Swedish precipitation Int J Climatol 21 557-578 10.1002/joc.624
    • (2001) Int J Climatol , vol.21 , pp. 557-578
    • Busuioc, A.1    Chen, D.2    Hellström, C.3
  • 8
    • 21844455706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large-scale mechanisms influencing the winter Romanian climate variability
    • In: Brunet M, Lopez D (eds) ISBN 3-540-42239-0, Springer
    • Busuioc A (2001) Large-scale mechanisms influencing the winter Romanian climate variability. In: Brunet M, Lopez D (eds) Detecting and modelling regional climate change and associated impacts. ISBN 3-540-42239-0, Springer, pp 333-343
    • (2001) Detecting and Modelling Regional Climate Change and Associated Impacts , pp. 333-343
    • Busuioc, A.1
  • 9
    • 0141459833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conditional stochastic model for generating daily precipitation time series
    • A Busuioc H von Storch 2003 Conditional stochastic model for generating daily precipitation time series Climate Res 24 181-195
    • (2003) Climate Res , vol.24 , pp. 181-195
    • Busuioc, A.1    von Storch, H.2
  • 10
    • 0032875821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large-scale circulation anomalies conductive to extreme precipitation events and derivation of daily rainfall in northeastern Mexico and southeastern Texas
    • 10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<1506:LSCACT>2.0.CO;2
    • T Cavazos 1999 Large-scale circulation anomalies conductive to extreme precipitation events and derivation of daily rainfall in northeastern Mexico and southeastern Texas J Climate 12 1506-1523 10.1175/ 1520-0442(1999)012<1506:LSCACT>2.0.CO;2
    • (1999) J Climate , vol.12 , pp. 1506-1523
    • Cavazos, T.1
  • 11
    • 0033939783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using self-organizing maps to investigate extreme climate events: An application to wintertime precipitation in the Balkans
    • 10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<1718:USOMTI>2.0.CO;2
    • T Cavazos 2000 Using self-organizing maps to investigate extreme climate events: An application to wintertime precipitation in the Balkans J Climate 13 1718-1732 10.1175/ 1520-0442(2000)013<1718:USOMTI>2.0.CO;2
    • (2000) J Climate , vol.13 , pp. 1718-1732
    • Cavazos, T.1
  • 12
    • 0036748164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraseasonal variability associated with wet monsoons in southeast Arizona
    • 10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<2477:IVAWWM>2.0.CO;2
    • T Cavazos AC Comrie DM Liverman 2002 Intraseasonal variability associated with wet monsoons in southeast Arizona J Climate 15 2477-2490 10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<2477:IVAWWM>2.0.CO;2
    • (2002) J Climate , vol.15 , pp. 2477-2490
    • Cavazos, T.1    Comrie, A.C.2    Liverman, D.M.3
  • 13
    • 0038007837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between winter temperature in China and upper air circulation over East Asia revealed by canonical correlation analysis
    • 10.1016/S0921-8181(02)00199-6
    • DL Chen YM Chen 2003 Association between winter temperature in China and upper air circulation over East Asia revealed by canonical correlation analysis Global Planet Change 37 315-325 10.1016/S0921-8181(02)00199-6
    • (2003) Global Planet Change , vol.37 , pp. 315-325
    • Chen, D.L.1    Chen, Y.M.2
  • 14
    • 70449998809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PRUDENCE employs new methods to assess European climate change
    • JH Christensen TR Carter F Giorgi 2002 PRUDENCE employs new methods to assess European climate change EOS 83 147
    • (2002) EOS , vol.83 , pp. 147
    • Christensen, J.H.1    Carter, T.R.2    Giorgi, F.3
  • 15
    • 0027832818 scopus 로고
    • Development of a second generation regional climate model (RegCM2). Part I: Boundary layer and radiative transfer processes
    • 10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121<2794:DOASGR>2.0.CO;2
    • F Giorgi MR Marinucci GT Bates 1993a Development of a second generation regional climate model (RegCM2). Part I: Boundary layer and radiative transfer processes Mon Wea Rev 121 2794-2813 10.1175/ 1520-0493(1993)121<2794:DOASGR>2.0.CO;2
    • (1993) Mon Wea Rev , vol.121 , pp. 2794-2813
    • Giorgi, F.1    Marinucci, M.R.2    Bates, G.T.3
  • 16
    • 0027796712 scopus 로고
    • Development of a second generation regional climate model (RegCM2). Part II: Convective processes and assimilation of lateral boundary conditions
    • 10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121<2814:DOASGR>2.0.CO;2
    • F Giorgi MR Marinucci GT Bates G De Canio 1993b Development of a second generation regional climate model (RegCM2). Part II: Convective processes and assimilation of lateral boundary conditions Mon Wea Rev 121 2814-2832 10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121<2814:DOASGR>2.0.CO;2
