Cognitive vulnerability-stress models of psychopathology: A developmental perspective

Development of Psychopathology: A Vulnerability-Stress Perspective

Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages 104-135

  Gibb, Brandon E ^a   Coles, Meredith E ^a  

^a BINGHAMTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33646544311     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4135/9781452231655.n5     Document Type: Chapter

References (194)

1. Abela, J. R. Z. (2001). The hopelessness theory of depression: A test of the diathesis-stress and causal mediation components in third and seventh grade children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 29, 241-254. doi:10.1023/A:1010333815728 http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010333815728
2. Abela, J. R. Z. (2002). Depressive mood reactions to failure in the achievement domain: A test of the integration of the hopelessness and self-esteem theories of depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 26, 531-552. doi:10.1023/A:1016236018858 http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016236018858
3. Abela, J. R. Z., & Brozina, K. (2004). The use of negative events to prime cognitive vulnerability to depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 28, 209-227. doi:10.1023/B:COTR.0000021541.94461.7c http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:COTR.0000021541.94461.7c
4. Abela, J. R. Z., Brozina, K., & Haigh, E. P. (2002). An examination of the response styles theory of depression in third- and seventh-grade children: A short-term longitudinal study. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 30, 515-527. doi:10.1023/A:1019873015594 http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019873015594
5. Abela, J. R. Z., Brozina, K., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). A test of the integration of the activation hypothesis and the diathesis-stress component of the hopelessness theory of depression. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 43, 111-128. doi:10.1348/014466504323088006 http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/014466504323088006
6. Abela, J. R. Z., & D’Alessandro, D. U. (2002). Beck's cognitive theory of depression: A test of the diathesis-stress and causal mediation components. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 41, 111-128. doi:10.1348/014466502163912 http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/014466502163912
7. Abela, J. R. Z., & Payne, A. V. L. (2003). A test of the integration of the hopelessness and self-esteem theories of depression in school children. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27, 519-535. doi:10.1023/A:1026303020478 http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026303020478
8. Abela, J. R. Z., & Sarin, S. (2002). Cognitive vulnerability to hopelessness depression: A chain is only as strong as its weakest link. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 26, 811-829. doi:10.1023/A:1021245618183 http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021245618183
9. Abela, J. R. Z., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2000). The hopelessness theory of depression: A test of the diathesis-stress component in the interpersonal and achievement domains. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 24, 361-378. doi:10.1023/A:1005571518032 http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005571518032
10. Abela, J. R. Z., & Sullivan, C. (2003). A test of Beck's cognitive diathesis-stress theory of depression in early adolescents. Journal of Early Adolescence, 23, 384-404. doi:10.1177/0272431603258345 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272431603258345
11. Abela, J. R. Z., & Taylor, G. (2003). Specific vulnerability to depressive mood reaction in schoolchildren: The moderating role of self-esteem. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 32, 408-418. doi:10.1207/S15374424JCCP3203_09 http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/S15374424JCCP3203_09
12. Abela, J. R. Z., Vanderbilt, E., & Rochon, A. (2004). A test of the integration of the response styles and social support theories of depression in third and seventh grade children. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23, 653-674. doi:10.1521/jscp.23.5.653.50752 http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.23.5.653.50752
13. Abramson, L. Y., Alloy, L. B., Hankin, B. L., Haeffel, G. J., MacCoon, D. G., & Gibb, B. E. (2002). Cognitive vulnerability-stress models of depression in a self-regulatory and psychobiological context. In I. H. Gotlib & C. L. Hammen (Eds.), Handbook of depression (pp. 268-294). New York: Guilford Press.
14. Abramson, L. Y., Metalsky, G. I., & Alloy, L. B. (1989). Hopelessness depression: A theory-based subtype of depression. Psychological Review, 96, 358-372. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.96.2.358 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.96.2.358
15. Abramson, L. Y., Seligman, M. E. P., & Teasdale, J. D. (1978). Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87, 49-74. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.87.1.49 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.87.1.49
