Pereskia and the origin of the cactus life-form

American Naturalist

Volumn 167, Issue 6, 2006, Pages 777-793

  Edwards, Erika J ^a,b   Donoghue, Michael J ^a  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Ancestral trait reconstruction; Cactaceae; Character evolution; Ecological niche; Key innovation; Pereskia; Water relations

Indexed keywords

WATER;

CACTUS; CLIMATE CONDITIONS; DROUGHT; NICHE OVERLAP; PHYLOGENETICS; PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE; WATER USE;

ARTICLE; CACTACEAE; CLIMATE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; EVOLUTION; PHYSIOLOGY;

BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION; CACTACEAE; CLIMATE; WATER;

CACTACEAE; PERESKIA;

EID: 33745725976     PISSN: 00030147     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/504605     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Ackerly, D. D. 2004. Adaptation, niche conservatism, and convergence: comparative studies of leaf evolution in the California chaparral. American Naturalist 163:654-671.
2. Ackerly, D. D., and P. B. Reich. 1999. Convergence and correlations among leaf size and function in seed plants: a comparative test using independent contrasts. American Journal of Botany 86:1272-1281.
3. Anderson, E. F. 2001. The cactus family. Timber, Portland, OR.
4. Barcikowski, W., and P. S. Nobel. 1984. Water relations of cacti during desiccation: distribution of water in tissues. Botanical Gazette 145:110-115.
5. Brodribb, T. J., and T. S. Feild. 2000. Stem hydraulic supply is linked to leaf photosynthetic capacity: evidence from New Caledonian and Tasmanian rainforests. Plant Cell and Environment 23:1381-1388.
6. Brodribb, T. J., N. M. Holbrook, and M. V. Gutierrez. 2002. Hydraulic and photosynthetic co-ordination in seasonally dry tropical forest trees. Plant Cell and Environment 25:1435-1444.
7. Brodribb, T. J., N. M. Holbrook, E. J. Edwards, and M. V. Gutierrez. 2003. Relations between stomatal closure, leaf turgor and xylem vulnerability in eight tropical dry forest trees. Plant Cell and Environment 26:443-450.
8. Bucci, S. J., G. Goldstein, F. C. Meinzer, F. G. Scholz, A. C. Franco, and M. Bustamante. 2004. Functional convergence in hydraulic architecture and water relations of tropical savanna trees: from leaf to whole plant. Tree Physiology 24:891-899.
9. Butler, M. A., and A. A. King. 2004. Phylogenetic comparative analysis: a modeling approach for adaptive evolution. American Naturalist 164:683-695.
10. Butterworth, C. A., and R. S. Wallace. 2005. Molecular phylogenetics of the leafy cactus genus Pereskia (Cactaceae). Systematic Botany 30:800-808.
11. Carolin, R. 1987. A review of the family Portulacaceae. Australian Journal of Botany 35:383-412.
12. -. 1993. Portulacaceae. Pages 544-555 in K. Kubitzki, ed. Families and genera of vascular plants. Springer, Heidelberg.
13. Cavender-Bares, J., D. D. Ackerly, D. A. Baum, and F. A. Bazzaz. 2004. Phylogenetic overdispersion in Floridian oak communities. American Naturalist 163:823-843.
14. Cunningham, C. W., K. E. Omland, and T. H. Oakley. 1998. Reconstructing ancestral character states: a critical reappraisal. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 13:361-366.
15. Cushman, J. C. 2001. Crassulacean acid metabolism: a plastic photosynthetic adaptation to arid environments. Plant Physiology 127:1439-1448.
16. Davis, C. C., C. O. Webb, K. J. Wurdack, C. A. Jaramillo, and M. J. Donoghue. 2005. Explosive radiation of Malpighiales supports a mid-Cretaceous origin of modern tropical rain forests. American Naturalist 165:E36-E65.
17. Diaz, M. 1984. Estudios fisoecologicos de 4 especies de cactaceas en condiciones naturales. Master's thesis. Institute Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, Caracas.
18. Diaz, M., and E. Medina. 1984. Actividad CAM de cactaceaes en condiciones naturales. Pages 98-113 in E. Medina, ed. Eco-fisiologia de plantas CAM. Centro Internacional de Ecologia. Tropical, Caracas.
19. Donoghue, M. J. 2005. Key innovations, convergence, and success: macroevolutionary lessons from plant phylogeny. Paleobiology 31:77-93.
20. Donoghue, M. J., and D. D. Ackerly. 1996. Phylogenetic uncertainties and sensitivity analyses in comparative biology. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 351:1241-1249.