    • (1993) Mon Wea Rev , vol.121 , pp. 2814-2832
    • Giorgi, F.1    Marinucci, M.R.2    Bates, G.T.3    De Canio, G.4
  • 17
    • 0000377434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction to special section: Regional climate modeling revisited
    • 10.1029/98JD02072
    • F Giorgi LO Mearns 1999 Introduction to special section: Regional climate modeling revisited J Geophys Res 104 6335-6352 10.1029/98JD02072
    • (1999) J Geophys Res , vol.104 , pp. 6335-6352
    • Giorgi, F.1    Mearns, L.O.2
  • 19
    • 3142562529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mean, interannual variability and trends in a regional climate change experiment over Europe. I: Present day climate (1961-1990)
    • 10.1007/s00382-004-0409-x
    • F Giorgi B Xunqiang J Pal 2004a Mean, interannual variability and trends in a regional climate change experiment over Europe. I: Present day climate (1961-1990) Clim Dyn 22 733-756 10.1007/s00382-004-0409-x
    • (2004) Clim Dyn , vol.22 , pp. 733-756
    • Giorgi, F.1    Xunqiang, B.2    Pal, J.3
  • 20
    • 12744260352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mean, interannual variability and trends in a regional climate change experiment over Europe. II: Climate change scenarios (2071-2100)
    • (in press)
    • Giorgi F, Xunqiang B, Pal J (2004b) Mean, interannual variability and trends in a regional climate change experiment over Europe. II: Climate change scenarios (2071-2100). Clim Dyn (in press)
    • (2004) Clim Dyn
    • Giorgi, F.1    Xunqiang, B.2    Pal, J.3
  • 21
    • 0032413136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of daily rainfall scenarios for southeast Spain using a circulation-type approach to downscaling
    • 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(199808)18:10<1051::AID-JOC304>3.0.CO;2-1
    • C Goodess J Palutikof 1998 Development of daily rainfall scenarios for southeast Spain using a circulation-type approach to downscaling Int J Climatol 10 1051-1083 10.1002/ (SICI)1097-0088(199808)18:10<1051::AID-JOC304>3.0.CO;2-1
    • (1998) Int J Climatol , vol.10 , pp. 1051-1083
    • Goodess, C.1    Palutikof, J.2
  • 22
    • 0030417301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate downscaling techniques and applications
    • BC Hewitson RG Crane 1996 Climate downscaling techniques and applications Climate Research 7 85-95
    • (1996) Climate Research , vol.7 , pp. 85-95
    • Hewitson, B.C.1    Crane, R.G.2
  • 23
    • 0029769698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical downscaling of monthly mean North Atlantic air-pressure to sea level anomalies in the Baltic Sea
    • H Heyen E Zorita H von Storch 1996 Statistical downscaling of monthly mean North Atlantic air-pressure to sea level anomalies in the Baltic Sea Tellus 48A 312-323
    • (1996) Tellus , vol.48 A , pp. 312-323
    • Heyen, H.1    Zorita, E.2    von Storch, H.3
  • 24
    • 0036648370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical downscaling of daily temperature in Central Europe
    • 10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<1731:SDODTI>2.0.CO;2
    • R Huth 2001 Statistical downscaling of daily temperature in Central Europe J Climate 15 1731-1742 10.1175/ 1520-0442(2002)015<1731:SDODTI>2.0.CO;2
    • (2001) J Climate , vol.15 , pp. 1731-1742
    • Huth, R.1
  • 25
    • 1642370777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of local daily temperature change estimates to the selection of downscaling models and predictors
    • 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<0640:SOLDTC>2.0.CO;2
    • R Huth 2004 Sensitivity of local daily temperature change estimates to the selection of downscaling models and predictors J Climate 17 640-652 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<0640:SOLDTC>2.0.CO;2
    • (2004) J Climate , vol.17 , pp. 640-652
    • Huth, R.1
  • 26
    • 0003564167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change In: Nakicenovic N (ed). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2000) Special Report on Emissions cenarios. In: Nakicenovic N (ed). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • (2000) Special Report on Emissions Cenarios
  • 27
    • 1642478634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ensemble mean changes in a simulation of the European mean climate of 2071-2100 using the new adly Centre regional modeling system HadAM3H/ HadRM3H
    • Hadley Centre Report
    • Jones RG, Murphy JM, Hassell D, Taylor R (2001) Ensemble mean changes in a simulation of the European mean climate of 2071-2100 using the new adly Centre regional modeling system HadAM3H/HadRM3H. Hadley Centre report, 19pp
