Role of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Adult Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in the Imatinib Era

Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation

Volumn 12, Issue 8, 2006, Pages 795-807

  Grigg, Andrew ^a   Hughes, Timothy ^b  

^a ROYAL MELBOURNE HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^b INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND VETERINARY SCIENCE   (Australia)

Author keywords

Allograft; Chronic myeloid leukemia; Imatinib; Kinase inhibitors

Indexed keywords

ABELSON KINASE; ALPHA INTERFERON; BCR ABL PROTEIN; BUSULFAN; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; CYTARABINE; DASATINIB; FLUDARABINE; GRANULOCYTE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR; HLA ANTIGEN; HOMOHARRINGTONINE; HYDROXYUREA; IMATINIB; NILOTINIB; PROTEIN KINASE INHIBITOR;

ACCURACY; ALLOGENEIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; ALLOTRANSPLANTATION; AUTOGRAFT; AZOOSPERMIA; BRAIN EDEMA; CANCER MORTALITY; CANCER REGRESSION; CANCER RELAPSE; CANCER SURVIVAL; CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA; CLINICAL TRIAL; CRYOPRESERVATION; CYTOGENETICS; DISEASE FREE SURVIVAL; DONOR; DONOR SELECTION; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG POTENCY; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; GRAFT VERSUS HOST REACTION; GRAFT VERSUS LYMPHOMA EFFECT; HEART TAMPONADE; HLA MATCHING; HUMAN; INDIVIDUALIZATION; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; ISOGRAFT; KIDNEY FAILURE; LEUKOCYTE TRANSFUSION; LIVER NECROSIS; MEDICAL DECISION MAKING; NONMYELOABLATIVE STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; OVERALL SURVIVAL; PATIENT MONITORING; PATIENT SELECTION; PERICARDIAL EFFUSION; PERIORBITAL EDEMA; PERIPHERAL BLOOD STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; PHILADELPHIA 1 CHROMOSOME; PLEURA EFFUSION; PNEUMONIA; PREDICTION; PROGNOSIS; QUALITY OF LIFE; REDUCED INTENSITY CONDITIONING; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; SAFETY; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; SKIN DISEASE; SPERM PRESERVATION; STEM CELL MOBILIZATION; TERATOGENICITY; TREATMENT OUTCOME; WHOLE BODY RADIATION;

ADULT; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 21ST CENTURY; HUMANS; LEUKEMIA, MYELOGENOUS, CHRONIC, BCR-ABL POSITIVE; LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC; PIPERAZINES; PROTEIN KINASE INHIBITORS; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-ABL; PYRIMIDINES; STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; TRANSPLANTATION, HOMOLOGOUS;

EID: 33746086705     PISSN: 10838791     EISSN: 15236536     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2006.03.012     Document Type: Review

References (96)

