Postoperative metabolic stress: Interventional strategies

Minerva Anestesiologica

Volumn 72, Issue 6, 2006, Pages 413-418

  Carli, Franco ^a  

^a MCGILL UNIVERSITY HEALTH CENTRE   (Canada)

Author keywords

Metabolic process; Postoperative complications; Stress

Indexed keywords

AMINO ACID DERIVATIVE; ANABOLIC AGENT; ANESTHETIC AGENT; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; FRUCTOSE; GLUCOSE; GLUTAMINE; GROWTH HORMONE; INSULIN; MORPHINE; OPIATE DERIVATIVE; SORBITOL; XYLITOL;

ANESTHESIST; ARTICLE; DRUG COST; EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA; FEEDING; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; HUMAN; HYPERGLYCEMIA; METABOLIC DISORDER; NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT; PERIOPERATIVE PERIOD; POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING; POSTOPERATIVE PAIN; POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; PROTEIN DEPLETION; SURGICAL STRESS; TOTAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TREATMENT PLANNING; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT;

ANESTHESIA; HUMANS; METABOLIC DISEASES; NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS; STRESS;

EID: 33745269836     PISSN: 03759393     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Lattermann R, Carli F, Wykes L, Schricker T. Epidural blockade modifies perioperative glucose production without affecting protein catabolism. Anesthesiology 2002;97:374-81.
2. Chaney MA, Nikolov MP, Blakeman BP, Bakhos M. Attempting to maintain normoglycemia during cardiopulmonary bypass with insulin may initiate postoperative hypoglycemia. Anesth Analg 1999;89:1091-5.
3. Carvalho G, Moore A, Qizilbash B, Lachapelle K, Schricker T. Maintenance of normoglycemia during open cardiac surgery. Anesth Analg 2004;99:319-24.
4. Schricker T, Carvalho G. An ounce of prevention worth a pound of cure. Can J Anesth 2004;51:948-9.
5. Cuthbertson DP. Post-shock metabolic response. Lancet 1942;1:433-6.
6. Simmons PS, Miles JM, Gerich JE, Haymond MW. Increased proteolysis: an effect of increases in plasma cortisol within the physiological range. J Clin Invest 1984;24:412-20.
7. Frayn KN. Hormonal control of metabolism in trauma and sepsis. Clin Endocrinol 1986;24;577-9.
8. Deibert DC, DeFronzo RA. Epinephrine-induced insulin resistance in man. J Clin Invest 1980;65:717-21.
9. Thorell A, Nygren J, Ljungqvist O. Insulin resistance: a marker of surgical stress. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 1999;2:69-78.
10. Ljungqvist O, Nygren J, Thorell A. Insulin resistance and elective surgery. Surgery 2000;128:757-60.
11. Umpierrez GE, Isaacs SD, Bazargan H, You X, Thaler LM, Kitabchi AE. Hyperglycemia: an independent marker of in-hospital mortality in patients with undiagnosed diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87:978-82.
12. Krinsley JS. Association between hyperglycemia and increased hospital mortality in a heterogenous population of critically ill patients. Mayo Clin Proc 2003;78: 1471-8.
13. Gore DC, Chinkes D, Heggers JP, Herndon DN, Wolf SE, Desai M. Association of hyperglycaemia with increased mortality after severe burn injury. J Trauma 2001;51:540-4.
14. Furnary A, Gao G, Grunkeimer GL, Wu, YX, Zerr KJ, Bookin SO et al. Continuous insulin infusion reduces mortality in patients with diabetes undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003;125:1007-21.
15. Rady MY, Ryan T, Starr NJ. Perioperative determinants of morbidity and mortality in elderly patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Crit Care Med 1998;26: 225-35.
16. McAlister FA, Man J, Bistritz L, Amad H, Tandon P. Diabetes and coronary artery bypass surgery: an examination of perioperative glycemic control and outcomes. Diabetes Care 2003;26:1518-24.
17. Capes SE, Hunt D, Malmberg K, Gerstein HC. Stress hyperglycaemia and increased of death after myocardial infarction in patients with an without diabetes mellitus: a systematic overview. Lancet 2000;355:773-8.
18. Bolk J, van der Ploeg T, Cornel JH, Arnold AE, Sepers J, Umans VA. Impaired glucose metabolism predicts mortality after a myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2001;79:207-14.
19. McAlister FA, Majumdar SR, Blitz S, Rowe BH, Romney J, Marrie TJ. The relation between hyperglycemia and outcomes in 2,471 patients admitted to the hospital with community-aquired pneumonia. Diabetes Care 2005;28:810-5.
20. Weekers F, Giulietti A, Michalaki M, Coopmans W, Van Herck E, Mathieu C et al. Metabolic, endocrine, and immune effects of stress hyperglycemia in a rabbit model of prolonged critical illness. Endocrinology 2003;144:5329-38.
