Impact of same-sex harassment and gender-role stereotypes on Title VII protection for gay, lesbian, and bisexual employees

Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal

Volumn 18, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 3-19

  Berkley, Robyn A ^a   Watt, Alisa H ^a  

^a RENSSELAER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

Gender role stereotypes; Glb employees; Same sex harassment

Indexed keywords

EID: 33744754776     PISSN: 08927545     EISSN: 15733378     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10672-005-9001-8     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. 108th Congress. (2004a). 108th Congress Hearing before the Committee on the Judiciary United States Senate. A Proposed Constitutional Amendment to Preserve Traditional Marriage, 23 March 2004 http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/useftp.cgi?IPaddress= 162.140.64.128&filename=98156.pdf&directory=/disk5/wais/ data/108_senate_hearings.
2. 108th Congress. (2004b). 108th Congress Hearing before the Subcommittee on the Constitution of the Committee on the Judiciary House of Representatives. Legal Threats to Traditional Marriage: Implications for Public Policy, 22 April 2004 http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/ useftp.cgi?IPaddress=162.140.64.128&filename= 93225.pdf&directory=/disk5/wais/data/108_house_hearings.
3. 108th Congress. (2004c). 108th Congress Hearing before the Subcommittee on the Constitution of the Committee on the Judiciary House of Representatives. Federal Marriage Amendment (The Musgrave Amendment), 13 May 2004 http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/useftp.cgi?IPaddress= 162.140.64.128&filename=93656.pdf&directory=/disk5/wais/data/ 108_house_hearings.
4. 'Babies R Us' to Pay $205,000, Implement Training Due to Same-Sex Harassment of Male Employee, U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (http://www.eeoc.gov/press/1-13-03.html).
5. Bayer, R. (1981). Homosexual and American Psychiatry: The Politics of Diagnosis. Basic Books. New York, NY.
6. Besen, W. R. (2003). Anything But Straight. Binghamton, NY: Harrington Park Press.
7. Boldry, J., Wood, W., & Kashy, D. A. (2001). Gender stereotypes and the evaluation of men and women in military training. Journal of Social Issues, 57, 689-705.
8. Boyce, L. A., & Herd, A. M. (2003). The relationship between gender role stereotypes and requisite military leadership characteristics. Sex Roles, 49, 365-378.
9. Brewer, M. (1979). In-group bias in the minimal group situation: A cognitive-motivational analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 307-324.
10. Broverman, I. K., Vogel, S. R., Broverman, D. M., Clarkson, F. E., & Rosenkrantz, P. S. (1972). Sex-role stereotypes: A current appraisal. Journal of Social Issues, 28(2), 59-78.
11. Cames, I., Vinnicombe, S., & Singh, V. (2001). Profiles of "successful managers" held by male and female banking managers across Europe. Women in Management Review, 16, 108-117.
12. Clair, J. A., Beatty, J. E., & MacLean, T. L. (2005). Out of sight but not out of mind: Managing invisible social identities in the workplace. Academy of Management Review, 30(1), 78-95.
13. Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), Pub. L. 104-199, Stat. 2419 (September 21, 1996).
14. Eagly, A. H., & Carli, L. L. (2003a). The female leadership advantage: An evaluation of the evidence. The Leadership Quarterly, 14, 807-834.
15. Eagly, A. H., & Carli, L. L. (2003b). Finding gender advantage and disadvantage: Systematic research integration is the solution. The Leadership Quarterly, 14, 851-859.
16. Eagly, A. H., & Karau, S. J. (2002). Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders. Psychological Review, 109, 573-598.
17. EEOC v. Babies R Us, Inc. [Case No. 02-CV-989(WGB)], U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey (2005).