21. Eamus, D., and L. Prior. 2001. Ecophysiology of trees of seasonally dry tropics: comparisons among phenologies. Advances in Ecological Research 32:113-197.
22. Edwards, E. J., and M. Diaz. 2006. Ecological physiology of Pereskia guamacho, a cactus with leaves. Plant Cell and Environment 29:247-256.
23. Edwards, E. J., R. Nyffeler, and M. J. Donoghue. 2005. Basal cactus phylogeny: implications of Pereskia paraphyly for the transition to the cactus life form. American Journal of Botany 92:1177-1188.
24. Eggli, U., and D. Ford-Werntz. 2001. Portulacaceae. Pages 370-432 in U. Eggli, ed. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants: dicotyledons. Springer, Berlin.
25. Farquhar, G. D., M. H. O'Leary, and J. A. Berry. 1982. On the relationship between carbon isotope discrimination and the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration in leaves. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 11:539-552.
26. Feild, T. S., N. C. Arens, J. A. Doyle, T. E. Dawsen, and M. J. Donoghue. 2004. Dark and disturbed: a new image of early angiosperm ecology. Paleobiology 30:82-107.
27. Felsenstein, J. 1985. Phylogenies and the comparative method. American Naturalist 125:1-15.
28. Gibson, A. C., and P. S. Nobel. 1986. The cactus primer. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
29. Graham, C. H., S. R. Ron, J. C. Santos, C. J. Schneider, and C. Moritz. 2004. Integrating phylogenetics and environmental niche models to explore speciation mechanisms in dendrobatid frogs. Evolution 58:1781-1793.
30. Guralnick, L. J., and M. D. Jackson. 2001. The occurrence and phylogenetics of crassulacean acid metabolism in the Portulacaceae. International Journal of Plant Sciences 162:257-262.
31. Hansen, T. F. 1997. Stabilizing selection and the comparative analysis of adaptation. Evolution 51:1341-1351.
32. Hardy, C. R., and H. P. Linder. 2005. Intraspecific variability and timing in ancestral ecology reconstruction: a test case from the Cape flora. Systematic Biology 54:299-316.
33. Holdridge, L. R. 1967. Life zone ecology. Rev. ed. Tropical Science Center, San Jose, Costa Rica.
34. Kluge, M., and I. P. Ting. 1978. Crassulacean acid metabolism: analysis of an ecological adaptation. Springer, Berlin.
35. Lerdau, M. T., N. M. Holbrook, H. A. Mooney, P. M. Rich, and J. L. Whitbeck. 1992. Seasonal patterns of acid fluctuations and resource storage in the arborescent cactus Opuntia excelsa in relation to light availability and size. Oecologia (Berlin) 92:166-171.
36. Leuenberger, B. E. 1986. Pereskia (Cactaceae). Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 41:1-141.
37. -. 1997. Maihuenia: monograph of a Patagonian genus of Cactaceae. Botanische Jahrbucher 119:1-92.
38. Luttge, U., E. Medina, W. J. Cram, H. S. J. Lee, M. Popp, and J. A. C. Smith. 1989. Ecophysiology of xerophytic and halophytic vegetation of a coastal alluvial plain in northern Venezuela. II. Cactaceae. New Phytologist 111:245-251.
39. Martin, C. E., and F. S. Harris. 1993. Nocturnal respiration rates and malic acid accumulation in five species of Talinum (Portulacaceae) during CAM-cycling. Journal of Plant Physiology 141:762-764.
40. Martin, C. E., and R. S. Wallace. 2000. Photosynthetic pathway variation in leafy members of two subfamilies of the Cactaceae. International Journal of Plant Sciences 161:639-650.
41. 3 photosynthesis and crassulacean acid metabolism in a Kansas rock outcrop succulent, Talinum calycinum Engelm. (Portulacaceae). Plant Physiology 73:718-723.
42. Martins, E. P. 2004. COMPARE: computer programs for the statistical analysis of comparative data. Ver. 4.6. Distributed by the author at http://compare.bio.indiana.edu/. Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington.
43. Martins, E. P., and T. F. Hansen. 1997. Phylogenies and the comparative method: a general approach to incorporating phylogenetic information into the analysis of interspecific data. American Naturalist 149:646-667.
44. Mauseth, J. D. 1999. Anatomical adaptations to xeric conditions in Maihuenia (Cactaceae), a relictual, leaf-bearing cactus. Journal of Plant Research 112:307-315.
45. Mauseth, J. D., and J. V. Landrum. 1997. Relictual vegetative anatomical characters in Cactaceae: the genus Pereskia. Journal of Plant Research 110:55-64.
