메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 13, Issue 6, 2006, Pages 417-430

Creating and consuming experiences in retail store environments: Comparing retailer and consumer perspectives

Author keywords

Consumer behavior; Retailing; Shopping experiences

Indexed keywords

CONSUMPTION BEHAVIOR; RETAILING; SHOPPING ACTIVITY; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS;

EID: 33746876361     PISSN: 09696989     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jretconser.2006.02.005     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (192)

References (86)
  • 1
    • 0242508302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speaking of art as embodied imagination: a multisensory approach to understanding aesthetic experience
    • Annamma J., and Sherry J.F. Speaking of art as embodied imagination: a multisensory approach to understanding aesthetic experience. Journal of Consumer Research 30 (2003) 259-282
    • (2003) Journal of Consumer Research , vol.30 , pp. 259-282
    • Annamma, J.1    Sherry, J.F.2
  • 2
    • 0034239390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric as tool for creating value and gaining share of customer
    • Babin B.J., and Attaway J.S. Atmospheric as tool for creating value and gaining share of customer. Journal of Business Research 49 (2000) 91-99
    • (2000) Journal of Business Research , vol.49 , pp. 91-99
    • Babin, B.J.1    Attaway, J.S.2
  • 3
    • 0002860721 scopus 로고
    • Consumer self-regulation in a retail environment
    • Babin B.J., and Darden W.R. Consumer self-regulation in a retail environment. Journal of Retailing 71 (1995) 47-70
    • (1995) Journal of Retailing , vol.71 , pp. 47-70
    • Babin, B.J.1    Darden, W.R.2
  • 4
    • 0030096170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Good and bad shopping vibes: spending and patronage satisfaction
    • Babin B.J., and Darden W.R. Good and bad shopping vibes: spending and patronage satisfaction. Journal of Business Research 35 (1996) 201-206
    • (1996) Journal of Business Research , vol.35 , pp. 201-206
    • Babin, B.J.1    Darden, W.R.2
  • 5
    • 21344485409 scopus 로고
    • Work and/or fun: measuring hedonic and utilitarian shopping value
    • Babin B.J., Darden W.R., and Griffin M. Work and/or fun: measuring hedonic and utilitarian shopping value. Journal of Consumer Research 20 (1994) 644-656
    • (1994) Journal of Consumer Research , vol.20 , pp. 644-656
    • Babin, B.J.1    Darden, W.R.2    Griffin, M.3
  • 6
    • 0002705873 scopus 로고
    • The role of the environment in marketing services: The consumer perspective
    • Czepiel J.A., Congram C.A., and Shanahan J. (Eds), American Marketing Association, Chicago, IL
    • Baker J. The role of the environment in marketing services: The consumer perspective. In: Czepiel J.A., Congram C.A., and Shanahan J. (Eds). The Services Challenge: Integrating for Competitive Advantage (1986), American Marketing Association, Chicago, IL 79-84
    • (1986) The Services Challenge: Integrating for Competitive Advantage , pp. 79-84
    • Baker, J.1
  • 11
    • 84986858036 scopus 로고
    • Environmental color, consumer feelings, and purchase likelihood
    • Bellizzi J.A., and Hite R.E. Environmental color, consumer feelings, and purchase likelihood. Psychology and Marketing 9 September (1992) 347-363
    • (1992) Psychology and Marketing , vol.9 , Issue.September , pp. 347-363
    • Bellizzi, J.A.1    Hite, R.E.2
  • 13
    • 0001926055 scopus 로고
    • Servicescapes: The impact of physical surroundings on customers and employees
