Ergogenic Aids What Athletes Are Using—and Why

Physician and Sportsmedicine

Volumn 25, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 70-83

  Eichner, E Randy ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANABOLIC AGENT; CAFFEINE; CREATINE; GROWTH HORMONE; SALBUTAMOL; SALMETEROL; TESTOSTERONE;

ARTICLE; ATHLETE; DRUG ABUSE; ENDURANCE; HUMAN; JOB PERFORMANCE; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; MUSCLE STRENGTH; SPORTS MEDICINE;

EID: 33745563556     PISSN: 00913847     EISSN: 23263660     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00913847.1997.11440215     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Voy R, Deeter KD: Drugs, Sport, and Politics. Champaign, III, Leisure Press, 1991
2. Catlin DH, Murray TH: Performance-enhancing drugs, fair competition, and Olympic sport. JAMA 1996; 276 (3): 231 – 237
3. Catlin D, Wright J, Pope H Jr, et al: Assessing the threat of anabolic steroids. Phys Sports med 1993; 21 (8): 37 – 44
4. Goldberg L, Elliot D, Clarke GN, et al: Effects of a multidimensional anabolic steroid prevention intervention: the Adolescents Training and Learning to Avoid Steroids (ATLAS) program. JAMA 1996; 276 (19): 1555 – 1562
5. Bhasin S, Storer TW, Berman N, et al: The effects of supraphysio logic doses of testosterone on muscle size and strength in normal men. N Engl J Med 1996; 335 (1): 1 – 7
6. Papadakis MA, Grady D, Black D, et al: Growth hormone replacement in healthy older men improves body composition but not functional ability. Ann Intern Med 1996; 124 (8): 708 – 716
7. Su TP Pagliaro M, Schmidt PJ, et al: Neuro psychiatrie effects of anabolic steroids in male normal volunteers. JAMA 1993; 269 (21): 2760 – 2764
8. Elashoff JD, Jack now AD, Shain SG, et al: Effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids on muscular strength. Ann Intern Med 1991; 115 (5): 387 – 393
9. Yarasheski KE, Campbell JA, Smith K, et al: Effect of growth hormone and resistance exercise on muscle growth in young men. Am J Physiol 1992; 262 (pt 1): E261 – E267
10. Yarasheski KE, Zachwieja JJ, Angelopoulos TJ, et al: Short-term growth hormone treatment does not increase muscle protein synthesis in experienced weight lifters. J AppI Physiol 1993; 74 (6): 3073 – 3076
11. Ingalls CP, Barnes WS, Smith SB: Interaction between clenbuterol and run training: effects on exercise performance and MLC isoform content. J AppI Physiol 1996; 80 (3): 795 – 801
12. Prather ID, Brown DE, North P et al: Clenbuterol: a substitute for anabolic steroids? Med Sci Sports Exerc 1995; 27 (8): 1118 – 1121
13. Martineau L, Horan MA, Rothwell NJ, et al: Salbutamol, a beta2-adrenoceptor agonist, increases skeletal muscle strength in young men. Clin Sci 1992; 83 (5): 615 – 621
14. Caruso JE Signorile JF, Perry AC, et al: The effects of albuterol and isokinetic exercise on the quadriceps muscle group. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1995; 27 (11): 1471 – 1476
15. Robertson W, Simkins J, O' Hickey SP et al: Does single dose salmeterol affect exercise capacity in asthmatic men? Eur Respir J 1994; 7 (11): 1978 – 1984
16. Morton AR, Joyce K, Papalia SM, et al: Is salmeterol ergogenic? Clin J Sports Med 1996; 6 (4): 220 – 225
17. Meeuwisse WH, Mckenzie DC, Hopkins SR, et al: The effect of salbutamol on performance in elite non-asthmatic athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1992; 24 (10): 1161 – 1166
18. Morton AR, Papalia SM, Fitch KD: Changes in anaerobic power and strength performance after inhalation of salbutamol in non-asthmatic athletes. Clin J Sports Med 1993; 3 (1): 14 – 19
19. Lemmer JT, Fleck SJ, Wallach JM, et al: The effects of albuterol on power output in non-asthmatic athletes. Int J Sports Med 1995; 16 (4): 243 – 249
20. Norris SR, Petersen SR, Jones RL: The effect of salbutamol on performance in endurance cyclists. Eur J AppI Physiol 1996; 73 (3–4): 364 – 368
21. Graham TE, Spriet LL: Performance and metabolic responses to a high caffeine dose during prolonged exercise. J AppI Physiol 1991; 71 (6): 2292 – 2298
22. Graham TE, Spriet LL: Caffeine and exercise performance. Sports Science Exchange (Gatorade Sports Science Institute) 1996; 9: 1 – 6
23. Cohen BS, Nelson AG, Prevost MC, et al: Effects of caffeine ingestion on endurance racing in heat and humidity. Eur J AppI Physiol 1996; 73 (3–4): 358 – 363
24. Gaie M: Olympic athletes face heat, other health hurdles. JAMA 1996; 276 (3): 178 – 180
25. Anderson O: Carbs, creatine & phosphate. Running Research News 1996; 12 (3): 1 – 4
26. Brown J: Creatine supplementation and performance. Penn State Sports Medicine Newsletter 1996; 4 (12): 4 – 5 and 1996; 5 (4): 4.
27. Greenhaff PL, Casey A, Short AH, et al: Influence of oral creatine supplementation on muscle torque during repeated bouts of maximal voluntary exercise in man. Clin Sci 1993; 84 (5): 565 – 571
28. Balsom PD, Ekblom B, Soderlung K, et al: Creatine supplementation and dynamic high-intensity intermittent exercise. Scand J Med Sci Sports 1993; 3: 143 – 149
29. Birch R, Noble D, Greenhaff PL: The influence of dietary creatine supplementation on performance during repeated bouts of maximal isokinetic cycling in man. Eur J AppI Physiol 1994; 69 (3): 268 – 270
30. Cooke WH, Grandjean PW, Barnes WS: Effect of oral creatine supplementation on power output and fatigue during bicycle ergometry. J AppI Physiol 1995; 78 (2): 670 – 673
31. Hultman E, Soderlund K, Timmons JA, et al: Muscle creatine loading in men. J AppI Physiol 1996; 81 (1): 232 – 237
32. Harris RC, Viru M, Greenhaff PL, et al: The effect of oral creatine supplementation on running performance during maximal short term exercise in man. J Physiol 1993; 467: 74 P
33. Redondo D, Williams M, Dowling E, et al: The effect of oral creatine monohydrate supplementation on running velocity. Int J Sport Nutrition 1996; 6 (3): 213 – 221
34. Mujika I, Chatard JC, Lacoste L, et al: Creatine supplementation does not improve sprint performance in competitive swimmers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1996; 28 (11): 1435 – 1441
35. Balsom PD, Harridge SD, Soderlund K, et al: Creatine supplementation per se does not enhance endurance exercise performance. Acta Physiol Scand 1993; 149 (4): 521 – 523