1. Radich J.P., Gooley T., Bensinger W.C., et al. HLA-matched related hematopoietic cell transplantation for chronic phase CML using a targeted busulfan and cyclophosphamide preparative regimen. Blood 102 (2003) 31-35
2. Goldman J.M., Rizzo J.D., Sobocinski K.A., et al. Long-term outcome after allogeneic stem cell transplantation for CML. [abstract]. Hematol J. 5 (2004) S89-S109 Abstract 266.
3. Higano C.S., Chielens D., Raskind W., et al. Use of α-2a-interferon to treated cytogenetic relapse of chronic myeloid leukemia after marrow transplantation. Blood 90 (1997) 2554-2954
4. Mackinnon S. Who may benefit from donor leucocyte infusions after allogeneic stem cell transplantation?. Br J Haematol. 110 (2000) 2-17
5. Kantarjian H.M., O'Brien S., Cortes J.E., et al. Imatinib mesylate therapy for relapse after allogeneic stem cell transplantation for chronic myelogenous leukemia. Blood 100 (2002) 1590-1595
6. DeAngelo D.J., Hochberg E.P., Alyea E.P., et al. Extended follow-up of patients treated with imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) for chronic myelogenous leukemia relapse after allogeneic transplantation. durable cytogenetic remission and conversion to complete donor chimerism without graft versus host disease. Clin Cancer Res. 10 (2004) 5065-5071
7. Hess G., Bunjes D., Siegert W., et al. Sustained complete molecular remissions after treatment with imatinib-mesylate in patients with failure after allogeneic stem cell transplantation for chronic myelogenous leukemia. results of a prospective phase II open-label multicenter study. J Clin Oncol. 23 (2005) 7583-7593
8. Olavarria E., Kanfer E., Szydlo R., et al. Early detection of BCR-ABL transcripts by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction predicts outcome after allogeneic stem cell transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia. Blood 97 (2001) 1560-1565
9. Weisdorf D.J., Anasetti C., Antin J.H., et al. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for chronic myelogenous leukemia, comparative analysis of unrelated versus matched sibling donor transplantation. Blood 99 (2002) 1971-1977
10. Mickelson E., Petersdorf E., and Hansen J. HLA matching and hematopoietic cell transplant outcome. Clin Transpl. (2002) 263-271
11. Hansen J.A., Gooley T.A., Martin P.J., et al. Bone marrow transplants from unrelated donors for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med. 338 (1998) 962-968
12. Gratwohl A., Hermans J., Goldman J.M., et al. Risk assessment for patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia before allogeneic blood or marrow transplantation. Lancet 352 (1998) 1087-1092
13. Passweg J.R., Walker I., Sobocinski K.A., et al. Validation and extension of the EBMT risk score for patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) receiving allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplants. Br J Haematol. 125 (2004) 613-620
14. Clift R.A., Radich J., Appelbaum F.R., et al. Long term follow-up of a randomized study comparing cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation with busulfan and cyclophosphamide for patients receiving allogeneic marrow transplants during chronic phase of chronic myeloid leukemia. Blood 44 (1999) 3960-3962
15. Elmaagacli A.H., Beelen D.W., Opalka B., et al. The risk of residual molecular and cytogenetic disease in patients with Philadelphia-chromosome positive first chronic phase chronic myelogenous leukemia is reduced after transplantation of allogeneic peripheral blood stem cells compared with bone marrow. Blood 94 (1999) 384-389
16. Oehler V.G., Radich J.P., Storer B., et al. Randomized trial of allogeneic related bone marrow transplantation versus peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 11 (2005) 85-92
17. Stem Cell Trialists' Collaborative Group. Allogeneic peripheral blood stem-cell compared with bone marrow transplantation in the management of hematologic malignancies, an individual patient data meta-analysis of nine randomized trials. J Clin Oncol. 23 (2005) 5074-5087
18. Chiodi S., Spinelli S., Ravera G., et al. Quality of life in 244 recipients of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Br J Haematol. 110 (2000) 614-619
