Chemical air mass differences near fronts

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 103, Issue D11, 1998, Pages 13413-13434

  Bethan, S ^a   Vaughan, G ^a   Gerbig, C ^b   Volz Thomas, A ^b   Richer, H ^c   Tiddeman, D A ^c  

^a ABERYSTWYTH UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JÜLICH   (Germany)

^c MET OFFICE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AIR MASS; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; FRONT; OZONE;

(NORTH); ATLANTIC;

EID: 0032551079     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/98JD00535     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Banic, C.M., G.A. Isaac, H.R. Cho, and J.V. Iribane, The distribution of pollutants near a frontal surface: A comparison between field experiment and modelling, Water Air Soil Pollut., 30, 171-177, 1986.
2. Beekmann, M., G. Ancellet, and G. Mégie, Climatology of tropospheric ozone in southern Europe and its relation to potential vorticity, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 12841-12853, 1994.
3. Bolton, D., The computation of equivalent potential temperature, Mon. Weather Rev., 108, 1046-1053, 1980.
4. Browell, E.V., et al., Large-scale air mass characteristics observed over western Pacific during summertime, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 1691-1712, 1996.
5. Brown, R.M., P.H. Daum, S.E. Schwartz, and M.R. Hjelmfelt, Variations in the chemical composition of clouds during frontal passage, in The Meteorology of Acid Deposition, edited by P.J. Samson, pp. 202-212, Air Pollut. Control Assoc., Pittsburgh, Pa., 1984.
6. Browning, K.A., Organization of clouds and precipitation in extratropical cyclones, in Extratropical Cyclones - The Erik Palmén Memorial Volume, Am. Meteorol. Soc., 1990.
7. Browning, K.A., and B.W. Golding, Mesoscale aspects of a dry intrusion within a vigorous cyclone, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 121, 463-493, 1995.
8. Browning, K.A., and F.F. Hill, Mesoscale analysis of a polar trough interacting with a polar front, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 111, 445-462, 1985.
9. Browning, K.A., and G. A. Monk, A simple model for the synoptic analysis of cold fronts, Q. J .R. Meteorol. Soc., 108, 435-452, 1982.
10. Browning, K.A., and C.W. Pardoe, Structure of low-level jet streams ahead of mid-latitude cold fronts, Q. J. R. Met. Soc., 99, 619-638, 1973.
11. Browning, K.A., and N.M. Roberts, Structure of a frontal cyclone, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 120, 1535-1557, 1994.
12. Carlson, T.N., Airflow through midlatitude cyclones and the comma cloud pattern. Mon. Weather. Rev., 108, 1498-1509, 1980.
13. Carlson, T.N., Mid-Latitude Weather Systems, HarperCollins, New York, 1991.
14. Chatfield, R.B., and P.J. Crutzen, Sulfur dioxide in remote oceanic air: Cloud transport of reactive precursors, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 7111-7132, 1984.
15. Chaumerliac, N., R. Rosset, M. Renard, and E.C. Nickerson, The transport and redistribution of atmospheric gases in regions of frontal rain, J. Atmos. Chem., 14, 43-51, 1992.
16. Cho, H.R., M. Niewiadomski, J.V. Iribarne, and O. Melo, A model of the effect of cumulus clouds on the redistribution and transformation of pollutants, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 12895-12910, 1989.
17. 3 ratio in the lower stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 1653-1656, 1996.
18. Fishman, J., V. Ramanathan, P.J. Crutzen, and S.C. Liu, Tropospheric ozone and climate, Nature, 282, 818-820, 1979.
19. Freeman, M.H., Fronts investigated by the Meteorological Research Flight, Meteorol. Mag., 90, 189-203, 1961
20. Galloway, J.L., The three-front model: Its philosophy, nature, construction and use, Weather, 13, 3-10, 1958.
21. Gerbig, C., D. Kley, A. Volz-Thomas, J. Kent, K. Dewey, and D.S. McKenna, Fast-response resonance fluorescence CO measurements aboard the C-130: Instrument characterization and measurements made during NARE 1993, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 29317-29327, 1996.
22. Gimson, N.R., Dispersion and removal of pollutants during the passage of an atmospheric frontal system, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 120, 139-160, 1994.
23. Godson, W.L., Synoptic properties of frontal surfaces, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 77, 633-653, 1951.
24. Harrold, T.W., Mechanisms influencing the distribution of precipitation within baroclinic disturbances, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 99, 232-251, 1973.