46. Mauseth, J. D., and M. Sajeva. 1992. Cortical bundles in the persistent, photosynthetic stems of cacti. Annals of Botany 70:317-324.
47. Meinzer, F. C. 2003. Functional convergence in plant responses to the environment. Oecologia (Berlin) 134:1-11.
48. Mooney, H. A., S. A. Bullock, and J. R. Ehleringer. 1989. Carbon isotope ratios of plants of a tropical dry forest in Mexico. Functional Ecology 3:137-142.
49. Nobel, P. S. 1977. Water relations and photosynthesis of a barrel cactus, Ferocactus acanthodes, in the Colorado desert. Oecologia (Berlin) 27:117-133.
50. -. 1988. Environmental biology of agaves and cacti. Cambridge University Press, New York.
51. 2 uptake in the three subfamilies of the Cactaceae. Plant Physiology 80:913-917.
52. 2 uptake patterns for leafy cacti. Physiologia Plantarum 70:114-118.
53. Nyffeler, R. 2002. Phylogenetic relationships in the cactus family (Cactaceae) based on evidence from trnK/matK and trnL-trnF sequences. American Journal of Botany 89:312-326.
54. Peterson, A. T., J. Soberon, and V. Sanchez-Cordero. 1999. Conservatism of ecological niches in evolutionary time. Science 285:1265-1267.
55. Rayder, L., and I. P. Ting. 1981. Carbon metabolism in two species of Pereskia (Cactaceae). Plant Physiology 68:139-142.
56. Reich, P. B., M. B. Walters, and D. S. Ellsworth. 1992. Leaf life-span in relation to leaf, plant, and stand characteristics among diverse ecosystems. Ecological Monographs 62:365-392.
57. Sack, L., and M. T. Tyree. 2005. Leaf hydraulics and its implications in plant structure and function. Pages 93-114 in N. M. Holbrook and M. A. Zwieniecki, eds. Vascular transport in plants. Elsevier, Oxford.
58. Sack, L., P. D. Cowan, N. Jaikumar, and N. M. Holbrook. 2003. The "hydrology" of leaves: co-ordination of structure and function in temperate woody species. Plant Cell and Environment 26:1343-1356.
59. Santiago, L. S., G. Goldstein, F. C. Meinzer, J. B. Fisher, K. Machado, D. Woodruff, and T. Jones. 2004. Leaf photosynthetic traits scale with hydraulic conductivity and wood density in Panamanian forest canopy trees. Oecologia (Berlin) 140:543-550.
60. Schluter, D., T. Price, A. O. Mooers, and D. Ludwig. 1997. Likelihood of ancestor states in adaptive radiation. Evolution 51:1699-1711.
61. Smith, S. D., R. K. Monson, and J. E. Anderson. 1997. Physiological ecology of North American desert plants. Springer, Berlin.
62. Sobrado, M. A. 1986. Aspects of tissue water relations and seasonal changes of leaf water potential components of evergreen and deciduous species coexisting in tropical dry forests. Oecologia (Berlin) 68:413-416.
63. Sperry, J. S., V. Stiller, and U. G. Hacke. 2003. Xylem hydraulics and the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum: opportunities and unresolved issues. Agronomy Journal 95:1362-1370.
64. Ting, I. P. 1985. Crassulacean acid metabolism. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 36:595-622.
65. Vcndramini, F., S. Diaz, D. E. Gurvich, P. J. Wilson, K. Thompson, and J. G. Hodgson. 2002. Leaf traits as indicators of resource-use strategy in floras with succulent species. New Phytologist 154:147-157.
66. Wallace, R. S. 1995. Molecular systematic study of the Cactaceae: using chloroplast DNA variation to elucidate cactus phylogeny. Bradleya 13:1-12.
67. Wallace, R. S., and S. L. Dickie. 2002. Systematic implications of chloroplast DNA sequence variation in the Opuntioideae. Pages 9-24 in D. R. Hunt, ed. Studies in the Opuntioideae (Cactaceae). Succulent Plant Research. Hunt, Sherborne, UK.
68. Webb, C. O. 2000. Exploring the phylogenetic structure of ecological communities: an example for rain forest trees. American Naturalist 156:145-155.
69. Webb, C. O., D. D. Ackerly, M. A. McPeek, and M. J. Donoghue. 2002. Phylogenies and community ecology. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 33:475-505.
70. Westoby, M., D. S. Falster, A. T. Moles, P. A. Vesk, and I. J. Wright. 2002. Plant ecological strategies: some leading dimensions of variation between species. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 33:125-159.
71. Wiens, J. J., and M. J. Donoghue. 2004. Historical biogeography, ecology and species richness. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 19:639-644.
72. 2 fixed during day and night? Plant Physiology 129:1843-1851.