21. Kwoun MO, Ling PR, Lydon E, Imrich A, Qu Z, Palombo J et al. Immunologic effects of acute hyperglycemia in nondiabetic rats. JPEN 1997;21:91-5.
22. Guvener M, Pasaoglu I, Demircen M, Oc M. Perioperative hyperglycemia is a strong correlate of postoperative infection in type II diabetic patients after coronary artery bypass grafting. Endocr J 2002;49:531-7.
23. Kinney JM, Elwyn DW. Protein metabolism and injury. Ann Rev Nutr 1983;3:433-66.
24. Christensen T, Bendix T, Kehlet H. Fatigue and cardiorespiratory function following abdominal surgery. Br J Surg 1982;69;417-21.
25. Windsor J, Hill G. Weight loss with physiologic impairment. Ann Surg 1988;207:290-6.
26. Watters J, Clancey S, Moulton S, Briere K, Zhu J. Impaired recovery of strength in older patients after major abdominal surgery. Ann Surg 1993;218:380-93.
27. Arora NS, Rochester DF. Respiratory muscle strength and maximal voluntary ventilation in undernourished patients. Am Rev Respir Dis 1982;126:5-8.
28. Chang D, Desanti L, Demling R. Anticatabolic strategies in critical illness. A review of currrent treatment modalities. Shock 1998;10:155-60.
29. Ponting G, Halliday D, Teale J, Sim A. Postoperative positive nitrogen balance with intravenous hyponutrition and growth hormone. Lancet 1988;1:438-40.
30. Woolfson A, Heatley R, Allison S. Insulin to inhibit protein catabolism after surgery. N Engl J Med 1979;300:14-7.
31. Herndon D, Hart D, Wolf S, Chinkes D, Wolfe R. Reversal of catabolism by beta-blockade after severe burns. N Engl J Med 2001;345:1223-9.
32. Satyanarayana R, Klein S. Clinical efficacy of perioperative nutrition support. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 1998;1:51-8.
33. Schricker T, Kugler B, Träger K, Anhäupl T, Vogt J, Georgieff M. Effects of xylitol on carbohydrate and protein metabolism after trauma and during sepsis. Nutr Hosp 1993;8:471-8.
34. Garcia de Lorenzo A, Culebras J, Zarazaga A, Rodriguez Montes J. Carbohydrates - no glucose - in parenteral nutrition. Nutr Hosp 1996;171:17-28.
35. Felbinger T, Suchner U, Schmitz J. Carbohydrates and polyols during hypercaloric parenteral feeding of the critically ill patient. Anästhesiol Intensive Med 2000;41:509-18.
36. Stehle P, Zander J, Mertes N, Albers S, Puchstein C, Lawin P et al. Effect of parenteral glutamine peptide supplements on muscle glutamine loss and nitrogen balance after major surgery. Lancet 1989;1:231-3.
37. Ziegler TR, Young LS, Benfell K, Scheltinga M, Hortos K, Bye R et al. Clinical and metabolic efficacy of glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition following bone marrow transplantation: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Ann Intern Med 1992;116:821-8.
38. Griffiths RD, Jones C, Palmer TEA. Six-month outcome of critically ill patients given glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition. Nutrition 1997;13:295-302.
39. Kern K, Bower R, Atamian S, Matarese L, Shory M, Fisher J. The effect of a new branched chain enriched amino acid solution on postoperative catabolism. Surgery 1982;92:780-5.
40. Sapir D, Stewart P, Walser M, Moreadith C, Moyer E, Imbembo A et al. Effects of alpha-ketoisocaproate and of leucine on nitrogen metabolism in postoperative patients. Lancet 1983;1:1010-4.
41. Schricker T. The catabolic response to surgery: how can it be modified by the anesthesiologist? Can J Anesth 2001;48:R13-R17.
42. Sandstedt S, Jorfeldt L, Larsson J. Randomized, controlled study evaluating effects of branched chain amino acids and alpha-ketoisocaproate on protein metabolism after surgery. Br J Surg 1992;79:217-20.
43. Schricker T, Carli F, Schreiber M, Wachter U, Geisser W, Lattermann R et al. Propofol/sufentanil anesthesia suppresses the metabolic and endocrine response during, not after, lower abdominal surgery. Anesth Analg 2000;90:450-5.
44. Takala Y, Ruokonen E, Webster N, Nielsen M, Zandstra D, Vundelinckx G et al. Increased mortality asociated with growth hormone treatment in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 1999;341:785-92.
45. Pfeiffer J, Danner E, Schmidt P. Oxalate induced encephalitic reactions to polyol-containing infusions during intensive care. Clin Neuropathol 1984;3:76-87.
46. Van den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F, Verwaest C, Bruyninckx F, Schetz M et al. Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 2001;345:1359-67.
47. Krinsley JS. Effect of an intensive glucose management protocol on the mortality of critically ill adult patients. Mayo Clin Proc 2004;79:992-1000.
48. Van den Berghe G, Schoonheydt K, Becx P, Bruyninckx F, Wouters PJ. Insulin therapy protects the central and peripheral nervous system of intensive care patients. Neurology 2005;64;1348-53.