    • Bitner M.J. Servicescapes: The impact of physical surroundings on customers and employees. Journal of Marketing 56 (1992) 57-72
    • (1992) Journal of Marketing , vol.56 , pp. 57-72
    • Bitner, M.J.1
  • 14
    • 0001965293 scopus 로고
    • The service encounter: diagnosing favourable and unfavourable incidents
    • Bitner M.J., Booms B.H., and Tetreault M.S. The service encounter: diagnosing favourable and unfavourable incidents. Journal of Marketing 54 January-March (1990) 71-85
    • (1990) Journal of Marketing , vol.54 , Issue.January-March , pp. 71-85
    • Bitner, M.J.1    Booms, B.H.2    Tetreault, M.S.3
  • 16
    • 84951550370 scopus 로고
    • New-type and traditional shoppers: a comparison of two major consumer groups
    • Boedeker M. New-type and traditional shoppers: a comparison of two major consumer groups. International Journal of Retail & Distribution management 23 3 (1995) 17-26
    • (1995) International Journal of Retail & Distribution management , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 17-26
    • Boedeker, M.1
  • 18
    • 0000572837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of store image in retail internationalisation
    • Burt S., and Carralero-Encinas J. The role of store image in retail internationalisation. International Marketing Review 17 4/5 (2000) 433-453
    • (2000) International Marketing Review , vol.17 , Issue.4-5 , pp. 433-453
    • Burt, S.1    Carralero-Encinas, J.2
  • 19
    • 33746925088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Buzz, D.D., 1997. Entertailing. Nation's Business, December, Cover story.
  • 21
    • 85032068410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Segmenting the market for food shoppers using attitudes top shopping and to time
    • Chetthamrongchai P., and Davies G. Segmenting the market for food shoppers using attitudes top shopping and to time. British Food Journal 102 2 (2000) 81-101
    • (2000) British Food Journal , vol.102 , Issue.2 , pp. 81-101
    • Chetthamrongchai, P.1    Davies, G.2
  • 23
    • 0001951371 scopus 로고
    • Store atmosphere: an environmental psychology approach
    • Donovan R.J., and Rossiter J.R. Store atmosphere: an environmental psychology approach. Journal of Retailing 58 (1982) 34-58
    • (1982) Journal of Retailing , vol.58 , pp. 34-58
    • Donovan, R.J.1    Rossiter, J.R.2
  • 25
    • 24644479310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differentiation by design: the importance of design in retailer repositioning and differentiation
    • Doyle S., and Broadbridge A. Differentiation by design: the importance of design in retailer repositioning and differentiation. International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management 27 (1999) 72-82
    • (1999) International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management , vol.27 , pp. 72-82
    • Doyle, S.1    Broadbridge, A.2
  • 26
    • 0012165695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olfactory Stimuli as Advertising Executional Cues
    • Ellen P.S., and Bone P.F. Olfactory Stimuli as Advertising Executional Cues. Journal of Advertising 27 4 (1999) 29-39
    • (1999) Journal of Advertising , vol.27 , Issue.4 , pp. 29-39
    • Ellen, P.S.1    Bone, P.F.2
  • 28
    • 47949103721 scopus 로고
    • The critical incident technique
    • Flanagan J.C. The critical incident technique. Psychological Bulletin 51 4 (1954) 327-358
    • (1954) Psychological Bulletin , vol.51 , Issue.4 , pp. 327-358
    • Flanagan, J.C.1
  • 29
    • 33746882673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forseter, M., 2000. The Roper Starch report. Discount Store News, ABI/INFORM Global, pp. 49-56.
