Effect of whole-body 1800 MHz GSM-like microwave exposure on testicular steroidogenesis and histology in mice

Reproductive Toxicology

Volumn 22, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 111-117

  Forgács, Zsolt ^a   Somosy, Zoltán ^b   Kubinyi, Györgyi ^b   Bakos, József ^b   Hudák, Aranka ^c   Surján, András ^a   Thuróczy, György ^b  

^a National Institute of Chemical Safety   (Hungary)

^b National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene Budapest   (Hungary)

^c National Institute of Occupational Health Budapest   (Hungary)

Author keywords

GSM; Leydig cell; Microwave; Mobile phone; RBC; Testosterone; VPRC

Indexed keywords

TESTOSTERONE; ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; CHOLESTEROL; TESTIS PEPTIDE HORMONE; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; CELL CULTURE; CONTROLLED STUDY; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ERYTHROCYTE CONCENTRATE; ERYTHROCYTE COUNT; ERYTHROCYTE VOLUME; HISTOPATHOLOGY; LEYDIG CELL; MALE; MICROWAVE RADIATION; MOLECULAR MECHANICS; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; RADIATION ABSORPTION; RADIATION ENERGY; RADIATION EXPOSURE; REPRODUCTION; RISK ASSESSMENT; STEROIDOGENESIS; TESTIS; TESTOSTERONE BLOOD LEVEL; WHOLE BODY RADIATION; ANIMAL; BIOSYNTHESIS; BLOOD; BODY WEIGHT; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CYTOLOGY; IN VITRO STUDY; METABOLISM; METHODOLOGY; MOUSE STRAIN; RADIATION DOSE;

ANIMALIA;

ALANINE TRANSAMINASE; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ANIMALS; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASES; BODY WEIGHT; CELLS, CULTURED; CHOLESTEROL; ERYTHROCYTE COUNT; LEYDIG CELLS; MALE; MICE; MICE, INBRED STRAINS; MICROWAVES; RADIATION DOSAGE; TESTICULAR HORMONES; TESTIS; TESTOSTERONE; TRIGLYCERIDES; WHOLE-BODY IRRADIATION;