19. Gratwohl A., Brand R., Apperley J., et al. Graft-versus-host disease and outcome in HLA-identical sibling transplantations for chronic myeloid leukemia. Blood 100 (2002) 3877-3886
20. Or R., Shapira M.Y., Resnick I., et al. Nonmyeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia in first chronic phase. Blood 101 (2003) 441-445
21. Mielcarek M., Martin P.J., Leisenring W., et al. Graft versus host disease after nonmyeloablative versus conventional hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Blood 102 (2003) 756-762
22. Kerbauy F.R., Storb R., Hegenbart U., et al. Hematopoietic cell transplantation from HLA-identical sibling donors after low-dose radiation-based conditioning for treatment of CML. Leukemia. 19 (2005) 990-997
23. Sloand E., Childs R.W., Solomon S., et al. The graft versus leukemia effect of nonmyeloablative stem cell allografts may not be sufficient to cure chronic myelogenous leukemia. Bone Marrow Transplant. 32 (2003) 897-901
24. Crawley C., Szydio R., Lalancette M., et al. Outcomes of reduced-intensity transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia. an analysis of prognostic factors from the chronic leukemia working party of the EBMT. Blood 106 (2005) 2969-2976
25. Carella M., Lerma E., Corsetti M.T., et al. Autografting with Philadelphia chromosome negative mobilized hematopoietic progenitor cells in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Blood 93 (1999) 1534-1539
26. Koziner B., Dengra C., Lucero G., et al. Autologous stem cell transplantation for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Cancer 95 (2002) 2339-2345
27. Hui C.H., Goh K.Y., White D., et al. Successful peripheral blood stem cell mobilisation with filgrastim in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia achieving complete cytogenetic response with imatinib, without increasing disease burden as measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Leukemia. 17 (2003) 821-828
28. Simonsson B. Beneficial effects of cytogenetic and molecular response on long-term outcome in patients with newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CML-CP) treated with imatinib (IM). update from the IRIS Study. [abstract]. Blood 106 (2005) 166
29. Branford S., Rudzki Z., Grigg A., et al. BCR-ABL levels continue to decrease up to 42 months after commencement of standard dose imatinib in patients with newly diagnosed chronic phase CML who achieve a major molecular response. [abstract]. Blood 104 (2004) 279
30. Branford S., Rudzki Z., Grigg A., et al. The frequency of detection of BCR-ABL mutations in imatinib treated patients with chronic phase CML who attain a complete cytogenetic response (CCR) does not diminish with increasing duration of CCR but the associated loss of response is usually gradual. [abstract]. Blood 104 (2004) 273
31. Kantarjian H.M., Talpaz M., O'Brien S., et al. High-dose imatinib mesylate therapy in newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Blood 103 (2004) 2873-2878
32. Hughes T., Branford S., Reynolds J., et al. Higher dose imatinib (600mg/day) with selective intensification in newly diagnosed CML patient in chronic phase; cytogenetic response rates at 12 months are superior to IRIS. [abstract]. Blood 104 (2004) 1001
33. Anstrom K.J., Reed S.D., Allen A.S., et al. Long term survival estimates for imatinib versus interferon-α plus low-dose cytarabine for patients with newly diagnosed chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Cancer 101 (2004) 2584-2592
34. Lange T., Bumm T., Mueller M., et al. Durability of molecular remission in chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated with imatinib vs allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Leukemia. 19 (2005) 1262-1265
35. Graham S.M., Jergensen H.G., Allan E., et al. Primitive, quiescent, Philadelphia-positive stem cells from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia are insensitive to STI571 in vitro. Blood 99 (2002) 319-325
36. Holtz M.S., and Bhatia R. Effect of imatinib mesylate on chronic myelogenous leukemia hematopoietic progenitor cells. Leuk Lymphoma. 45 (2004) 237-245
37. Medina J., Kantarjian H., Talpaz M., et al. Chromosomal abnormalities in Philadelphia chromosome-negative metaphases appearing during imatinib mesylate therapy in patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia in chronic phase. Cancer 98 (2003) 1905-1911