  • 30
    • 0031234432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The emotional texture of consumer environments: A systematic approach to atmospherics
    • Foxall G.R. The emotional texture of consumer environments: A systematic approach to atmospherics. Journal of Economic Psychology 18 (1997) 502-523
    • (1997) Journal of Economic Psychology , vol.18 , pp. 502-523
    • Foxall, G.R.1
  • 31
    • 0033211518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consumers' emotional responses to service environments
    • Foxall G.R., and Greenley G.E. Consumers' emotional responses to service environments. Journal of Business Research 46 (1999) 149-158
    • (1999) Journal of Business Research , vol.46 , pp. 149-158
    • Foxall, G.R.1    Greenley, G.E.2
  • 32
    • 0034095644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting and explaining responses to consumer environments: an empirical test and theoretical extension of the behavioural perspective model
    • Foxall G.R., and Greenley G.E. Predicting and explaining responses to consumer environments: an empirical test and theoretical extension of the behavioural perspective model. The Service Industries Journal 20 2 (2000) 39-63
    • (2000) The Service Industries Journal , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 39-63
    • Foxall, G.R.1    Greenley, G.E.2
  • 33
    • 11244258567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Situational influences on consumer' attitudes and behaviour
    • Foxall G.R., and Yani-de-Soriano M.M. Situational influences on consumer' attitudes and behaviour. Journal of Business Research 58 (2003) 518-525
    • (2003) Journal of Business Research , vol.58 , pp. 518-525
    • Foxall, G.R.1    Yani-de-Soriano, M.M.2
  • 34
    • 0041874125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The semiotics of consumer spaces: the growing importance of themed environment
    • Sherry J.F. (Ed), NTC Business Books, Chicago
    • Gottdiener M. The semiotics of consumer spaces: the growing importance of themed environment. In: Sherry J.F. (Ed). Servicescapes: The Concept of Place in Contemporary Markets (1998), NTC Business Books, Chicago 29-54
    • (1998) Servicescapes: The Concept of Place in Contemporary Markets , pp. 29-54
    • Gottdiener, M.1
  • 35
    • 0002273385 scopus 로고
    • Time scarcity: interdisciplinary perspectives and implications for consumer behaviour
    • Gross B.L., and Sheth J. Time scarcity: interdisciplinary perspectives and implications for consumer behaviour. Journal of Marketing Research 53 October (1989) 76-83
    • (1989) Journal of Marketing Research , vol.53 , Issue.October , pp. 76-83
    • Gross, B.L.1    Sheth, J.2
  • 38
    • 0002020889 scopus 로고
    • Hedonic consumption: emerging concepts, methods and propositions
    • Hirschman E.C., and Holbrook M.B. Hedonic consumption: emerging concepts, methods and propositions. Journal of Marketing 46 3 (1982) 92-101
    • (1982) Journal of Marketing , vol.46 , Issue.3 , pp. 92-101
    • Hirschman, E.C.1    Holbrook, M.B.2
  • 39
    • 33644614318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospherics, service encounters and consumer decision making: an integrative perspective
    • Hoffman K.D., and Turley L.W. Atmospherics, service encounters and consumer decision making: an integrative perspective. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice 10 3 Summer (2002) 33-47
    • (2002) Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice , vol.10 , Issue.3 Summer , pp. 33-47
    • Hoffman, K.D.1    Turley, L.W.2
  • 40
    • 0002583517 scopus 로고
    • The nature of customer value: an axiology of services in the consumption experience
    • Rust R.T., and Oliver R.L. (Eds), Sage, Newbury Park, CA
    • Holbrook M.B. The nature of customer value: an axiology of services in the consumption experience. In: Rust R.T., and Oliver R.L. (Eds). Service Quality: New Directions in Theory and Practice (1994), Sage, Newbury Park, CA 21-71
    • (1994) Service Quality: New Directions in Theory and Practice , pp. 21-71
    • Holbrook, M.B.1
  • 41
    • 0001909504 scopus 로고
    • Quality and value in the consumption experience: phaedrus rides again
    • Jacoby J., and Olson J.C. (Eds), Heath, Lexington, MA
