Stratosphere-troposphere exchange in a summertime extratropical low: Analysis

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

Volumn 6, Issue 8, 2006, Pages 2337-2353

  Brioude, J ^a   Cammas, J P ^a   Cooper, O R ^b  

^a OBSERVATOIRE MIDI PYRÉNÉES   (France)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AIRBORNE SENSING; BAROCLINIC MOTION; CARBON MONOXIDE; CYCLONE; EXTRATROPICAL ENVIRONMENT; LAGRANGIAN ANALYSIS; MIDLATITUDE ENVIRONMENT; OZONE; STRATOSPHERE-TROPOSPHERE INTERACTION; TRACE GAS;

EID: 33745541228     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-6-2337-2006     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. D'Aulerio, P., Fierli, F., Congeduti, F., and Redaelli, G.: Analysis of water vapor LIDAR measurements during the MAP campaign: evidence of sub-structures of stratospheric intrusions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1301-1310, 2005, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/5/1301/2005/.
2. Bader, M. J., Forbes, G. S., Grant, J. R., Lilley, R. B. E., and Waters, A. J.: Images in weather forecasting, A practical guide for interpreting satellite and radar imagery, Cambridge University Press, 1995.
3. Bethan, S., G. Vaughan, C. Gerbig, A. Volz-Thomas, H. Richer, and D. A. Tiddeman: Chemical air mass differences near fronts, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 13 413-13 434, 1998.
4. Beuermann, J., Konopka, P., Brunner, D., Bujok, O., Gunther, O., McKenna, D. S., Lelieveld, J., Muller, R., and Schiller, C.: High-resolution measurements and simulation of stratospheric and tro pospheric intrusions in the vicinity of the polar jet stream, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(12), 1577, doi:10.29/2001GL014162, 2002.
5. Browning, K. A. and Monk, G. A.: A simple model for the synoptic analysis of cold fronts, Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 108, 435-452, 1982.
6. Carlson, T. N.: Airflow through mid-latitude cyclones and the comma cloud pattern, Mon. Wea. Rev., 108, 1498-1509, 1980.
7. Cooper, O. R., Moody, J. L., Parrish, D. D., Trainer, M., Holloway, J. S., Ryerson, T. B., Húbler, G., Fehsenfeld, F. C., Oltmans, S. J., and Evans, M. J.: Trace gas signatures of the airstreams within North Atlantic cyclones: Case studies from the NARE'97 aircraft intensive experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 5437-5456, 2001.
8. 3 and CO, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D7), 4057, doi:10.1029/2001JD000902, 2002.
9. Crutzen, P., Lawrence, M., and Póschl, U.: On the background photochemistry of tropospheric ozone, Tellus, 51, 123-146, 1999.
10. Danielsen, E. F.: Stratospheric-Tropospheric exchange based on radioactivity, ozone and potential voracity, J. Atmos. Sci., 25, 502-518, 1968.
11. Hannan, J. R., Fuelberg, H. E., Crawford, J. H., Sachse, G. W., and Blake, D. R.: Role of wave cyclones in transporting boundary layer air to the free troposphere during the spring 2001 NASA/TRACE-P experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D20), 8785, doi:10.1029/2002JD003105, 2003.
12. Hauglustaine, D. A., Brasseur, G. P., Waters, S., Rasch, P. J., Muller, J.-F, Emons, L. K., and Carroll, M. A.: MOZART, A global chemical transport model for ozone and related chemical tracers. Part 2: Model results and evaluation, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 28 291-28 335, 1998.
13. Hegglin, M. I., Brunner, D., Wernli, H., Schwierz, C., Martius, O., Hoor, P., Fischer, H., Parchatka, U., Spelten, N., Schiller, C., Krebsbach M., Weers, U., Staehelin, J., and Peter, Th.: Tracing troposphere-to-Stratosphere transport above a mid-latitude deep convective system, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 741-756, 2004, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/4/741/2004/.
14. Helten M., Smit H., Strater W, Kley D., Nedelec P., Zoger M., and Busen R.: Calibration and performance of automatic compact in-strumentation for the measurement of relative humidity from passenger aircraft, J. of Geophys. Res., 103, 25 643-25 652, 1998.
15. Hobbs, P. V., Locatelli, J. D., and Martin, J. E.: Cold fronts aloft and the forecasting of precipitation and severe weather east of the Rocky Mountains, Wea. Forecasting, 5, 613-626, 1990.
16. 3-CO correlation from in-situ measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4044, doi:10.1029/2000JD000289, 2002.
17. Hoskins, B. J., McIntyre, M. E., and Robertson, A. W.: On the use and significance of isentropic potential vorticity maps, Quart. J. Roy.Meteor. Soc., 111, 877-946, 1985.
18. James, P., Stohl, A., Forster, C., Eckhardt, S., Seibert, P., and Frank, A.: A 15-year climatology of stratosphere-troposphere exchange with a Lagrangian particle dispersion model, Part 1: Methodology and validation, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D12), 8519, doi:10.1029/2002JD002637, 2003a.
19. James, P., Stohl, A., Forster, C., Eckhardt, S., Seibert, P., and Frank, A.: A 15-year climatology of stratosphere-troposphere echange with a Lagrangian particle dispersion model, Part 2: Mean climate and seasonal variability, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D12), 8522, doi:10.1029/2002JD002639, 2003b.
20. Mahfouf, J.-F. and Rabier, F.: The ECMWF operational implementation of four dimensional variational assimilation. Part II: Experimental results with improved physics, Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 126, 1171-1190, 2000.
21. Marenco, A., Thouret, V., Nédélec, P., Smit, H., Helten, M., Kley, D., Karcher, F., Simon, P., Law, K., Pyle, J., Poschmann, G., Von Wrede, R., Hume, C., and Cook, T.: Measurement of ozone and water vapor by Airbus in-service aircraft: The MOZAIC airborne program, An overview, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 25 631-25 642, 1998.