38. O'Shea D., Crotty G., Carroll P., et al. Clonal karyotypic abnormalities in Philadelphia negative cells of CML patients treated with imatinib, is it under-reported and does it have any clinical significance?. Br J Haematol. 127 (2004) 360-369
39. Kovitz G.A., Kantarjian H.M., Garcia-Manero G., et al. Secondary leukemia after imatinib mesylate (IM) therapy for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). [abstract]. Blood 106 (2005) 4862
40. Hayden P.J., Keogh F., NiConghaile M., et al. A single centre assessment of long term quality of life status after sibling allogeneic stem cell transplantation for chronic myeloid leukaemia in first chronic phase. Bone Marrow Transplant. 34 (2004) 545-556
41. Hahn E.A., Glendenning G.A., Sorensen M.V., et al. Quality of life in patients with newly diagnosed chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia on imatinib versus interferon alfa plus low-dose cytarabine. results from the IRIS study. J Clin Oncol. 21 (2003) 2138-2146
42. Grimison P., Goldstein D., Schneeweiss J., et al. Corticosteroid-responsive interstitial pneumonitis related to imatinib mesylate with successful rechallenge, and potential causative mechanisms. Int Med J. 35 (2005) 136-139
43. Sanchez-Gonzalez B., Pascual-Ramirez J.C., Fernandez-Abellan P., et al. Severe skin reaction to imatinib in a case of Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 101 (2003) 2446
44. Pou M., Saval N., Vera M., et al. Acute renal failure secondary to imatinib mesylate treatment in chronic myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma. 44 (2003) 1239-1241
45. Lin N.U., Sarantopoulos S., Stone J.R., et al. Fatal hepatic necrosis following imatinib mesylate therapy. Blood 102 (2003) 3455-3456
46. Breccia M., D'Elia G.M., D'Andrea M., et al. Pleural-pericardic effusion as uncommon complication in CML patients treated with imatinib. Eur J Haematol. 74 (2005) 89-90
47. Barton J.C., Jones S.C., Lamberth W.C., et al. Cardiac tamponade associated with imatinib mesylate therapy of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Am J Hematol. 71 (2002) 139-140
48. Ebnoether M., Stenoft J., Ford J., et al. Cerebral oedema as a possible complication of treatment with imatinib. Lancet 359 (2002) 1751-1752
49. Esmaeli B., Pireto V.G., Butler C.E., et al. Severe periorbital edema secondary to STI571 (Gleevec). Cancer 95 (2001) 881-887
50. Grigg A.P., Szer J., Zajac J., and McClachlan R. Reproductive status in long term bone marrow transplant survivors receiving busulfan-cyclophosphamide (120mg/kg). Bone Marrow Transplant. 6 (2002) 1089-1095
51. Seshadri T., McArthur G.A., and Seymour J.F. Oligospermia in a patient receiving imatinib therapy for the hypereosinophilic syndrome. N Engl J Med. 351 (2004) 2134-2135
52. Hensley M.L., and Ford J.M. Imatinib treatment. specific issues related to safety, fertility and pregnancy. Semin Hematol. 40 (2003) 21-25
53. Ault P., Kantarjian H., O'Brien S., et al. Pregnancy among patients with chronic myeloid leukemia treated with imatinib. J Clin Oncol. 24 (2006) 1204-1208
54. Choudhary D.R., Mishra P., Kumar R., et al. Pregnancy on imatinib. fatal outcome with meningocele. Ann Oncol. 17 (2006) 178-179
55. O'Brien S.G., Guilhot F., Larson R.A., et al. Imatinib compared with interferon and low dose cytarabine for newly diagnosed chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med. 348 (2003) 994-1004
56. Hughes T.P., Kaeda J., Branford S., et al. Frequency of major molecular responses to imatinib or interferon alfa plus cytarabine in newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med. 349 (2003) 1421-1430
57. White D., Saunders V., Lyons A.B., et al. In-vitro sensitivity to imatinib-induced inhibition of ABL kinase activity is predictive of molecular response in de-novo CML patients. Blood 206 (2005) 2520-2526
58. Huntly B.J.P., Giulhot F., Reid A.G., et al. Imatinib improves but may not fully reverse the poor prognosis of patients with CML with derivative chromosome 9 deletions. Blood 102 (2003) 2205-2212
59. Quintas-Cardama A., Kantarjian H., Talpaz M., et al. Imatinib mesylate therapy may overcome the poor prognostic significance of deletions of derivative chromosome 9 in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Blood 105 (2005) 2281-2286
