Micronutrients (including zinc) reduce diarrhoea in children: The Pakistan Sprinkles Diarrhoea Study

Archives of Disease in Childhood

Volumn 91, Issue 7, 2006, Pages 573-579

  Sharieff, W ^a   Bhutta, Z ^b   Schauer, C ^c   Tomlinson, G ^d,e   Zlotkin, S ^a  

^a HOSPITAL FOR SICK CHILDREN   (Canada)

^b AGA KHAN UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Pakistan)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^d UNIVERSITY HEALTH NETWORK   (Canada)

^e UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

IRON; TRACE ELEMENT; ZINC;

ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIARRHEA; FEVER; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; INFANT; LACTIC ACID BACTERIUM; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; PAKISTAN; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RACE DIFFERENCE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL;

DIARRHEA, INFANTILE; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC RESEARCH DESIGN; FEMALE; FEVER; GLUCONATES; HUMANS; INFANT; IRON; LACTOBACILLUS ACIDOPHILUS; MALE; MICRONUTRIENTS; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 33745769229     PISSN: 00039888     EISSN: 14682044     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/adc.2005.086199     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Bern C, Martines J, Glass R, et al. The magnitude of the global problem of diarrhoeal disease: a ten-year update. Bull World Health Organ 1992;70:705-14.
2. Yousafzai M, Bhutta Z. Contemporary issues in childhood diarrhoea and malnutrition. Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2000.
3. Guerrant R, Hughes J, Lima N, et al. Diarrhea in developed and developing countries: magnitude, special settings, and etiologies. Rev Infect Dis 1990;12:S41-50.
4. Henry F. The epidemiologic importance of dysentery in communities. Rev Infect Dis 1991;13:S238-44.
5. Bhutta Z, Black R, Brown K, et al. Prevention of diarrhea and pneumonia by zinc supplementation in children in developing countries: pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials. Zinc Investigators' Collaborative Group. J Pediatr 1999;135:689-97.
6. Simakachom N, Pichaipat V, Rithipornpaisarn P, et al. Clinical evaluation of the addition of lyophilized, heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus LB to oral rehydration therapy in the treatment of acute diarrhea in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2000;30:68-72.
7. DuPont H. Prevention of diarrhea by the probiotic, Lactobacillus GG. J Pediatr 1999;134:1-2.
8. Ouwehand AC, Salminen SJ. The effects of cultured milk products with viable and non-viable bacteria. Int Dairy J 1998;8:741-5.
9. Zlotkin S, Arthur P, Antwi K, et al. Treatment of anemia with microencapsulated ferrous fumarate plus ascorbic acid supplied as sprinkles to complementary (weaning) foods. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;74:791-5.
10. Zlotkin S, Antwi K, Schauer C, et al. Use of microencapsulated iron(II) fumarate sprinkles to prevent recurrence of anaemia in infants and young children at high risk. Bull World Health Organ 2003;81:108-15.
11. Zlotkin S, Arthur P, Schauer C, et al. Home-fortification with iron and zinc sprinkles or iron sprinkles alone successfully treats anemia in infants and young children. J Nutr 2003;133:1075-80.
12. Zlotkin S. Current issues for the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anemia. Indian Pediatr 2002;39:125-9.
13. Coconnier MH, Bernet MF, Chauviere G, et al. Adhering heat-killed human Lactobacillus acidophilus, strain LB, inhibits the process of pathogenicity of diarrhoeagenic bacteria in cultured human intestinal cells. J Diarrhoeal Dis Res 1993;11:235-42.
14. Moyen EN, Bonneville F, Fauchere JL. Modification of intestinal colonization and translocation of Campylobacter jejuni by erythromycin and an extract of Lactobacillus acidophilus in axenic mice. Ann Inst Pasteur Microbiol 1986;137A:199-207.
15. Treatment of Diarrhoea at Home. World Health Organisation. http://www.who.int/child-adolescent-health/New_Publications/CHILD_HEALTH/Meded/ 4med.htm (accessed 2 August 2004).
16. Morris S, Cousens S, Kirkwood B, et al. Is prevalence of diarrhea a better predictor of subsequent mortality and weight gain than diarrhea incidence? Am J Epidemiol 1996;144:582-8.
17. Bhutta ZA, Bird SM, Black RE, et al. Therapeutic effects of oral zinc in acute and persistent diarrhea in children in developing countries: pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;72:1516-22.
18. Pelletier D, Frongillo E, Habicht J. Epidemiological evidence for a potentiating effect of malnutrition on child mortality. Am J Public Health 1993;83:1130-3.
19. Semba R. The role of vitamin A and related retinoids in immune function. Nutr Rev 1998;56:S48.
20. Young R, Huffman S. Probiotic use in children. J Pediatr Health Care 2003;17:277-83.
21. Shankar A, Prasad A. Zinc and immune function: the biological basis of altered resistance to infection. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68:447S-63S.
22. WHO/UNICEF Joint Statement. Clinical Management of Acute Diarrhoea (WHO/FCH/CAH/04.7), New York, May 2004. http://www.hernansanz.org/publications/ Diarrhoea_FINAL.pdf (accessed 1 June 2004).
23. Baqui A, Zaman K, Persson L, et al. Simultaneous weekly supplementation of iron and zinc is associated with lower morbidity due to diarrhea and acute lower respiratory infection in Bangladeshi infants. J Nutr 2003;133:4150-7.
24. Kirjavainen P, Salminen S, Isolauri E. Probiotic bacteria in the management of atopic disease: underscoring the importance of viability. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2003;36:223-7.
25. Black R, Brown K, Becker S, et al. Longitudinal studies of infectious diseases and physical growth of children in rural Bangladesh, I. Patterns of morbidity. Am J Epidemiol 1982;115:305-14.
26. Krivel P. A spoonful of 'Sprinkles' helps the medicine go down. The Toronto Star 3 June 2004. http://www.thestar.com/NASApp/cs/ContentServer? pagename=thestar/Layout/Article_Type1&call_pageid=971358637177&c= Article&cid=1086086012442 (accessed 16 June 2004).
27. Dunne C, Murphy L, Flynn S, et al. Probiotics: from myth to reality. Demonstration or functionality in animal models of disease and in human clinical trials. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1999;76:279-92.
28. Guarino A, Canani RB, Spagnuolo MI, et al. Oral bacterial therapy reduces the duration of symptoms and of viral excretion in children with mild diarrhea. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1997;25:516-19.
29. Isolauri E, Juntunen M, Rautanen T, et al. A human Lactobacillus strain (Lactobacillus casei sp strain GG) promotes recovery from acute diarrhea in children. Pediatrics 1999;88:90-7.
30. Majamaa H, Isolauri E, Saxelin M, et al. Lactic acid bacteria in the treatment of acute rotavirus gastroenteritis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1995;20:333-8.
31. Pant AR, Graham SM, Allen SJ, et al. Lactobacillus GG and acute diarrhoea in young children in the tropics. J Trop Pediatr 1996;42:162-5.
32. Raza S, Graham SM, Allen SJ, et al. Lactobacillus GG in acute diarrhea. Indian Pediatr 1995;32:1140-2.
33. Perdigon G, Alvarez S, Rachid M, et al. Immune system stimulation by probiotics. J Dairy Sci 1995;78:1597-606.