Neurobiological correlates of violent behavior among persons with schizophrenia

Schizophrenia Bulletin

Volumn 32, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 562-572

  Naudts, Kris ^a   Hodgins, Sheilagh ^a  

^a KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Neurological soft signs; Neuropsychology; Schizophrenia; Structural brain imaging; Violence

Indexed keywords

AGGRESSION; AMYGDALOID NUCLEUS; ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR; ARTICLE; BRAIN SIZE; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; EMBASE; GENDER; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HIPPOCAMPUS; HUMAN; IMAGE ANALYSIS; MEDLINE; NEUROBIOLOGY; NEUROIMAGING; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; ORBITAL CORTEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCINFO; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SYMPTOM; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TASK PERFORMANCE; VIOLENCE; WHITE MATTER;

BRAIN; COGNITION DISORDERS; HUMANS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SCHIZOPHRENIC PSYCHOLOGY; VIOLENCE;

EID: 33745623364     PISSN: 05867614     EISSN: 17451701     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbj036     Document Type: Article

References (96)

1. Arseneault L, Moffitt TE, Caspi A, Taylor PJ, Silva PA. Mental disorders and violence in a total birth cohort: results from the Dunedin Study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57:979-986.
2. Brennan A, Mednick SA, Hodgins S. Major mental disorders and criminal violence in a Danish birth cohort. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57:494-500.
3. Hodgins S, Mednick SA, Brennan P, Schulsinger F, Engberg M. Mental disorder and crime: evidence from a Danish birth cohort. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1996;53:498-496.
4. Tiihonen J, Isohanni M, Raesaenen P, Koiranen M, Moring J. Specific major mental disorders and criminality: a 26-year prospective study of the 1996 northern Finland birth cohort. Am J Psychiatry. 1997;154:840-845.
5. Wallace C, Mullen PE, Burgess P. Criminal offending in schizophrenia over a 25-year period marked by deinstitutionalization and increasing prevalence of co-morbid substance use disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 2004;161:716-727.
6. Lindqvist P, Allebeck P. Schizophrenia and crime: a longitudinal follow-up of 644 schizophrenics in Stockholm. Br J Psychiatry. 1990;157:345-350.
7. Swanson J, Holzer CE, Ganju VK, Jono RT. Violence and psychiatric disorder in the community: evidence from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area surveys. Hosp Community Psychiatry. 1990;41:761-770.
8. Brinded MJ, Stevens I, Mulder RT, Fairley N, Malcom F, Wells JE. The Christchurch prisons psychiatric epidemiology study: methodology and prevalence rates for psychiatric disorders. Crim Behav Ment Health. 1999;9:131-143.
9. Brink J, Doherty D, Boer A. Mental Disorder in Federal Offenders: A Canadian Prevalence Study. Abbotsford, BC: University of British Columbia and Regional Health Centre, Department of Psychiatry; 2001.
10. Gunn J. Future directions for treatment in forensic psychiatry. Br J Psychiatry. 2000;176:332-338.
11. Hodgins S, Côté G. Major mental disorder among Canadian penitentiary inmates. In: Stewart L, Stermac L, Webster C, eds. Clinical Criminology: Toward Effective Correctional Treatment. Toronto: Solliciteur général et Service correctionnel du Canada; 1995:6-20.
12. Erb M, Hodgins S, Freese R, Müller-Isberner R, Jockel D. Homicide and schizophrenia: maybe treatment does have a preventative effect. Crim Behav Ment Health. 2001;11:6-26.
13. Fazel S, Grann M. Psychiatric morbidity among homicide offenders: a Swedish population study. Am J Psychiatry. 2004;161:2129-2131.
14. Hodgins S. Criminal and antisocial behaviours and schizophrenia: a neglected topic. In: Gattaz WF, Häfner H, eds. Search for the Causes of Schizophrenia, Vol. V. Darmstadt, Germany: Steinkopff Verlag; 2004:315-341.
15. Krakowski M, Czobor P. Gender differences in violent behaviors: relationship to clinical symptoms and psychosocial factors. Am J Psychiatry. 2004;161:459-465.
16. Newhill CE, Mulvey EP, Lidz CW. Characteristics of violence in the community by female patients seen in a psychiatric emergency service. Psychiatr Serv. 1995;46:785-789.
17. Moran P, Hodgins S. The correlates of comorbid antisocial personality disorder in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 2004;30:791-802.