60. Lundan T., Volin L., Ruutu T., et al. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation reverses the poor prognosis of CML patients with deletions in derivative chromosome 9. Leukemia. 19 (2005) 138-140
61. Deininger M.W. Chronic myeloid leukaemia. management of early stage disease. Hematology (2005) 174-182
62. Guilhot F. Sustained durability of response plus high rates of cytogenetic responses result in long-term benefit for newly diagnosed chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML-CP) treated with imatinib (IM) therapy. update from the IRIS study. [abstract]. Blood 104 (2004) 21
63. Kantarjian H.M., Talpaz M., O'Brien S., et al. Dose escalation of imatinib mesylate can overcome resistance to standard dose therapy in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Blood 101 (2003) 473-475
64. Marin D., Goldman J.M., Olavaria E., et al. Transient benefit only from increasing the imatinib dose in CML patients who do not achieve complete cytogenetic remissions on conventional doses. Blood 102 (2003) 2702-2703
65. Zonder J.A., Pemberton P., Brandt H., et al. The effect of dose increase of imatinib mesylate in patients with chronic or accelerated phase chronic myelogenous leukemia with inadequate hematologic or cytogenetic response to initial treatment. Clin Cancer Res. 9 (2003) 2092-2097
66. Branford S., Rudzki Z., Parkinson I., et al. Real time quantitative PCR analysis can be used as a primary screen to identify patients with CML treated with imatinib who have BCR-ABL kinase domain mutations. Blood 104 (2004) 2926-2932
67. Hochhaus A., Ernst T., Erben P., et al. Long term observation of CML patients after imatinib resistance associated with BCR-ABL mutations. [abstract]. Blood 106 (2005) 1086
68. Gore M.E., Mohammed M., Ellwood K., et al. Clinical resistance to STI-571 cancer therapy caused by BCR-ABL gene mutation or amplification. Science 293 (2001) 876-880
69. Jabbour E., Cortes J., Talpaz M., et al. Correlation of clinical response to dasatinib (BMS-354825) with BCR-ABL mutation status in imatinib-resistant patients (pts) which chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treated at MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC). [abstract]. Blood 106 (2005) 1091
70. Branford S., Rudzki Z., Walsh S., et al. Detection of BCR-ABL mutations in patients with CML treated with imatinib is virtually always accompanied by clinical resistance, and mutations in the ATP phosphate-binding loop (P-loop) are associated with a poor prognosis. Blood 102 (2003) 276-283
71. Corbin A.S., La Rosee P., Stoffregen E.P., et al. Several Bcr-Abl kinase domain mutants associated with imatinib mesylate resistance remain sensitive to imatinib. Blood 101 (2003) 4611-4614
72. Soverini S., Martinelli G., Rosti G., et al. ABL mutations in late chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia patients with up-front cytogenetic resistance to imatinib are associated with a greater likelihood of progression to blast crisis and shorter survival, a study by the GIMEMA Working Party on chronic myeloid leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 23 (2005) 4100-4107
73. Shah N.P., Tran C., Lee F.Y., et al. Overriding imatinib resistance with a novel ABL kinase inhibitor. Science 305 (2004) 399-401
74. Sawyers C.L., Kantarjian H., Shah N., et al. Dasatinib (BMS-354825) in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and Philadelphia-chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (PH+ ALL) who are resistant or intolerant to imatinib. update of a phase 1 study. [abstract]. Blood 106 (2005) 38
75. Branford S., Hughes T., Nicoll J., et al. Major molecular responses to dasatinib (BMS-354825) are observed in imatinib-resistant late stage chronic and advanced CML patients. impact and fate of imatinib-resistant clones in dasatinib-treated patients. [abstract]. Blood 106 (2005) 437
76. Copland M., Hamilton A., Baird J.W., et al. Dasatinib (BMS-354825) has increased activity against bcr-abl compared to imatinib in primary CML cells in vitro, but does not eradicate quiescent CML stem cells. [abstract]. Blood 106 (2005) 695
77. + ALL). [abstract]. Blood 106 (2005) 37
