Antibiotics in childhood pneumonia

Paediatric Respiratory Reviews

Volumn 7, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 145-151

  Hale, Katherine A ^a   Isaacs, David ^a  

^a CHILDREN S HOSPITAL AT WESTMEAD   (Australia)

Author keywords

Child; Cneumococcal resistance; Cneumococcal vaccine; Cntibiotics; Pneumonia; Streptococcus pneumoniae

Indexed keywords

AMINOPENICILLIN; AMOXICILLIN; AMOXICILLIN PLUS CLAVULANIC ACID; AMPICILLIN; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; AZITHROMYCIN; CEFALEXIN; CEFOTAXIME; CEFTRIAXONE; CLARITHROMYCIN; COTRIMOXAZOLE; ERYTHROMYCIN; OXACILLIN; PENICILLIN G; PENICILLIN V; PLACEBO; PNEUMOCOCCUS VACCINE; PROCAINE PENICILLIN; VANCOMYCIN;

ANAPHYLAXIS; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY; BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA; CHILDHOOD DISEASE; CHLAMYDOPHILA PNEUMONIAE; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLINICAL TRIAL; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG COST; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG HYPERSENSITIVITY; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG MISUSE; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG TISSUE LEVEL; DRUG TOLERABILITY; EPIDEMIC; HUMAN; LUNG INFILTRATE; MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE; NONHUMAN; PNEUMONIA; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL PNEUMOVIRUS; REVIEW; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SERODIAGNOSIS; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; THORAX RADIOGRAPHY; VACCINATION; VIRUS PNEUMONIA;

ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; ANTIVIRAL AGENTS; CHILD; COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS; CROSS INFECTION; DRUG RESISTANCE, BACTERIAL; DRUG RESISTANCE, VIRAL; HUMANS; PNEUMONIA, BACTERIAL; PNEUMONIA, VIRAL;

EID: 33744520754     PISSN: 15260542     EISSN: 15260550     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2006.03.011     Document Type: Review

References (50)