    • (2001) , pp. 19
    • Jones, R.G.1    Murphy, J.M.2    Hassell, D.3    Taylor, R.4
  • 28
    • 0029768948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project
    • 10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0437:TNYRP>2.0.CO;2
    • E Kalnay 1996 The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project Bull Amer Meteor Soc 77 437-471 10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0437:TNYRP>2.0.CO;2
    • (1996) Bull Amer Meteor Soc , vol.77 , pp. 437-471
    • Kalnay, E.1
  • 29
    • 0005110980 scopus 로고
    • A method of relating general circulation model simulated climate to the observed local climate. Part I: Seasonal statistics
    • TR Karl WC Wang ME Schlesinger RW Knight D Portman 1990 A method of relating general circulation model simulated climate to the observed local climate. Part I: Seasonal statistics J Climate 1 1057-1064
    • (1990) J Climate , vol.1 , pp. 1057-1064
    • Karl, T.R.1    Wang, W.C.2    Schlesinger, M.E.3    Knight, R.W.4    Portman, D.5
  • 30
    • 0029668198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of conditional stochastic models to generate climate change scenarios
    • 10.1007/BF00142464
    • RW Katz 1996 Use of conditional stochastic models to generate climate change scenarios Climate Change 32 237-255 10.1007/BF00142464
    • (1996) Climate Change , vol.32 , pp. 237-255
    • Katz, R.W.1
  • 31
    • 0345567180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional climate modeling
    • 10.1007/BF01025367
    • JJ McGregor 1997 Regional climate modeling Meteorol Atmos Phys 63 105-117 10.1007/BF01025367
    • (1997) Meteorol Atmos Phys , vol.63 , pp. 105-117
    • McGregor, J.J.1
  • 32
    • 0033608661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative responses of EPIC and CERES crop models to high and low resolution climate change scenario
    • 10.1029/1998JD200061
    • LO Mearns T Mavromatis E Tsvetsinskaya C Hays W Easterling 1999 Comparative responses of EPIC and CERES crop models to high and low resolution climate change scenario J Geophys Res 104 D6 6623-6646 10.1029/1998JD200061
    • (1999) J Geophys Res , vol.104 , Issue.D6 , pp. 6623-6646
    • Mearns, L.O.1    Mavromatis, T.2    Tsvetsinskaya, E.3    Hays, C.4    Easterling, W.5
  • 33
    • 0033172619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of statistical and dynamical techniques for downscaling local climate
    • 10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<2256:AEOSAD>2.0.CO;2
    • JM Murphy 1999 An evaluation of statistical and dynamical techniques for downscaling local climate J Climate 12 2256-2284 10.1175/ 1520-0442(1999)012<2256:AEOSAD>2.0.CO;2
    • (1999) J Climate , vol.12 , pp. 2256-2284
    • Murphy, J.M.1
  • 34
    • 0034114628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of climate change over Europe using statistical and dynamical downscaling techniques
    • 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(200004)20:5<489::AID-JOC484>3.0.CO;2-6
    • JM Murphy 2000 Prediction of climate change over Europe using statistical and dynamical downscaling techniques Int J Climatol 20 489-501 10.1002/ (SICI)1097-0088(200004)20:5<489::AID-JOC484>3.0.CO;2-6
    • (2000) Int J Climatol , vol.20 , pp. 489-501
    • Murphy, J.M.1
  • 35
    • 0034452195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of regional scale water and energy budgets: Representation of sub-grid cloud and precipitation processes within RegCM
    • 10.1029/2000JD900415
    • JS Pal EE Small EAB Eltahir 2000 Simulation of regional scale water and energy budgets: Representation of sub-grid cloud and precipitation processes within RegCM J Geophys Res 105 29579-29594 10.1029/2000JD900415
    • (2000) J Geophys Res , vol.105 , pp. 29579-29594
    • Pal, J.S.1    Small, E.E.2    Eltahir, E.A.B.3
  • 36
    • 0037116321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generating rainfall and temperature scenarios at multiple sites: Examples from the Mediterranean
    • 10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<3529:GRATSA>2.0.CO;2
    • JP Palutikof CM Goodes SJ Watkins T Holt 2002 Generating rainfall and temperature scenarios at multiple sites: Examples from the Mediterranean J Climate 15 3549-3568 10.1175/ 1520-0442(2002)015<3529:GRATSA>2.0.CO;2
    • (2002) J Climate , vol.15 , pp. 3549-3568
    • Palutikof, J.P.1    Goodes, C.M.2    Watkins, S.J.3    Holt, T.4
  • 37
    • 0034108544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of new Physical parameterizations in the Hadley Centre climate model
    • 10.1007/s003820050009
    • VD Pope ML Gallani PR Rowntree RA Stratton 2000 The impact of new Physical parameterizations in the Hadley Centre climate model Clim Dyn 16 123-146 10.1007/s003820050009