78. Oehler V.G., Gooley T., Snyder D.S., et al. A retrospective study of patients treated with imatinib mesylate prior to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. [abstract]. Blood 104 (2004) 2752
79. Kantarjian H.M., Cortes J., O'Brien S., et al. Long-term survival Benefit and improved complete cytogenetic and molecular response rates with imatinib mesylate in Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia after failure of interferon-α. Blood 104 (2004) 1979-1988
80. Marin D., Marktel S., Szydlo R., et al. Survival of patients with chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukaemia on imatinib after failure on interferon alfa. Lancet 362 (2003) 617-619
81. Matsui W., Angstreich G.R., Vala M.S., et al. Chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells and their differentiated progeny display divergent drug sensitivities to imatinib mesylate and interferon-alpha. [abstract]. Blood 104 (2004) 1996
82. Marin D., Kaeda J.S., Andreasson C., et al. Phase I/II trial of adding semisynthetic homoharringtonine in chronic myeloid leukemia patients who have achieved partial or complete cytogenetic response on imatinib. Cancer 103 (2005) 1850-1855
83. Petersdorf E.W., Kollman C., Hurley C.K., et al. Effect of HLA class II gene disparity on clinical outcome in unrelated donor hematopoietic cell transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia. the US national marrow donor program experience. Blood 98 (2001) 2922-2929
84. Kollman C., Howe C.W.S., Anasetti C., et al. Donor characteristics as risk factors in recipients after transplantation of bone marrow from unrelated donors. the effect of donor age. Blood 98 (2001) 2043-2051
85. Druker B.J., Gathmann I., Bolton A.E., et al. Probability and impact of obtaining a cytogenetic response to imatinib as initial therapy for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in chronic phase. [abstract]. Blood 102 (2003) 634
86. Alyea E.P., Kim H.T., Ho V., et al. Comparative outcome of nonmyeloablative and myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for patients older than 50 years of age. Blood 105 (2005) 1810-1814
87. Kantarjian H., Talpaz M., O'Brien S., et al. Survival benefit with imatinib mesylate therapy in patients with accelerated-phase chronic myelogenous leukemia - comparison with historic experience. Cancer 103 (2005) 2099-2108
88. Talpaz M., Silver R.T., Druker B.J., et al. Imatinib induces durable haematological and cytogenetic responses in patients with accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukemia. results of a phase 2 study. Blood 89 (2005) 1928-1937
89. O'Dwyer M.E., Mauro M.J., Kurilik G., et al. The impact of clonal evolution on response to imatinib mesylate (STI571) in accelerated phase CML. Blood 100 (2002) 1628-1633
90. Sawyers C.L., Hochhaus A., Feldman E., et al. Imatinib induces hematologic and cytogenetic responses in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia in myeloid blast crisis. results of a phase II study. Blood 99 (2002) 3530-3538
91. Kantarjian H.M., Cortes J., and O'Brien S. Imatinib mesylate (STI571) therapy for Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast phase. Blood 99 (2002) 3547-3553
92. Visani G., Rosti G., Bandini G., et al. Second chronic phase before transplantation is crucial for improving survival of blastic phase chronic myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol. 109 (2000) 722-728
93. Gale R.P., Horowitz M.M., and Ash R.C. Identical-twin bone marrow transplants for leukemia. Ann Intern Med. 120 (1994) 646-652
94. Adams K.M., Holmberg L.A., Leisenring W., et al. Risk factors for syngeneic graft versus host disease after adult hematopoietic cell transplantation. Blood 104 (2004) 1894-1897
95. Kim D.W., Chung Y.J., Lee S., et al. Pretransplant imatinib can improve the outcome of nonmyeloablative stem cell transplantation without increasing the morbidity in Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myeloid leukemia. Leukemia. 18 (2004) 1907-1909
96. Champlin R., Ghosh S., McCormick G., et al. Sequential treatment with reduced intensity allogeneic stem cell transplantation and imatinib for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). [abstract]. Blood 104 (2004) 812