    • Holbrook M.B., and Corfman K.P. Quality and value in the consumption experience: phaedrus rides again. In: Jacoby J., and Olson J.C. (Eds). Perceived Quality: How Consumers View Stores and Merchandise (1985), Heath, Lexington, MA 31-57
    • (1985) Perceived Quality: How Consumers View Stores and Merchandise , pp. 31-57
    • Holbrook, M.B.1    Corfman, K.P.2
  • 42
    • 0002126713 scopus 로고
    • The experiential aspects of consumption: Consumer fantasies, feelings and fun
    • Holbrook M.B., and Hirschman E.C. The experiential aspects of consumption: Consumer fantasies, feelings and fun. Journal of Consumer Research 9 (1982) 132-140
    • (1982) Journal of Consumer Research , vol.9 , pp. 132-140
    • Holbrook, M.B.1    Hirschman, E.C.2
  • 43
    • 18844369553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A factor analytic study of the sources of meaning in hedonic consumption
    • Hopkinson G.C., and Pujari D. A factor analytic study of the sources of meaning in hedonic consumption. European Journal of Marketing 33 3 (1999) 273-294
    • (1999) European Journal of Marketing , vol.33 , Issue.3 , pp. 273-294
    • Hopkinson, G.C.1    Pujari, D.2
  • 44
    • 33746930107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of entertaining shopping experiences and their link to consumer behaviour: Case studies of shopping centres in Singapore
    • Ibrahim M.F., and Ng C.W. Determinants of entertaining shopping experiences and their link to consumer behaviour: Case studies of shopping centres in Singapore. Journal of Retail & Leisure Property 2 4 (2002) 338-357
    • (2002) Journal of Retail & Leisure Property , vol.2 , Issue.4 , pp. 338-357
    • Ibrahim, M.F.1    Ng, C.W.2
  • 45
    • 33746875427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of entertainment in the shopping center experience: evidence from Singapore
    • Ibrahim M.F., and Ng C.W. The importance of entertainment in the shopping center experience: evidence from Singapore. Journal of Real Estate Portofolio Management 8 3 (2002) 239-254
    • (2002) Journal of Real Estate Portofolio Management , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 239-254
    • Ibrahim, M.F.1    Ng, C.W.2
  • 46
    • 0037578098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Entertaining shopping experiences: an exploratory investigation
    • Jones M.A. Entertaining shopping experiences: an exploratory investigation. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 6 (1999) 129-139
    • (1999) Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services , vol.6 , pp. 129-139
    • Jones, M.A.1
  • 47
    • 0031229623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An investigation of positive affect, prosocial behaviours and service quality
    • Kelley S.W., and Hoffman K.D. An investigation of positive affect, prosocial behaviours and service quality. Journal of Retailing 73 3 (1997) 407-427
    • (1997) Journal of Retailing , vol.73 , Issue.3 , pp. 407-427
    • Kelley, S.W.1    Hoffman, K.D.2
  • 48
    • 33746869153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experiential retailing: an interdisciplinary approach to success in domestic and international retailing
    • Kim Y.-K. Experiential retailing: an interdisciplinary approach to success in domestic and international retailing. Journal of Consumer Services 8 (2001) 287-289
    • (2001) Journal of Consumer Services , vol.8 , pp. 287-289
    • Kim, Y.-K.1
  • 49
    • 0001943906 scopus 로고
    • Atmospherics as a marketing tool
    • Kotler P. Atmospherics as a marketing tool. Journal of Retailing 49 4 (1973) 48
    • (1973) Journal of Retailing , vol.49 , Issue.4 , pp. 48
    • Kotler, P.1
  • 50
    • 33746890397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Making shopping fun
    • Kruger R.M. Making shopping fun. Retail Merchandiser 41 9 (2001) 14-16
    • (2001) Retail Merchandiser , vol.41 , Issue.9 , pp. 14-16
    • Kruger, R.M.1
  • 53
    • 0009174729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An American century of retailing
    • Mahler D.Q. An American century of retailing. Chain Store Age (2000) 44-51
    • (2000) Chain Store Age , pp. 44-51
    • Mahler, D.Q.1
  • 54
    • 0001836426 scopus 로고
    • The personality of the retail store
    • Martineau P. The personality of the retail store. Harvard Business Review 36 (1958) 47-55