EID: 33745560912     PISSN: 08906238     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2005.12.003     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Hyland G.J. Physics and biology of mobile telephony. Lancet 356 (2000) 1833-1836
2. Ortner M.J., Galvin M.J., and McRee D.I. Studies on acute in vivo exposure of rats to 2450 MHz microwave radiation. Radiat Res 86 (1981) 580-588
3. Michaelson S.M. Health implications of exposure to radiofrequency/microwave energies. Br J Ind Med 39 (1982) 105-119
4. NRPB. Review of the scientific evidence for limiting exposure to electromagnetic fields (0-300 GHz). Doc NRPB 2004;15:1-215. Available at http://www.nrpb.org.
5. ICNIRP. Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz). Health Phys 74 (1998) 494-522
6. Lai H., and Singh N.P. Single- and double-strand DNA breaks in rat brain cells after acute exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 69 (1996) 513-521
7. Demsia G., Vlastos D., and Matthopoulos D.P. Effect of 910-MHz electromagnetic field on rat bone marrow. ScientificWorldJournal 4 S2 (2004) 48-54
8. de Pomerai D.I., Smith B., Dawe A., North K., Smith T., Archer D.B., et al. Microwave radiation can alter protein conformation without bulk heating. FEBS Lett 543 (2003) 93-97
9. Ilhan A., Gurel A., Armutcu F., Kamisli S., Iraz M., Akyol O., et al. Gingko biloba prevents mobile phone-induced oxidative stress in rat brain. Clin Chim Acta 340 (2004) 153-162
10. Dutta S.K., Subramoniam A., Ghosh B., and Parshad R. Microwave radiation-induced calcium ion efflux from human neuroblastoma cells in culture. Bioelectromagnetics 5 (1984) 71-78
11. Burch J.B., Reif J.S., Noonan C.W., Ichinose T., Bachand A.M., Koleber T.L., et al. Melatonin metabolite secretion among cellular telephone users. Int J Radiat Biol 78 (2002) 1029-1036
12. Frey A.H. Headaches from cellular telephone: are they real and what are the implications?. Environ Health Perspect 106 (1998) 101-103
13. Hamblin D.L., and Wood A.W. Effects of mobile phone emissions on human brain activity and sleep variables. Int J Radiat Biol 78 (2002) 659-669
14. Persson B.R.R., Salford L.G., and Brun A. Blood-brain barrier permeability in rats exposed to electromagnetic fields used in wireless communication. Wirel Netw 3 (1997) 455-461
15. Salford L.G., Brun A.E., Eberhardt J.L., Malmgren L., and Persson B.R. Nerve cell damage in mammalian brain after exposure to microwaves from GSM mobile phones. Environ Health Perspect 111 (2003) 881-883
16. Repacholi M.H., Baster A., Gebski V., Noonan D., Finnie J., and Harris A.W. Lymphomas in Eμ-Pim1 transgenic mice exposed to pulsed 900 MHz electromagentic fields. Radiat Res 147 (1997) 631-640
17. 2α in rats exposed to microwaves. Reprod Toxicol 14 (2000) 235-240
18. Nakamura H., Matsuzaki I., Hatta K., Nobukuni Y., Kambayashi Y., and Ogino K. Nonthermal effects of mobile-phone frequency microwaves on uteroplacental functions in pregnant rats. Reprod Toxicol 17 (2003) 321-326
19. Dasdag S., Ketani M.A., Akdag Z., Ersay A.R., Sari I., Demirtas O.C., et al. Whole-body microwave exposure emitted by cellular phones and testicular function of rats. Urol Res 27 (1999) 219-223
20. Dasdag S., Akdag M.Z., Asken F., Yilmaz F., Bashan M., Dasdag M., et al. Whole body exposure of rats to microwaves emitted from a cell phone does not affect the testes. Bioelectromagnetics 24 (2003) 182-188
21. Magras I.N., and Xenos T.D. RF radiation-induced changes in the prenatal development of mice. Bioelectromagnetics 18 (1997) 455-461
22. IEGMP. Mobile phones and health. Report of an Independent Expert Group on Mobile Phones. Chilton: Sir William Stewart, NRPB 2000:1-160. Available at http://www.iegmp.org.uk.
23. NRPB. Health effects from radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. Doc NRPB 2003;14:1-177. Available at http://www.nrpb.org.
24. Bassen H.I. RF interference (RFI) of medical devices by mobile communication transmitters. In: Kuster N., and Balzano Q. (Eds). Mobile communications safety (1997), Chapman & Hall, London 65-94
25. Johnson CC, Durney CH, Barber PW, Massoudi H, Stewart AJ, Mitchell JC. Radiofrequency dosimetry handbook. Report SAM-TR-76-35, Brooks Air Force Base, Texas: USAF School of Areopsace Medicine; 1976.
26. Stoklosowa S. Tissue culture of gonadal cells. Acta Biol Hung 33 (1982) 367-379
27. 2+ on the testosterone production of mouse primary Leydig cell culture. J Toxicol Environ Health A 55 (1998) 213-224
28. 5-3β-hydroxysteroid dehydogenase in testicular cells grown in vitro. Endocrinology 79 (1966) 406-410