18. Hodgins S, Tiihonen J, Ross D. The consequences of conduct disorder for males who develop schizophrenia: associations with criminality, aggressive behavior, substance use, and psychiatric services. Schizophr Res. 2005;78:323-335.
19. Roy S, Herrera J, Parent M, Costa J. Violent and non-violent schizophrenic patients: clinical and developmental characteristics. Psychol Rep. 1987;61:855-861.
20. Lawson WB, Yesavage JA, Werner PD. Race, violence, and psychopathology. J Clin Psychiatry. 1983;45:294-297.
21. Lion JR. Evaluation and Management of the Violent Patient. Springfield, IL: Thomas; 1972.
22. Wechsler D. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised. New York, NY: Psychological Corporation; 1981.
23. Lapierre D, Braun CM, Hodgins S, Toupin J, Leveillee S, Constantineau C. Neuropsychological correlates of violence in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1995;21:253-262.
24. Heaton RK. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Manual. Odessa, TX: Psychological Assessment Resources; 1981.
25. Benton A, Hamsher K, Varney RN, Spreen O. Contributions to Neuropsychological Assessment: A Clinical Manual. London: Academic Press; 1983.
26. Porteus SD. Porteus Maze Test: Fifty Years' Application. Palo Alto, CA: Pacific Books; 1965.
27. Reitan R. Validity of the Trail Making Test as an indicator of organic brain damage. Percept Mot Skills. 1958;8:271-276.
28. Rasmussen K, Levander S, Sletvold H. Aggressive and non-aggressive schizophrenics: symptom profile and neuropsychological differences. Psychol Crime Law. 1995;2:119-129.
29. Levander S. Manual of the Automated Psychological Test System. Lund, Sweden: Department of Psychiatry: University of Lund; 1990.
30. Krakowski M, Czobor P, Libiger J, Kunz M, Papezova H, Parker BB. Violence in schizophrenic patients: the role of positive psychotic symptoms and frontal lobe impairment. Am J Forensic Psychiatry. 1997;18:39-50.
31. Kay S, Wolkenfeld F, Murrill L. Profiles of aggression among psychiatric patients: I. nature and prevalence. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1988;176:539-546.
32. Kondel TK, Mortimer AM, Leeson VC, Laws KR, Hirsch SR. Intellectual differences between schizophrenic patients and normal controls across the adult lifespan. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2003;25:1045-1056.
33. Wong TH, Lumsden J, Fenton GW, Fenwick PB. Neuroimaging in mentally abnormal offenders. Issues Crim Leg Psychol. 1997;27:49-58.
34. Lafayette JM, Frankle WG, Pollock A, Dyer D, Goff DC. Clinical characteristics, cognitive functioning, and criminal histories of outpatients with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2003;54:1635-1640.
35. Wechsler D. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. 3d ed. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation; 1998.
36. Golden C. Stroop Color and Word Test: A Manual for Clinical and Experimental Uses. Wood Dale, IL: Stoelting; 1978.
37. Nelson HE, Willison JR. National Adult Reading Test Manual. Windsor: NFER-Nelson; 1991.
38. Krakowski M, Convit A, Jaeger J, Lin S, Volavka J. Neurological impairment in violent schizophrenic inpatients. Am J Psychiatry. 1989;146:849-853.
39. Adams JJ, Meloy JR, Moritz MS. Neuropsychological deficits and violent behavior in incarcerated schizophrenics. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1990;178:253-256.
40. Golden CJ, Hammecke T, Purisch A. A Manual for the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery (Revised). Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services; 1980.
41. Selin T, Wolfgang ME. The Measurement of Delinquency. New York, NY: Wiley; 1964.
42. Barkataki I, Kumari V, Das M, et al. A neuropsychological investigation into violence. Schizophr Res. 2005;74:1-13.
43. Wechsler D. Wechsler Memory Scale. 3d ed. London: Psychological Corporation; 1997.
44. Morris RG, Rowe A, Fox N, Feigenbaum JD, Miotto EC, Howlin P. Spatial working memory in Asperger's syndrome and in patients with focal frontal and temporal lobe lesions. Brain Cogn. 1999;41:9-26.
45. Morris RG, Rushe T, Woodruffe PW, Murray RM. Problem solving in schizophrenia: a specific deficit in planning ability. Schizophr Res. 1995;14:235-246.
46. Cornblatt BA, Risch NJ, Faris G, Friedman D, Erlenmeyer-Kimling L. The Continuous Performance Test, identical pairs version (CPT-IP): I. new findings about sustained attention in normal families. Psychiatry Res. 1988;26:223-238.