18. English, H. (2003). Gender on Trial: Sexual Stereotypes and Work/Life Balance in the Legal Workplace. New York: ALM Publishing.
19. Frable, D. E. S. (1989). Sex-typing and gender ideology: Two facts of the individual's gender psychology that go together. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 95-108.
20. Goodridge v. Mass. Department of Public Health, 440 Mass. 309, 798 NE2d 941 (2003).
21. Gutman, A. (1993). EEO Law and Personnel Practices. Newbury Park: Sage Publications.
22. Heilman, M. E. (2001). Description and prescription: How gender stereotypes prevent women's ascent up the organizational ladder. Journal of Social Issues, 57, 657-674.
23. Jenkin, N., & Vroegh, K. (1969). Contemporary concepts of masculinity and femininity. Psychological Reports, 25, 679-697.
24. Komarovsky, M. (1946). Cultural contradictions and sex roles. American Sociological Review, 52, 184-189.
25. LaDay v. Catalyst Technology Inc., 302 F.3d 474 (5th Cir. 2002).
26. Lane, N., & Crane, A. (2002). Revisiting gender role stereotyping in the sales profession. Journal of Business Ethics, 40, 121-132.
27. Lane, N., & Piercy, N. F. (2003). The ethics of discrimination: Organizational mindsets and female employment disadvantage. Journal of Business Ethics, 44, 313-325.
28. Lawrence and Garner v. Texas, 539 U.S. 558 (2003).
29. Magezis, J. (1996). Women's Studies. Chicago, IL: NTC Publishing Group.
30. Meritor Savings Bank, FSB v. Vinson, 477 U.S. 57 (1986).
31. MGM Grand Hotel v. Rene, No. 02-970 (March, 2003).
32. Nichols v. Azteca Restaurant Enterprises Inc., 264 F.3d 864 (9th Cir. 2001).
33. Phillips v. Martin Marietta Corp., 400 U.S. 542 (1971).
34. Powell, G. N., Butterfield, D. A., & Parent, J. D. (2002). Gender and managerial stereotypes: Have the times changed? Journal of Management, 28, 177-193.
35. Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins, 490 U.S. 228 (1989).
36. Ridgeway, C. L. (2001). Gender, status, and leadership. Journal of Social Issues, 57, 637-655.
37. Rosenfeld, P. R., Giacalone, R. A., & Riordan, C. A. (1995). Impression Management in Organizations: Theory, Measurement, and Practice. New York: Routledge.
38. Schein, V. E. (2001). A global look at psychological barriers to women's progress in management. Journal of Social Issues, 57, 675-688.
39. Sczesny, S. (2003). A closer look beneath the surface: Various facets of the Think-Manager-Think-Male stereotype. Sex Roles, 49, 353-363.
40. Steenson, T. D. (2002). Courts increase risk employers face from same-sex harassment claims. Employment, Labor and Benefits, Holland and Knight LLP, 12 (5). http://www.hklaw.com/Publications/ Newsletters.asp?ID=335&Article=1875.
41. Tajfel, H. & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In Worchel, S., & Austin, W. G. (Eds.), Psychology of Intergroup Relations, 7-24. Chicago: Nelson-Hall.
42. Valian, V. (1998). Why So Slow? The Advancement of Women. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
43. Vecchio, R. P. (2002). Leadership and gender advantage. The Leadership Quarterly, 13, 643-671.
44. Vecchio, R. P. (2003). In search of gender advantage. The Leadership Quarterly, 14, 835-850.
45. Vinnicombe, S., & Singh, V. (2002). Sex role stereotyping and requisites of successful top managers. Women in Management Review, 17, 120-130.
46. Wallin, P. (1950). Cultural contradictions and sex roles: A repeat study. American Sociological Review, 15(2), 288-293.
47. Willingham v. Macon Telegraph Publishing Co. (CA5 1975), 507 F.2d 1084 (1975).
48. Wissert, D. M., & Herbster, J. L. (2003). How do you define 'sex' in the same-sex harassment context? New Jersey Law Journal, Vol. CLXXI - No. 13-Index 1104.
49. Yukl, G. (2002). Leadership in Organizations, 5th ed. Delhi: Pearson Education.
50. Zachary, M. K. (2004). Gender-based stereotyping - Law and reality. Supervision, 65(8), 22-26.