29. 5-3β-hydroxysteroid dehydogenase activity in pre-implantation mouse embryos and their implantation by sheep ovarian follicular fluid peptide. Acta Endocrinol (Copenhagen) 115 (1987) 183-188
30. Phelps P.V., and Laskey J.W. Comparison of age-related changes in in vivo and in vitro measures of testicular steroidgenesis after acute cadmium exposure in the Sprague-Dawley rat. J Toxicol Environ Health 27 (1989) 95-105
31. Forgács Z., Somosy Z., Kubinyi G., Sinay H., Bakos J., Thuróczy G., et al. Effects of whole-body 50-Hz magnetic field exposure on mouse Leydig cells. ScientificWorldJournal 4 S2 (2004) 83-90
32. Forgács Z., Thuróczy G., Paksy K., and Szabó D.L. Effect of sinusoidal 50 Hz magnetic field on the testosterone production of mouse primary Leydig cell culture. Bioelectromagnetics 19 (1998) 429-431
33. Jarupat S., Kawabata A., Tokura H., and Borkiewicz A. Effects of the 1900 MHz electromagnetic field emitted from cellular phone on nocturnal melatonin secretion. J Physiol Anthropol 22 (2003) 61-63
34. Jackson F.L., Heindel J.J., Preslock J.P., and Berkowitz A.S. Alterations in hypothalamic content of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone associated with pineal mediated testicular regression in the golden hamster. Biol Reprod 31 (1984) 436-445
35. Bittman E.L., Kaynard A.H., Olster D.H., Robinson J.E., Yellow S.M., and Karsch F.J. Pineal melatonin mediates photoperiodic control of pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion in the ewe. Neuroendocrinology 40 (1985) 409-418
36. i, and cyclic AMP. Physiol Res 47 (1998) 329-335
37. Valladares L., Moraga P., Ronco A.M., Pino A.M., and Ahumada A. A direct effect of melatonin on testicular steroidogenesis. J Steroid Biochem 36 Suppl. (1990) 87
38. Kus I., Akpolat N., Özen O.A., Songur A., Kavakli A., and Sarsilmaz N. Effects of melatonin on Leydig cells in pinealectomized rat: an immunohistochemical study. Acta Histochem 104 (2002) 93-97
39. Hyland GJ. The physiological and environmental effects of non-ionising electromagnetic radiation. EU Parliament, Bruxelles, March 2001. Available at: http://www.europarl.eu.int/stoa/publi/pdf/00-07-03_en.pdf.
40. Gartzke J., and Lange K. Cellular target of weak magnetic fields: ionic conduction along actin filaments of microvilli. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 283 (2002) C1333-C1346
41. Schwartz J.L., House D.E., and Mealing G.A. Exposure of frog hearts to CW or amplitude-modulated VHF fields: selective efflux of calcium ions at 16 Hz. Bioelectromagnetics 11 (1990) 349-358
42. Jennes L., Brame B., Centers A., Janovick J.A., and Conn P.M. Regulation of hippocampal gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor mRNA and GnRH-stimulated inositol phosphate production by gonadal steroid hormones. Mol Brain Res 33 (1995) 104-110
43. Haisenleder D.J., Workman L.J., Burger L.L., Aylor K.W., Dalkin A.C., and Marshall J.C. Gonadotropin subunit transcriptional responses to calcium signals in the rat: evidence for regulation by pulse frequency. Biol Reprod 65 (2001) 1789-1793
44. Liu F., Austin D.A., and Webster NJ.G. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone-desensitized LβT2 gonadotrope cells are refractory to acute protein kinase C, cyclic AMP, and calcium-dependent signaling. Endocrinology 144 (2003) 4354-4365
45. Van den Berghe G. The neuroendocrine response to stress is a dynamic process. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 15 (2001) 405-419
46. Kostic T.S., Andric S.A., Marie D., and Kovacevic R.Z. Inhibitory effects of stress-activated nitric oxide on antioxidant enzymes and testicular steroidogenesis. J Steroid Biochem 75 (2000) 299-306
47. Friedman H.L. Are chronic exposure to microwaves and polycythemia associated?. N Engl J Med 304 (1981) 357-358
48. Jensh R.P. Behavioral teratologic studies using microwave radiation: is there an increased risk from exposure to cellular phones and microwave ovens?. Reprod Toxicol 11 (1997) 601-611
49. Dasdag S., Akdag M.Z., Ayyildiz O., Demirtas O.C., Yayla M., and Sert C. Do cellular phones alter blood parameters and birth weight of rats?. Electro Magnetobiol 19 (2000) 107-113
50. Black D.R., and Heynick L.N. Radiofrequency (RF) effects on blood cells, cardiac, endocrine, and immunological functions. Bioelectromagnetics 6 Suppl. (2003) S187-S195
51. Trosic I., Busljeta I., and Pavicic I. Blood-forming system in rats after whole-body microwave exposure; reference to the lymphocytes. Toxicol Lett 154 (2004) 125-132