49. Chaney MA, Nikolov MP, Blakeman BP, Bakhos M. Attempting to maintain normoglycemia during cardiopulmonary bypass with insulin may initiate postoperative hypoglycemia. Anesth Analg 1999;89:1091-5.
50. Kuntschen FR, Galletti PM, Hahn C. Glucose-insulin interactions during cardiopulmonary bypass. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1986;91:451-9.
51. Rodgers A, Walker N, Schug S, McKee A, Kehlet H, van Zundert A et al. Reduction of postoperative mortality and morbidity with epidural or spinal anesthesia: results from overview of randomised trials. BMJ 2000;321:1493-7.
52. Beattie W, Badner N, Choi P. Epidural analgesia reduces postoperative myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis. Anesth Analg 2001;93:853-8.
53. Ballantyne JC, Carr DB, deFerranti S, Suarez T, Lau J, Chalmers TC, et al. The comparative effects of postoperative analgesic therapies on pulmonary outcome: cumulative meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Anesth Analg 1998;86:598-612.
54. Park W, Thompson J, Lee K. Effect of epidural anesthesia and analgesia on perioperative outcome. A randomized, controlled veterans affairs cooperative study. Ann Surg 2001;234:560-71.
55. Rigg J, Jamrozik K, Myles P, et al. Epidural anaesthesia and analgesia and outcome of major surgery: a randomised trial. Lancet 2002;359:1276-82.
56. Kehlet H. Modifications of responses to surgery and anesthesia by neural blockade: clinical implications. In: Cousins M, Bridenbaugh P eds. Neural blockade in clinical anesthesia and management of pain. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1998.p.129-75.
57. Engquist A, Brandt M, Fernandes A. The blocking effect of epidural analgesia on the adrenocortical and hyperglycaemic responses to surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1977;21:330-5.
58. Kehlet H, Brandt M, Prange-Hansen A, Alberti K. Effect of epidural analgesia on metabolic profiles during and after surgery. Br J Surg 1979;66:543-6.
59. Vedrinne C, Vedrinne J, Giraud M, Patricot M, Beuletreau P. Nitrogen-sparing effect of epidural administration of local anesthetics in colon surgery. Anesth Analg 1989;69:354-9.
60. Brandt M, Fernandes A, Mordhorst R, Kehlet H. Epidural analgesia improves postoperative nitrogen balance. Br Med J 1978;1:1106-9.
61. Barratt S, Smith R, Klee A, Carlsson A, Mather L, Cousins M. Epidural analgesia reduces the release of amino acids from peripheral tissues in the ebb phase of the metabolic response to major upper abdominal surgery. Anaesth Intensive Care 1999;27:26-32.
62. Carli F, Halliday D. Continuous epidural blockade arrests the postoperative decrease in muscle protein fractional synthetic rate in surgical patients. Anesthesiology 1997;86:1033-40.
63. Schricker T, Wykes L, Carli F. Epidural blockade improves substrate utilization after surgery. J Physiol 2000;279:E646-E653.
64. Sax H. Complications of total parenteral nutrition and their prevention. In: Rombeau J, Caldwell M eds. Clinical nutrition: parenteral nutrition. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company, 1993.p.367-81.
65. Schricker T, Meterissian S, Wykes L, Eberhart L, Lattermann R, Carli F. Postoperative protein sparing with epidural analgesia and hypocaloric glucose. Ann Surg 2004;240:916-21.
66. Felbinger T, Suchner U, Schmitz J. Carbohydrates and polyols during hypercaloric parenteral feeding of the critically ill patient. Anästhesiol Intensivmed 2000;41: 509-18.
67. Stehle P, Zander J, Mertes N, Albers S, Puchstein C, Lawin P et al. Effect of parenteral glutamine peptide supplements on muscle glutamine loss and nitrogen balance after major surgery. Lancet 1989;1:231-3.
68. Ponting G, Halliday D, Teale J, Sim A. Postoperative positive nitrogen balance with intravenous hyponutrition and growth hormone. Lancet 1988;1:438-40.
69. Nygren J, Thorell A, Soop M, Efendic S, Brismar K, Karpe F et al. Perioperative insulin and glucose infusion maintains normal insulin sensitivity after surgery. Am J Physiol 1998;275:E140-E148.
70. Ljungqvist O, Thorell A, Gutniak M, Häggmark T, Efendic S. Glucose infusion instead of preoperative fasting reduces postoperative insulin resistance. J Am Coll Surg 1994;178:329-36.
71. Hessov I, Ljungqvist O. Perioperative oral nutrition. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 1998;1:29-33.
72. Hausel J, Nygren J, Lagerkranser M, Hellstrom PM, Hammarqvist F, Almstrom C et al. A carbohydrate-rich drink reduces preoperative dyscomfort in elective surgery patients. Anesth Analg 2001;93:1344-50.
73. Hausel J, Nygren J, Thorell A, Lagerkranser M, Ljungqvist O. Randomized clinical trial of the effects of oral preoperative carbohydrates on postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg 2005;92:415-21.