A rural-urban comparison of the characteristics of the metabolic syndrome by gender in Korea: The Korean Health and Genome Study (KHGS)

Journal of Endocrinological Investigation

Volumn 29, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 313-319

  Lim, S ^a   Jang, H C ^a   Lee, H K ^a   Kimm, K C ^b   Park, C ^b   Cho, N H ^c  

^a Seoul National University College of Medicine   (South Korea)

^b Korea National Institute of Health   (South Korea)

^c Ajou University School of Medicine   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Korean; Metabolic syndrome; Prevalence; Rural; Urban

Indexed keywords

GLUCOSE; INSULIN;

ADULT; ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; ARTICLE; BODY COMPOSITION; BODY HEIGHT; BODY WEIGHT; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIET RESTRICTION; EDUCATION; EXERCISE; FEMALE; GENDER; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HEALTH EDUCATION; HIP; HUMAN; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA; INSULIN BLOOD LEVEL; KOREA; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; OBESITY; PREVALENCE; PRIMARY PREVENTION; RISK FACTOR; SMOKING; SOCIAL ASPECT; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; URBAN RURAL DIFFERENCE; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE;

EID: 33745184213     PISSN: 03914097     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/BF03344102     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Meigs JB. Invited commentary: insulin resistance syndrome? Syndrome X? Multiple metabolic syndrome? A syndrome at all? Factor analysis reveals patterns in the fabric of correlated metabolic risk factors. Am J Epidemiol 2000, 152: 908-11.
2. Trevisan M, Liu J, Bahsas FB, Menotti A. Syndrome X and mortality: a population-based study. Risk Factor and Life Expectancy Research Group. Am J Epidemiol 1998, 148: 958-66.
3. Isomaa B, Almgren P, Tuomi T, et al, Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care 2001, 24:683-9.
4. Wilson PW, Kannel WB, Silbershatz H, D'Agostino RB. Clustering of metabolic factors and coronary heart disease. Arch Intern Med 1999, 159: 1104-9.
5. Haffner SM, Valdez RA, Hazuda HP, Mitchell BD, Morales PA, Stern MP. Prospective analysis of the insulin-resistance syndrome (syndrome X). Diabetes 1992, 41: 715-22.
6. Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA 2001, 285: 2486-97.
7. Ford ES, Giles WH, Dietz WH. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA 2002, 287: 356-9.
8. Chen CH, Lin KC, Tsai ST, Chou P. Different association of hypertension and insulin-related metabolic syndrome between men and women in 8437 nondiabetic Chinese. Am J Hypertens 2000, 13: 846-53.
9. Al Lawati JA, Mohammed AJ, Al Hinai HQ, Jousilahti P. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among Omani adults. Diabetes Care 2003, 26:1781-5.
10. Araneta MR, Wingard DL, Barrett-Connor E. Type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome in Filipina-American women: a highrisk nonobese population. Diabetes Care 2002, 25:494-9.
11. STAT-Korea, Census, (http://www.nso.go.kr/cgi-bin/sws_999.cgi). Korea National Statistical Office 2003.
12. Park JS, Park HD, Yun JW, Jung CH, Lee WY, Kim SW. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome as defined by NCEP-ATP III among the urban Korean population. Korean J Intern Med (Korean) 2002, 63:290-8.
13. Song J, Kim E, Shin C, et al. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among South Korean adults: the Ansan study. Diabetic Medicine 2004, 21:1154-5.
14. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Report 1998. Ministry of Health and Welfare, Seoul, South Korea (in Korean) 2001.
15. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Report 2001. Ministry of Health and Welfare, Seoul, South Korea (in Korean) 2004.
16. STAT-Korea, Census 2000. Korea National Statistical Office 2001.
17. Vache C, Rousset P, Gachon P, et. al. Bioelectrical impedance analysis measurements of total body water and extracellular water in healthy elderly subjects. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1998, 22:537-43.
18. Gray DS, Bray GA, Gemayel N, Kaplan K. Effect of obesity on bioelectrical impedance. Am J Clin Nutr 1989, 50: 255-60.
19. Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 1972, 18: 499-502.
20. Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia 1985, 28: 412-9.
21. WHO West Pacific Region. The Asia-Pacific Perspective: Redefining obesity and its treatment. International Obesity Task Force 2000, 2: 15-21.
22. Abdul-Rahim HF, Husseini A, Bjertness E, Giacaman R, Gordon NH, Jervell J. The metabolic syndrome in the West Bank population: an urban-rural comparison. Diabetes Care 2001, 24: 275-9.
23. Kim S, Moon S, Popkin BM. The nutrition transition in South Korea. Am J Clin Nutr 2000, 71: 44-53.
24. Shephard RJ, Cox M, West C. Some factors influencing serum lipid levels in a working population. Atherosclerosis 1980, 35: 287-300.
25. Linn S, Fulwood R, Rifkind B, et al. High density lipoprotein cholesterol levels among US adults by selected demographic and socioeconomic variables. The Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1976-1980. Am J Epidemiol 1989, 129: 281-94.
26. Marrugat J, Elosua R, Covas MI, Molina L, Rubies-Prat J. Amount and intensity of physical activity, physical fitness, and serum lipids in men. The MARATHOM Investigators. Am J Epidemiol 1996, 143: 562-9.
27. He M, Tan KC, Li ET, Kung AW. Body fat determination by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and its relation to body mass index and waist circumference in Hong Kong Chinese. Int J Obes Relat Metab Discord 2001, 25: 748-52.
28. Deurenberg-Yap M, Deurenberg P. Is a re-evaluation of WHO body mass index cut-off values needed? The case of Asians in Singapore. Nutr Rev 2003, 61: S80-S87.
29. Suk SH, Sacco RL, Boden-Albala B, et al. Abdominal obesity and risk of ischemic stroke: the Northern Manhattan Stroke Study. Stroke 2003, 34: 1586-92.
30. Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Giovannucci E, et al. Body size and fat distribution as predictors of coronary heart disease among middle-aged and older US men. Am J Epidemiol 1995, 141: 1117-27.
31. Must A, Spadano J, Coakley EH, Field AE, Colditz G, Dietz WH. The disease burden associated with overweight and obesity. JAMA 1999, 282: 1523-9.
32. Laaksonen DE, Lakka HM, Niskanen LK, Kaplan GA, Salonen JT, Lakka TA. Metabolic syndrome and development of diabetes mellitus: application and validation of recently suggested definitions of the metabolic syndrome in a prospective cohort study. Am J Epidemiol 2002, 156: 1070-7.
33. Ross R, Dagnone D, Jones PJ, et al. Reduction in obesity and related comorbid conditions after diet-induced weight loss or exercise-induced weight loss in men. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 2000, 133: 92-103.
34. Lakka TA, Venalainen JM, Rauramaa R, Salonen R, Tuomilehto J, Salonen JT. Relation of leisure-time physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness to the risk of acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1994, 330: 1549-54.
35. Lynch J, Helmrich SP, Lakka TA, et al. Moderately intense physical activities and high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness reduce the risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in middle-aged men. Arch Intern Med 1996, 156: 1307-14.
36. Tuomilehto J, Lindstrom J, Eriksson JG, et al. Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. N Engl J Med 2001, 344: 1343-50.