47. Coughlan A, Hollows S. The Adult Memory and Information Processing Battery (AMIBP) Test Manual. Leeds, UK: Coughlan; 1985.
48. Convit A, Jaeger J, Lin S, Maisner M, Brizer D, Volavka J. Prediction of violence in psychiatric inpatients. In: Moffitt TE, Mednick SA, eds. Biological Contributions to Crime Causation. Amsterdam: Martinus Nijhoff; 1988:223-245.
49. Arango C, Barba AC, Gonzalez-Salvador T, Ordoriez AC. Violence in inpatients with schizophrenia: a prospective study. Schizophr Bull. 1999;25:493-503.
50. Yudofski SC, Silver JM, Jackson W, Endicott J, Williams D. The Overt Aggression Scale for the objective rating of verbal and physical aggression. Am J Psychiatry. 1986;143:35-39.
51. Buchanan RW, Heinrichs DW. The Neurological Evaluation Scale (NES): a structured instrument for the assessment of neurological soft signs in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 1989;27:335-350.
52. Braun CM, Lapierre D. Neurological soft signs in schizophrenia: are they related to negative or positive symptoms, neuropsychological performance, and violence? Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 1995;10:489-509.
53. Brizer DA, Convit A, Krakowski M. A rating scale for reporting violence on psychiatric wards. Hosp Community Psychiatry. 1987;38:769-770.
54. Convit A, Douyon R, Yates KF, et al. Frontotemporal abnormalities and violent behavior. In: Stoff DM, Cairns RB, eds. Aggression and Violence: Genetics, Neurobiological, and Biosocial Perspectives. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum; 1996: 169-194.
55. Hoptman MJ, Volavka J, Johnson G, Weiss E, Bilder RM, Lim KO. Frontal white matter microstructure, aggression, and impulsivity in men with schizophrenia: a preliminary study. Biol Psychiatry. 2002;2:9-14.
56. Coccaro EF, Berman ME, Kavoussi RJ. Assessment of life history of aggression: development and psychometric characteristics. Psychiatry Res. 1997;73:147-157.
57. Patton JH, Stanford MS, Barratt ES. Factor structure of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. J Clin Psychol. 1995;51:768-774.
58. Barkataki I, Kumari V, Das M, Taylor P, Sharma T. A comparison of structural brain deficits in antisocial personality disorder and violent schizophrenia: An MRI investigation. Biol Psychiatry. 2004;55(suppl):514.
59. Antonova E, Sharma T, Morris R, Kumari V. The relationship between brain structure and neurocognition in schizophrenia: a selective review. Schizophr Res. 2004;70:117-145.
60. Jones H. Neuropsychology of violence. Forensic Rep. 1992;5:221-233.
61. Wong MTC, Fenwick PBC, Lumsden J, et al. Positron emission tomography in male violent offenders with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging. 1997;68:111-123.
62. Spalletta G, Troisi A, Alimenti S, et al. Reduced prefrontal cognitive activation associated with aggression in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2001;50:131-135.
63. Rhee S, Walden ID. Genetic and environmental influences on antisocial behavior: a meta-analysis of twin and adoption studies. Psychol Bull. 2002;29:490-529.
64. Hodgins S, Kratzer L, McNeil TF. Obstetrical problems, parenting, and risk of criminal behaviour among persons who develop major mental disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2002;105:179-188.
65. Tehrani JA, Mednick SA. Etiological factors linked to criminal violence and adult mental illness. In: Hodgins S, ed. Violence Among the Mentally III: Effective Treatments and Management Strategies. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 2000:55-79.
66. Caspi A, McClay J, Moffitt TE, et al. Role of genotype in the cycle of violence in maltreated children. Science 2002;297:851-854.
67. Moffitt T, Caspi A. Childhood predictors differentiate life-course persistent and adolescence-limited antisocial path ways among males and females. Dev Psychopathol. 2001;13:355-375.
68. Cornell DG, Warren J, Hawk G, Stafford E, Oram G, Pine D. Psychopathy in instrumental and reactive violent offenders. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1996;4:783-790.
69. Blair RJ. Neurocognitive models of aggression, the antisocial personality disorders, and psychopathy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2001;71:727-731.
70. Patrick CJ. Getting to the heart of psychopathy. In: Hervé H, Yuille JC, eds. Psychopathy: Theory, Research, and Implications for Society. In press.
71. Foley SR, Kelly BD, Clarke M, et al. Incidence and clinical correlates of aggression and violence at presentation in patients with first episode psychosis. Schizophr Res. 2005;72:161-168.
