Brief focal ultrasound with topical anesthetic decreases the pain of intravenous placement in children

Pediatric Emergency Care

Volumn 22, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 339-345

  Skarbek Borowska, Sara ^a   Becker, Bruce M ^a,c   Lovgren, Kirsten ^a   Bates, Adriana ^a   Minugh, P Allison ^b  

^a RHODE ISLAND HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b DataCorp Inc   (United States)

^c HASBRO CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Intravenous catheter; LMX4; Sonophoresis; SonoPrep

Indexed keywords

ANESTHETIC AGENT; LIDOCAINE; LIPOSOME;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; APPLICATION SITE PAIN; ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; EMERGENCY WARD; FEMALE; HUMAN; INTRAVENOUS CATHETER; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PAIN ASSESSMENT; PEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA; RANDOMIZATION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SCHOOL CHILD; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; TOPICAL ANESTHESIA; ULTRASOUND THERAPY; VEIN CATHETERIZATION; VEIN PAIN; VISUAL ANALOG SCALE;

ADMINISTRATION, TOPICAL; ADOLESCENT; ANESTHETICS, LOCAL; ATTITUDE OF HEALTH PERSONNEL; CATHETERIZATION, PERIPHERAL; CHILD; COMBINED MODALITY THERAPY; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; EMERGENCY NURSING; ERYTHEMA; HUMANS; INFUSIONS, INTRAVENOUS; LIDOCAINE; PAIN; PAIN MEASUREMENT; PATIENT SATISFACTION; PEDIATRICS; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; TREATMENT OUTCOME; ULTRASONIC THERAPY;

EID: 33744826273     PISSN: 07495161     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.pec.0000216566.33747.5b     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Cummings EA, Reid GJ, Finley FA, et al. Prevalence and source of pain in pediatric inpatients. Pain. 1996;68:25-31.
2. EMLA [package insert]. AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE.
3. Teillol-Foo WLM, Kassab JY. Topical glyceryl trinitrate and eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics in children. Anaesthesia. 1991; 46:881-884.
4. Friedman PM, Mafong EA, Friedman ES, et al. Topical anesthetics update: EMLA and beyond. Dermatol Surg. 2001;27:1019-1026.
5. Eichenfield LF, Funk A, Fallon-Friedlander S, et al. A clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of ELA-Max (4% liposomal lidocaine) as compared with eutectic mixture of local anesthetics cream for pain reduction of venipuncture in children. Pediatrics. 2002;109:1093-1099.
6. Kleiber C, Sorenson M, Whiteside K, et al. Topical anesthetics for intravenous insertion in children: a randomized equivalency study. Pediatrics. 2002;110:758-761.
7. Taddio A, Soin HK, Schuh S, et al. Liposomal lidocaine to improve procedural success rates and reduce procedural pain among children: a randomized controlled study. CMAJ. 2005;172(13)1691-1695.
8. Chen BK, Cunningham BB. Topical anesthetics in children: agents and techniques that equally comfort patients, parents, and clinicians. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2001;13:324-330.
9. Galinkin JL, Rose JB, Harris K, et al. Lidocaine iontophoresis versus eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA®) for IV placement in children. Anesth Analg. 2002;94:1484-1488.
10. Zempsky WT, Ashbura MA. Iontophoresis: noninvasive drug delivery. Am J Anesthesiol. 1998;25:158-162.
11. Zempsky WT, Anand KJ, Sullivan KM, et al. Lidocaine iontophoresis for topical anesthesia before intravenous line placement in children. J Pediatr. 1998;132:1061-1063.
12. Kim MK, Kini NM, Troshynski TJ, et al. A randomized clinical trial of dermal anesthesia by iontophoresis for peripheral intravenous catheter placement in children. Ann Emerg Med. 1999;33:395-399.
13. Rose JB, Galinkin JL, Jantzen EC, et al. A study of lidocaine iontophoresis for pediatric venipuncture. Anesth Analg. 2002;94:867-871.
14. Zeltzer L, Regalado M, Nichter LS, et al. Iontophoresis versus subcutaneous injection: a comparison of two methods of local anesthesia delivery in children. Pain. 1991;44:73-78.
15. Ashburn MA, Stephen RL, Ackerman E, et al. Iontophoretic delivery of morphine for postoperative analgesia. J Pain Symptom Manage. 1992;7:27-33.
16. Mitragotri S, Kost J. Low-frequency sonophoresis: a non-invasive method of drug delivery and diagnosis. Biotechnol Prog. 2000;16:488-492.
17. Katz NP, Shapiro DE, Herrman TE, et al. Rapid onset of cutaneous anesthesia with EMLA cream after pretreatment with a new ultrasound-emitting device. Anesth Analg. 2004;98:371-376.
18. Becker BM, Helfrich S, Baker E, et al. Ultrasound with topical anesthetic rapidly decreases pain of intravenous sticks. Acad Emerg Med. 2005;12:289-295.
19. Koh JL, Harrison D, Myers R, et al. A randomized, double-blind comparison of EMLA and ELA-Max for topical anesthesia in children undergoing intravenous insertion. Paediatr Anaesth. 2004;14:977-982.
20. Freeman JA, Doyle E, Im NG, et al. Topical anesthesia of the skin: a review. Paediatr Anaesth. 1993;3:129-138.
21. Lawson RA, Smart NG, Gudgeon AC, et al. Evaluation of an amethocaine gel in preparation for percutaneous analgesia before venous cannulation in children. Br J Anaesth. 1995;75:282-285.
22. Tezel A, Sens A, Tuchscherer J, et al. Synergistic effect of low-frequency ultrasound and surfactants on skin permeability. J Pharm Sci. 2002;91:91-100.
23. Mitragotri S, Ray D, Farrell J, et al. Synergistic effect of low-frequency ultrasound and sodium lauryl sulfate on transdermal transport. J Pharm Sci. 2000;89:892-900.
24. Tang H, Blankschtein D, Langer R. Effects of low-frequency ultrasound on the transdermal permeation of mannitol: comparative studies with in vivo and in vitro skin. J Pharm Sci. 2002;91:1776-1794.
25. Pitetti RD. Do no harm - but first, do not hurt. CMAJ. 2005;172:1699.
26. Zempsky WT, Cravero JP. Relief of pain and anxiety in pediatric patients in emergency medical systems. Pediatrics. 2004;114:1348-1356.
27. Collins SL, Moore RA, McQuay HJ. The visual analogue pain intensity scale: what is moderate pain in millimeters? Pain. 1997;72:95-97.