    • (2000) Clim Dyn , vol.16 , pp. 123-146
    • Pope, V.D.1    Gallani, M.L.2    Rowntree, P.R.3    Stratton, R.A.4
  • 38
    • 0027870087 scopus 로고
    • Downscaling of global climate change estimates to regional scale: An application to Iberian rainfall in wintertime
    • 10.1175/1520-0442(1993)006<1161:DOGCCE>2.0.CO;2
    • H von Storch E Zorita U Cubasch 1993 Downscaling of global climate change estimates to regional scale: An application to Iberian rainfall in wintertime J Climate 6 1161-1171 10.1175/ 1520-0442(1993)006<1161:DOGCCE>2.0.CO;2
    • (1993) J Climate , vol.6 , pp. 1161-1171
    • von Storch, H.1    Zorita, E.2    Cubasch, U.3
  • 40
    • 0035673174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precipitation scenarios over Iberia: A comparison between direct GCM output and different downscaling techniques
    • 10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<4422:PSOIAC>2.0.CO;2
    • R Trigo J Palutikof 2001 Precipitation scenarios over Iberia: A comparison between direct GCM output and different downscaling techniques J Climate 16 4422-4446 10.1175/ 1520-0442(2001)014<4422:PSOIAC>2.0.CO;2
    • (2001) J Climate , vol.16 , pp. 4422-4446
    • Trigo, R.1    Palutikof, J.2
  • 41
    • 0027849942 scopus 로고
    • Interannual variability of Central European mean temperature in January-February and its relation to large-scale circulation
    • P Werner H von Storch 1993 Interannual variability of Central European mean temperature in January-February and its relation to large-scale circulation Clim Res 3 195-207
    • (1993) Clim Res , vol.3 , pp. 195-207
    • Werner, P.1    von Storch, H.2
  • 42
    • 0025247340 scopus 로고
    • Obtaining subgrid scale information from coarse-resolution general circulation model output
    • TML Wigley PD Jones KR Briffa G Smith 1990 Obtaining subgrid scale information from coarse-resolution general circulation model output J Geophys Res 95 1943-1953
    • (1990) J Geophys Res , vol.95 , pp. 1943-1953
    • Wigley, T.M.L.1    Jones, P.D.2    Briffa, K.R.3    Smith, G.4
  • 44
    • 0002956653 scopus 로고
    • Adapting stochastic weather generation algorithms for climate change studies
    • 10.1007/BF00143344
    • D Wilks 1992 Adapting stochastic weather generation algorithms for climate change studies Climate Change 22 67-84 10.1007/BF00143344
    • (1992) Climate Change , vol.22 , pp. 67-84
    • Wilks, D.1
  • 45
    • 0038128552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical precipitation downscaling over the Northwestern United States using numerically simulated precipitation as a predictor
    • 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<0799:SPDOTN>2.0.CO;2
    • M Witdmann CS Bretherton EP Salathe 2003 Statistical precipitation downscaling over the Northwestern United States using numerically simulated precipitation as a predictor J Climate 16 799-816 10.1175/ 1520-0442(2003)016<0799:SPDOTN>2.0.CO;2
    • (2003) J Climate , vol.16 , pp. 799-816
    • Witdmann, M.1    Bretherton, C.S.2    Salathe, E.P.3
  • 46
    • 0034688851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Connection between the large-scale 500hPa geopotential height fields and precipitation over Greece during wintertime
    • E Xoplaky J Luterbacher R Burkard 2000 Connection between the large-scale 500hPa geopotential height fields and precipitation over Greece during wintertime Clim Res 14 129-146
    • (2000) Clim Res , vol.14 , pp. 129-146
    • Xoplaky, E.1    Luterbacher, J.2    Burkard, R.3
  • 47
    • 0029477072 scopus 로고
    • Stochastic characterization of regional circulation patterns for climate model diagnosis and estimation of local precipitation
    • 10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<1023:SCORCP>2.0.CO;2
    • E Zorita JP Hughes DP Lettemaier H von Storch 1995 Stochastic characterization of regional circulation patterns for climate model diagnosis and estimation of local precipitation J Climate 8 1024-1042 10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<1023:SCORCP>2.0.CO;2
    • (1995) J Climate , vol.8 , pp. 1024-1042
    • Zorita, E.1    Hughes, J.P.2    Lettemaier, D.P.3    von Storch, H.4
  • 48
    • 0033172665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The analogue method as a simple statistical downscaling technique: Comparison with more complicated methods
    • 10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<2474:TAMAAS>2.0.CO;2
    • E Zorita H von Storch 1999 The analogue method as a simple statistical downscaling technique: Comparison with more complicated methods J Climate 12 2474-2489 10.1175/ 1520-0442(1999)012<2474:TAMAAS>2.0.CO;2
    • (1999) J Climate , vol.12 , pp. 2474-2489
    • Zorita, E.1    von Storch, H.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.