22. McMillan, W. W., Strow, L. L., Smith, W. L., Revercomb, H. E., Huang, H. L., Thompson, A. M., McNamara, D. P., and Ryan, W. F.: Remotre sensing of carbon monoxide over the continental United States on September 12-13, 1993, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 10 695-10 710, 1997.
23. Methven, J., Arnold, S. R., O Connor, R M., Barjat, H., Dewey, K., Kent, J., and Brough, N.: Estimating photochemically produced ozone throughout a domain using flight data and a Lagrangian model, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D9), 4271, doi:10.1029/2002JD002955, 2003.
24. Morgenstern, O. and Carver, G. D.: Comparison of cross-tropopause transport and ozone in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere region, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 10 205-10 221, 2001.
25. Nédélec, P., Cammas, J. -P., Thouret, V., Athier, G., Cousin, J. -M., Legrand, C., Abonnel, C., Lecoeur, F., Cayez, G., and Marizy, C.: An improved infrared carbon monoxide analyser for routine measurements aboard commercial Airbus aircraft: technical validation and first scientific results of the MOZAIC III programme, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1551-1564, 2003, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/3/1551/2003/.
26. Parrish, D. D., Trainer, M., Holloway, J. S., Yee, J. E., Warshawsky, M. S., Fehsenfeld, F. C., Forbes, G. L., and Moody, J. L.: Relationships between ozone and carbone monoxide at surface sites in the North Atlantic region, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 13 357-13 376, 1998.
27. Parrish, D. D., Holloway, J. S., Jakoubek, R., Trainer, M., Ryerson, T. B., Hübler, G., Fehsenfeld, F. C., Moody, J. L., and Cooper, O. R.: Mixing of anthropogenic pollution with stratospheric ozone: A case study from the North Atlantic wintertime troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 105(D19), 24 363-24 374, 2000.
28. Purvis, R. M., Lewis, A. C., Carney, R. A., et al.: Rapid uplift of nonmethane hydrocarbons in a cold front over central Europe, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D7), 4224, doi:10.1029/2002JD002521, 2003.
29. Rabier, F., Jarvinen, H., Klinker, E., Mahfouf, J.-R, and Simmons, A.: The ECMWF operational implementation of four-dimensional variational assimilation. Part I: Experimental results with simplified physics, Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 126, 1143-1170, 2000.
30. Schoeberl, M. R. and Newman, P. A.: A multiple-level trajectory analysis of vortex filaments, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 25 801-25 815, 1995.
31. Shapiro, M. A.: Turbulent mixing within tropopause folds as a mechanism for the exchange of chemical constituents between the stratosphere and troposphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 994-1004, 1980.
32. Sprenger, M., Croci Maspoli, M., and Wernli, H.: Tropopause folds and cross-tropopause transport: A global investigation based upon ECMWF analyses for the time period March 2000 to February 2001, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D12), 8518, doi:10.1029/2002JD002587, 2003.
33. Stevenson, D. S., Dentener, F. J., Schultz, M. G., et al.: Multimodel ensemble simulations of present-day and near-future tropospheric ozone, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D08301, doi:10.1029/2005JD006338, 2006.
34. Stohl, A.: Computation, accuracy and application of trajectories-a review and bibliography, Atmos. Environ., 32, 947-966, 1998.
35. Stohl, A.: A 1-year Lagrangian climatology of airstreams in the Northern Hemisphere troposphere and lowermost stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 7263-7279, 2001.
36. Stohl, A., Bonasoni, P., Cristofanelli, P., Collins, W., Feichter, J., Frank, A., Forster, C., Gerasopoulos, E., Gaggeler, H., James, P., Kentarchos, T., Kreipl, S., Kromp-Kolb, H., Kruger, B., sopoulos, Land, C., Meloen, J., Papayannis, A., Priller, A., Seibert, P., Sprenger, M., Roelofs, G. J., Scheel, E., Schnabel, C., Siegmund, P., Tobler, L., Trickl, T., Wernli, H., Wirth, V., Zanis, P., and Zerefos, C.: Stratosphere-troposphere exchange a review, and what we have learned from STACCATO, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D12), 8516, doi:10.1029/2002JD002490, 2003.
37. Sutton, R. T., Maclean, H., Swinbank, R., O'Neill, A., and Taylor, F. W.: High resolution stratospheric tracer fields estimated from satellite observations using Lagrangian trajectory calculations, J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 2995-3005, 1994.
38. Thouret, V., Marenco, A., Nédélec, P., and Grouhel, C.: Ozone climatologies at 9 12 km altitude as seen by the MOZAIC airborne program between September 1994 and August 1996, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 25 653-25 679, 1998.
39. Volz-Thomas, A., Berg, M., Heil, T., Houben, N., Lerner, A., Petrick, W., Raak, D., and Pätz, H.-W.: Measurements of total odd nitrogen (NOy) aboard MOZAIC in-service aircraft: instrument design, operation and performance, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 583-595, 2005, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/5/583/2005/ .
40. Wernli, H. and Davies, H. C.: A Lagrangian-based analysis of extratropical cyclones. I: The method and some applications, Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 123, 467-489, 1997.
41. Wernli, H. and Bourqui, M.: A Lagrangian 1-year climatolgy of (deep) cross-tropause exchange in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D2), 4021, doi:10.1029/2001JD000812, 2002.