    • (1958) Harvard Business Review , vol.36 , pp. 47-55
    • Martineau, P.1
  • 55
    • 0002741793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experiential value: conceptualization, measurement and application in the catalog and internet shopping environment
    • Mathwick C., Malhotra N., and Rigdon E. Experiential value: conceptualization, measurement and application in the catalog and internet shopping environment. Journal of Retailing 77 (2001) 39-56
    • (2001) Journal of Retailing , vol.77 , pp. 39-56
    • Mathwick, C.1    Malhotra, N.2    Rigdon, E.3
  • 57
    • 0003586458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cornell University Press, New York
    • Miller D. A Theory of Shopping (1998), Cornell University Press, New York
    • (1998) A Theory of Shopping
    • Miller, D.1
  • 58
    • 0002402225 scopus 로고
    • Using background music to affect the behaviour of supermarket shoppers
    • Milliman R.E. Using background music to affect the behaviour of supermarket shoppers. Journal of Marketing 46 (1982) 86-91
    • (1982) Journal of Marketing , vol.46 , pp. 86-91
    • Milliman, R.E.1
  • 59
    • 33746898065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retail store design
    • Mintel. Retail store design. Retail Intelligence August (1999) 1-112
    • (1999) Retail Intelligence , Issue.August , pp. 1-112
    • Mintel1
  • 60
    • 0038083877 scopus 로고
    • Consumers shopping effort and evaluation of store image attributes: the roles of purchasing involvement and recreational shopping interest
    • Ohanian R., and Tashchian A. Consumers shopping effort and evaluation of store image attributes: the roles of purchasing involvement and recreational shopping interest. Journal of Applied Business Research 8 (1992) 40-51
    • (1992) Journal of Applied Business Research , vol.8 , pp. 40-51
    • Ohanian, R.1    Tashchian, A.2
  • 62
    • 4644349461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Co-creation experiences: the next practice in value creation
    • Prahalad C.K., and Ramaswamy V. Co-creation experiences: the next practice in value creation. Journal of Interactive Marketing 18 3 (2004) 5-14
    • (2004) Journal of Interactive Marketing , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 5-14
    • Prahalad, C.K.1    Ramaswamy, V.2
  • 64
    • 4244045778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • te Neues Publishing Company, New York
    • Riewoldt O. Retail Design (2000), te Neues Publishing Company, New York
    • (2000) Retail Design
    • Riewoldt, O.1
  • 65
    • 33746923319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data, New York
    • Schmitt B.H. Experiential Marketing (1999), Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data, New York
    • (1999) Experiential Marketing
    • Schmitt, B.H.1
  • 68
    • 0031188711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Store environment and consumer purchase behaviour: mediating role of consumer emotions
    • Sherman E., Mathur A., and Smith R.B. Store environment and consumer purchase behaviour: mediating role of consumer emotions. Psychology & Marketing 14 (1997) 361-378
    • (1997) Psychology & Marketing , vol.14 , pp. 361-378
    • Sherman, E.1    Mathur, A.2    Smith, R.B.3
  • 69
    • 0005587889 scopus 로고
    • Mood states of shoppers and store image: promising interactions and possible behavioural effect
    • Sherman E., and Smith R.B. Mood states of shoppers and store image: promising interactions and possible behavioural effect. Advances in Consumer Research 14 1 (1987) 251-254
    • (1987) Advances in Consumer Research , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 251-254
    • Sherman, E.1    Smith, R.B.2
  • 72
  • 73
    • 0030558439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving the store environment: do olfactory cues affect evaluations and behaviours?
    • Spangenberg E.R., Crowley A.E., and Henderson P.W. Improving the store environment: do olfactory cues affect evaluations and behaviours?. Journal of Marketing 60 2 (1996) 67-80
    • (1996) Journal of Marketing , vol.60 , Issue.2 , pp. 67-80
    • Spangenberg, E.R.1    Crowley, A.E.2    Henderson, P.W.3
  • 74
    • 0001282193 scopus 로고
    • Customer service in retailing-the next leap forward?