72. Joyal CC, Halle P, Lapierre D, Hodgins S. Drug abuse and/or dependence and better neuropsychological performance in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2003;63:297-299.
73. Salyers MP, Mueser KT. Social functioning, psychopathology, and medication side effects in relation to substance use and abuse in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2001;48:109-123.
74. Schanda H, Foldes P, Topitz A, Fliedl R, Knecht G. Premorbid adjustment of schizophrenic criminal offenders. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1992;86:121-126.
75. Stirling J, Lewis S, Hopkins R, White C. Cannabis use prior to first onset psychosis predicts spared neurocognition at 10-year follow-up. Schizophr Res. 2005;75:135-137.
76. Pencer A, Addington J. Substance use and cognition in early psychosis. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2003;28:48-54.
77. Mathalon DH, Pfefferbaum A, Lim KO, Rosenbloom MJ, Sullivan EV. Compounded brain volume deficits in schizophrenia-alcoholism comorbidity. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60:245-252.
78. Bilder RM, Goldman RS, Volavka J, et al. Neurocognitive effects of clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, and haloperidol in patients with chronic schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2002;159:1018-1028.
79. Boks MP, Liddle PF, Russo S, Knegtering R, van den Bosch R. Influence of antipsychotic agents on neurological soft signs and dyskinesia in first episode psychosis. Psychiatry Res. 2003;119:167-170.
80. Dazzan P, Morgan KD, Orr KG, et al. The structural brain correlates of neurological soft signs in AESOP first-episode psychoses study. Brain. 2004;127:143-153.
81. Volavka J, Czobor P, Nolan K, et al. Overt aggression and psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia treated with clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, or haloperidol. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2004;24:225-228.
82. Swanson JW, Swartz MS, Elbogen EB. Effectiveness of atypical antipsychotic medications in reducing violent behavior among persons with schizophrenia in community-based treatment. Schizophr Bull. 2004;30:3-20.
83. Swanson JW, Swartz MS, Elbogen EB, Van Dorn RA. Reducing violence risk in persons with schizophrenia: olanzapine versus risperidone. J Clin Psychol. 2004;65:1666-1673.
84. Seltzer J, Conrad C, Cassens G. Neuropsychological profiles in schizophrenia: paranoid versus undifferentiated distinctions. Schizophr Res. 1997;23:131-138.
85. Horn NR, Dolan M, Elliott R, Deakin JF, Woodruff PW. Response inhibition and impulsivity: an fMRI study. Neuropsychologia 2003;4:1959-1966.
86. Ridderinkhof KR, van den Wildenberg WP, Segalowitz SJ, Carter CS. Neurocognitive mechanism of cognitive control: the role of prefrontal cortex in action selection, response inhibition, performance monitoring, and reward-based learning. Brain Cogn. 2004;56:129-140.
87. Arango C, Bartko JJ, Gold JM, Buchanan RW. Prediction of neuropsychological performance by neurological signs in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 1999;156:1349-1357.
88. Bechara A, Damasio H, Damasio A. Role of the amygdala in decision-making. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003;985:356-369.
89. Walker EF, Diforio D. Schizophrenia: a neural stress-diathesis model. Psychol Rev. 1997;4:667-685.
90. Arango C, Kirkpatrick B, Koenig J. At issue: stress, hippocampal neuronal turnover, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Schizophr Bull. 2001;27:477-480.
91. Sapolsky RM, Plotsky PM. Hypercortisolism and its possible neural bases. Biol Psychiatry. 1990;27:937-952.
92. Stein-Behrens MP, Matsson I, Chang MY, Sapolsky R. Stress exacerbates neuron loss and cytoskeletal pathology in the hippocampus. J Neurosci. 1994;14:5373-5380.
93. Bremner JD. Does stress damage the brain? Biol Psychiatry. 1999;45:797-805.
94. Pantelis C, Velakoulis D, McGorry P, et al. Neuroanatomical abnormalities before and after onset of psychosis: a cross-sectional and longitudinal MRI comparison. Lancet 2003;361:281-288.
95. Lorber MF. Psychophysiology of aggression, psychopathy, and conduct problems: a meta-analysis. Psychol Bull. 2004;130:531-552.
96. McBurnett K, Lahey BB, Rathouz PJ, Loeber R. Low salivary cortisol and persistent aggression in boys referred for disruptive behavior. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57:38-43.