1. Jokinen C., Heiskanen L., Juvonen H., et al. Incidence of community-acquired pneumonia in the population of four municipalities in eastern Finland. Am J Epidemiol 137 (1993) 977-988
2. McCracken G.H. Etiology and treatment of pneumonia. Pediatr Infect Dis J 19 (2000) 373-377
3. Bryce J., Boschi-Pinto C., Shibuya K., and Black R.E. WHO estimates of the causes of death in children. Lancet 365 (2005) 1147-1152
4. World Health Organization. The management of acute respiratory infections in children. Practical guidelines for outpatient care (1995), WHO, Geneva
5. McIntosh K. Community acquired pneumonia in children. N Eng J Med 346 (2002) 429-437
6. Palafox M., Guiscafre H., Reyes H., Munoz O., and Martinez H. Diagnostic value of tachypnoea in pneumonia defined radiologically. Arch Dis Child 82 (2000) 41-45
7. Swingler G.H., Hussey G.D., and Zwarenstein M. Randomised controlled trial of clinical outcome after chest radiograph in acute ambulatory lower-respiratory infection in children. Lancet 351 (1998) 404-408
8. British Thoracic Society. British Thoracic Society guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in childhood. Thorax 57 suppl 1 (2002) i1-i24
9. Davies H.D., Wang E., Manson D., Babyn D., and Shuckett B. Reliability of the chest radiograph in the diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections in young children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 15 (1996) 600-604
10. Donnelly L.F. Imaging in immunocompetent children who have pneumonia. Radiol Clin N Am 43 (2005) 253-265
11. Guckel C., Benz-Bohm G., and Widemann B. Mycoplasma pneumonias in childhood. Roentgen features, differential diagnosis and review of literature. Pediatr Radiol 19 (1989) 499-503
12. Radkowski M.A., Kranzler J.K., Beem M.O., and Tipple M.A. Chlamydia pneumonia in infants: radiography in 125 cases. Am J Roentgenol 137 (1981) 703-706
13. Lamont A.C., Cremin B.J., and Pelteret R.M. Radiological patterns of pulmonary tuberculosis in the paediatric age group. Pediatr Radiol 16 (1986) 2-7
14. McCracken G.H. Diagnosis and management of pneumonia in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 19 (2000) 924-928
15. Heiskanen-Kosma T., Korppi M., Jokinen C., et al. Etiology of childhood pneumonia: serologic results of a prospective, population-based study. Pediatr Infect Dis J 17 (1998) 986-991
16. Michelow I.C., Olsen K., Lozano J., et al. Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized children. Pediatrics 113 (2004) 701-707
17. Wubbel L., Muniz L., Ahmed A., et al. Etiology and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in ambulatory children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 18 (1999) 98-104
18. Juven T., Mertsola J., Waris M., et al. Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in 254 hospitalized children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 19 (2000) 293-298
19. Khanna M., Fan J., Pehler-Harrington K., et al. The pneumoplex assays, a multiplex PCR-enzyme hybridization assay that allows simultaneous detection of five organisms, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia (Chlamydophila) pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, Legionella micdadei, and Bordetella pertussis, and its real-time counterpart. J Clin Microbiol 43 (2005) 565-571
20. Gutierrez F., Masia M., Rodriguez J.C., et al. Evaluation of the immunochromatographic Binax NOW assay for detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae urinary antigen in a prospective study of community-acquired pneumonia in Spain. Clin Infect Dis 36 (2003) 286-292
21. Dowell S.F., Garman R.L., Liu G., Levine O.S., and Yang Y.H. Evaluation of Binax NOW, an assay for the detection of pneumococcal antigen in urine samples, performed among pediatric patients. Clin Infect Dis 32 (2001) 824-825
22. Williams J.V., Harris P.A., Tollefson S.J., et al. Human metapneumovirus and lower respiratory tract disease in otherwise healthy infants and children. N Engl J Med 350 (2004) 443-450
23. File T.M. Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: not only a cause of skin infections, also a new cause of pneumonia: editorial review. Curr Opin Infect Dis 18 (2005) 123-124
24. Schultz K.D., Fan L.L., Pinsky J., et al. The changing face of pleural empyemas in children: epidemiology and management. Pediatrics 113 (2004) 1735-1740
25. Haddy R.I., Perry K., Chacko C.E., et al. Comparison of incidence of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae disease among children before and after introduction of conjugated pneumococcal vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J 4 (2005) 320-323
26. Black S.B., Shinefield H.R., Ling S., et al. Effectiveness of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children younger than five years of age for prevention of pneumonia. Pediatr Infect Dis J 21 (2002) 810-815
27. Cutts F.T., Zaman S.M., Enwere G., et al. Efficacy of nine-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease in The Gambia: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 365 (2005) 1139-1146
28. Korppi M., Heiskanen-Kosma T., and Leinonen M. White blood cells, C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in pneumococcal pneumonia in children. Eur Respir J 10 (1997) 1125-1129
29. Friis B., Andersen P., Brenoe E., et al. Antibiotic treatment of pneumonia and bronchiolitis. A prospective randomised study. Arch Dis Child 59 (1984) 1038-1045
30. Bloomfield P., Dalton D., Karleka A., Kesson A., Duncan G., and Isaacs D. Bacteraemia and antibiotic use in respiratory syncytial virus infections. Arch Dis Child 89 (2004) 363-367
31. Rasmussen Z.A., Bari A., Qazi S., et al. Randomized controlled trial of standard versus double dose cotrimoxazole for childhood pneumonia in Pakistan. Bull World Health Organ 83 (2005) 10-19
32. Romano A., Gueant-Rodriguez R.M., Viola M., Pettinato R., and Gueant J.L. Cross-reactivity and tolerability of cephalosporins in patients with immediate hypersensitivity to penicillins. Ann Intern Med 141 (2004) 16-22
33. Harris J.A., Kolokathis A., Campbell M., Cassell G.H., and Hammerschlag M.R. Safety and efficacy of azithromycin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 17 (1998) 865-871
34. Block S., Hedrick J., Hammerschlag M.R., Cassell G.H., and Craft J.C. Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae in pediatric community-acquired pneumonia: comparative efficacy and safety of clarithromycin vs. erythromycin ethylsuccinate. Pediatr Infect Dis J 14 (1995) 471-477
35. Addo-Yobo E., Chisaka N., Hassan M., et al. Oral amoxicillin versus injectable penicillin for severe pneumonia in children aged 3 to 59 months: a randomised multicentre equivalency study. Lancet 364 (2004) 1141-1148
36. Tsarouhas N., Shaw K.N., Hodinka R.L., and Bell L.M. Effectiveness of intramuscular penicillin versus oral amoxicillin in the early treatment of outpatient pediatric pneumonia. Pediatr Emerg Care 14 (1998) 338-341
37. Vuori-Holopainen E., Peltola H., and Kallio M.J. Narrow- versus broad-spectrum parenteral anatimicrobials against common infections of childhood: a prospective and randomised comparison between penicillin and cefuroxime. Eur J Pediatr 159 (2000) 878-884
38. Dagan R., Syrogiannopoulos G., Ashkenazi S., et al. Parenteral-oral switch in the management of paediatric pneumonia. Drugs 47 suppl 3 (1994) 43-51
39. Juven T., Mertsola J., Waris M., Leinonen M., and Ruuskanen O. Clinical response to antibiotic therapy for community-acquired pneumonia. Eur J Pediatr 163 (2004) 140-144
40. Low D., Pichichero M.E., and Schaad U.B. Optimising antibacterial therapy for community-acquired respiratory tract infections in children in the era of bacterial resistance. Clin Pediatr 43 (2004) 135-151
41. Tan T.Q., Mason Jr. E.O., Barson W.J., et al. Clinical characteristics and outcome of children with pneumonia attributable to penicillin-susceptible and penicillin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae. Pediatrics 102 (1998) 1369-1375
42. Jacobs M.R., and Johnson C.E. Macrolide resistance: an increasing concern for treatment failure in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 22 8 suppl (2003) S131-S138
43. Berner R., Schwoerer F., Schumacher R.F., Meder M., and Forster J. Community and nosocomially acquired respiratory syncytial virus infection in a German paediatric hospital from 1988 to 1999. Eur J Pediatr 160 (2001) 541-547
44. Zar H.J., and Cotton M.F. Nosocomial pneumonia in pediatric patients: practical problems and rational solutions. Pediatr Drugs 4 (2002) 73-83
45. Richards M.J., Edwards J.R., Culver D.H., and Gaynes R.P. Nosocomial infections in pediatric intensive care units in the United States. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System. Pediatrics 103 (1999) e39
46. Levy S.B. Antibiotic resistance: consequences of inaction. Clin Infect Dis 33 suppl 3 (2001) S124-S129
47. Schrag S.J., McGee L., Whitney C.G., et al. Emergence of Streptococcus pneumoniae with very-high-level resistance to penicillin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 48 (2004) 3016-3023
48. Clements H., Stephenson T., Gabriel V., et al. Rationalised prescribing for community acquired pneumonia: a closed loop audit. Arch Dis Child 83 (2000) 320-324
49. South M., Royle J., and Starr M. A simple intervention to improve hospital antibiotic prescribing. MJA 178 (2003) 207-209
50. McKellar A.C. Does antibiotic choice affect length of stay for community-acquired pneumonia?. J Pharm Pract Res 35 (2005) 25-27