    • Sparks L. Customer service in retailing-the next leap forward?. Service Industries Journal 12 (1992) 165-184
    • (1992) Service Industries Journal , vol.12 , pp. 165-184
    • Sparks, L.1
  • 77
    • 21144480121 scopus 로고
    • The effects of mood, involvement and quality of store experience on shopping intentions
    • Swinyard W.R. The effects of mood, involvement and quality of store experience on shopping intentions. Journal of Consumer Research 20 September (1993) 271-280
    • (1993) Journal of Consumer Research , vol.20 , Issue.September , pp. 271-280
    • Swinyard, W.R.1
  • 78
    • 0141518323 scopus 로고
    • The impact of shopper mood and retail salesperson credibility on shopper attitudes and behaviour
    • Swinyard W.R. The impact of shopper mood and retail salesperson credibility on shopper attitudes and behaviour. International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research 54 4 (1995) 488-503
    • (1995) International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research , vol.54 , Issue.4 , pp. 488-503
    • Swinyard, W.R.1
  • 79
    • 0002309578 scopus 로고
    • Why do people shop?
    • Tauber E.M. Why do people shop?. Marketing Management 4 2 (1995) 58-60
    • (1995) Marketing Management , vol.4 , Issue.2 , pp. 58-60
    • Tauber, E.M.1
  • 80
    • 0034239366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric effects on shopping behaviour: a review of the experimental evidence
    • Turley L.W., and Milliman R.E. Atmospheric effects on shopping behaviour: a review of the experimental evidence. Journal of Business Research 49 2 (2000) 193-211
    • (2000) Journal of Business Research , vol.49 , Issue.2 , pp. 193-211
    • Turley, L.W.1    Milliman, R.E.2
  • 81
    • 0032162231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excitement at the mall: determinants and effects on shopping response
    • Wakefield K.L., and Baker J. Excitement at the mall: determinants and effects on shopping response. Journal of Retailing 74 4 (1998) 515-539
    • (1998) Journal of Retailing , vol.74 , Issue.4 , pp. 515-539
    • Wakefield, K.L.1    Baker, J.2
  • 82
    • 51249177158 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral characteristics of the recreational shopper and implications for retail management
    • Williams T., Slama M., and Rogers J. Behavioral characteristics of the recreational shopper and implications for retail management. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 13 3 (1985) 307-316
    • (1985) Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 307-316
    • Williams, T.1    Slama, M.2    Rogers, J.3
  • 83
    • 0010813018 scopus 로고
    • From the consumption of necessities to experience-seeking consumption
    • Grunnert C., and Öhlander F. (Eds), Cluver Academic Publishers
    • Wikström S., Elg U., and Johansson U. From the consumption of necessities to experience-seeking consumption. In: Grunnert C., and Öhlander F. (Eds). Understanding Economic Behavior (1989), Cluver Academic Publishers 287-308
    • (1989) Understanding Economic Behavior , pp. 287-308
    • Wikström, S.1    Elg, U.2    Johansson, U.3
  • 84
    • 0002774216 scopus 로고
    • Effects of store music on shopping behaviour
    • Yalch R.F., and Spangenberg E. Effects of store music on shopping behaviour. Journal of Consumer Marketing 7 Spring (1990) 55-63
    • (1990) Journal of Consumer Marketing , vol.7 , Issue.Spring , pp. 55-63
    • Yalch, R.F.1    Spangenberg, E.2
  • 85
    • 0034238806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of music in a retail setting on real and perceived shopping times
    • Yalch R.F., and Spangenberg E.R. The effects of music in a retail setting on real and perceived shopping times. Journal of Business Research 49 (2000) 139-147
    • (2000) Journal of Business Research , vol.49 , pp. 139-147
    • Yalch, R.F.1    Spangenberg, E.R.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.