25. Hegg, D.A., S.A. Rutledge, and P.V. Hobbs, A numerical model for sulfur chemistry in warm frontal rainbands, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 7133-7147, 1984.
26. Holton, J.R., P.H. Haynes, M.E. McIntyre, A.R. Douglass, R.B. Rood, and L. Pfister, Stratosphere-troposphere exchange, Rev. Geophys., 33(4), 403-439, 1995.
27. Kavassalis, T.A., O.T. Melo, J.V. Iribarne, and H.R. Cho, Cloud microphysics and acid rain formation in frontal circulations, in Meteorology of Acid Deposition, edited by J. Laznow and G.J. Stensland, pp. 278-301, Air Pollut. Control Assoc., Pittsburgh, Pa., 1986.
28. Kuo, Y.-H., R.J. Reed, and S. Low-Nam, Thermal structure and airflow in a model simulation of an occluded marine cyclone, Mon. Weather. Rev., 120, 2280-2297, 1992.
29. Kurz, M., Synoptic-scale waves, in Images in Weather Forecasting, edited by M.J. Bader et al., pp. 187-205, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 1995.
30. Levy, H., II, Normal atmosphere: Large radical and formaldehyde concentrations predicted, Science, 173, 141-143, 1971.
31. McKenna, D. S., C. J. Hord, and J. M. Kent. Hydroxyl radical concentrations and Kuwait oil fire emission rates for March 1991, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 26005-26025, 1995.
32. Murphy, D. M., D. W. Fahey, M. H. Proffitt, S. C. Liu, K. R. Chan, C. S. Eubank, S. R. Kawa, and K. K. Kelly, Reactive nitrogen and its correlation with ozone in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 8751-8774, 1993.
33. Nicholls, S., Measurement of turbulence by an instrumented aircraft in a convective atmospheric boundary layer over the sea, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 104, 653-676, 1978.
34. Niewiadomski, M., A passive pollutant in a three-dimensional field of convective clouds: Numerical simulations, Atmos. Environ., 20, 139-145, 1986.
35. Penner, C.M., A three-front model for synoptic analyses, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 81, 89-91, 1955.
36. Pickering, K.E., R.R. Dickerson, G.J. Huffman, J.F. Boatman, and A. Schanot, Trace gas transport in the vicinity of frontal convective clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 759-773, 1988.
37. Pickering, K.E., et al., Convective transport of biomass burning emissions over Brazil during TRACE A, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 23993-24012, 1996.
38. Ramanathan, V., and R.E. Dickinson, The role of stratospheric ozone in the zonal and seasonal radiation energy balance of the Earth troposphere system, J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 1084-1104, 1979.
39. Ritter, J.A., The determination of cloud base mass flux and the vertical redistribution of a conservative tracer, in The Meteorology of Acid Deposition, edited by P.J. Samson, pp. 177-188, Air Pollut. Control Assoc., Pittsburgh, Pa., 1984.
40. Schultz, D.M., and C.F. Mass, The occlusion process in a midlatitude cyclone over land, Mon. Weather Rev., 121, 918-940, 1993.
41. Sturman, A.P., and H.A. McGowan, An assessment of boundary-layer air mass characteristics associated with topographically-induced local wind systems, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 74, 181-193, 1995.
42. Wallace, J. M., and P. V. Hobbs. Atmospheric Science: An Introductory Survey, Academic Press, San Diego, Calif., 1997.
43. Weller, R., R. Lilishkis, O. Schrems, R. Neuber, and S. Wessel, Vertical ozone distribution in the marine atmosphere over the central Atlantic Ocean (56°S-50°N), J. Geophys. Res., 101, 1387-1399, 1996.
44. Wernli, H., A Lagrangian-based analysis of extratropical cyclones, II, A detailed case study, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 123, 1677-1707, 1997.
45. Wernli, H. and H.C. Davies, A Lagrangian-based analysis of extratropical cyclones, I, The method and some applications, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 123, 467-490, 1997.
46. Wickham, P.G., The practice of weather forecasting. Her Majesty's Stn. Off., Norwich, England, 1970.
47. Wild, O., K. S. Law, D. S. McKenna, B. J. Bandy, S. A. Penkett, and J. A. Pyle, Photochemical trajectory modeling of studies of the North Atlantic region during August 1993, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 29269-29288, 1996.
48. Young, M.V., G.A. Monk and K.A. Browning, Interpretation of satellite imagery of a rapidly deepening cyclone, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 113, 1089-1115, 1987.