16. Alloy, L. B., & Abramson, L. Y. (1999). The Temple-Wisconsin Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression (CVD) Project: Conceptual background, design and methods. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 13, 227-262.
17. Alloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., Hogan, M. E., Whitehouse, W. G., Rose, D. T., Robinson, M. S., et al. (2000). The Temple-Wisconsin Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression Project: Lifetime history of Axis I psychopathology in individuals at high and low cognitive risk for depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109, 403-418. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.109.3.403 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.109.3.403
18. Alloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., Murray, L. A., Whitehouse, W. G., & Hogan, M. E. (1997). Self-referent information-processing in individuals at high and low cognitive risk for depression. Cognition and Emotion, 11, 539-568. doi:10.1080/026999397379854a http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/026999397379854a
19. Alloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., Tashman, N. A., Berrebbi, D. S., Hogan, M. E., Whitehouse, W. G., et al. (2001). Developmental origins of cognitive vulnerability to depression: Parenting, cognitive, and inferential feedback styles of the parents of individuals at high and low cognitive risk for depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 25, 397-423. doi:10.1023/A:1005534503148 http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005534503148
20. Alloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., Whitehouse, W. G., Hogan, M. E., Panzarella, C, & Rose, D. T. (2004). Prospective incidence of first onsets and recurrences of depression in individuals at high and low cognitive risk for depression. Manuscript submitted for publication.
21. Alloy, L. B., & Clements, C. M. (1998). Hopelessness theory of depression: Tests of the symptom component. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 22, 303-335. doi:10.1023/A:1018753028007 http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018753028007
22. Alloy, L. B., Just, N., & Panzarella, C. (1997). Attributional style, daily life events, and hopelessness depression: Subtype validation by prospective variability and specificity of symptoms. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 21, 321-344. doi:10.1023/A:1021878516875 http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021878516875
23. Alloy, L. B., Kelly, K. A., Mineka, S., & Clements, C. M. (1990). Comorbidity of anxiety and depressive disorders: A helplessness-hopelessness perspective. In J. D. Maser & C. R. Cloninger (Eds.), Comorbidity of mood and anxiety disorders (pp. 499-543). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
24. Alloy, L. B., Reilly-Harrington, N., Fresco, D. M., Whitehouse, W. G., & Zechmeister, J. S. (1999). Cognitive styles and life events in subsyndromal unipolar and bipolar disorders: Stability and prospective prediction of depressive and hypomanic mood swings. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 13, 21-40.
25. Barenboim, C. (1981). The development of person perception in childhood and adolescence: From behavioral comparisons to psychological constructs to psychological comparisons. Child Development, 52, 129-144. doi:10.2307/1129222 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1129222
26. Barnett, P. A., & Gotlib, I. H. (1988). Dysfunctional attitudes and psychosocial stress: The differential prediction of future psychological symptomatology. Motivation and Emotion, 12, 251-270. doi:10.1007/BF00993114 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00993114
27. Barnett, P. A., & Gotlib, I. H. (1990). Cognitive vulnerability to depressive symptoms among men and women. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14, 47-61. doi:10.1007/BF01173524 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01173524
28. Beck, A. T. (1967). Depression: Clinical, experimental, and theoretical aspects. New York: Harper & Row.
29. Beck, A. T. (1976). Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders. New York: International Universities Press.
30. Beck, A. T. (1987). Cognitive models of depression. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 1, 5-37.
31. Beck, A. T., Emery, G., & Greenberg, R. L. (1985). Anxiety disorders and phobias: A cognitive perspective. New York: Basic Books.
32. Beevers, C. G., & Carver, C. S. (2003). Attentional bias and mood persistence as prospective predictors of dysphoria. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27, 619-637. doi:10.1023/A:1026347610928 http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026347610928
33. Bennet, A., & Stirling, J. (1998). Vulnerability factors in the anxiety disorders. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 71, 311-321. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1998.tb00994.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8341.1998.tb00994.x
34. Bennett, D. S., & Bates, J. E. (1995). Prospective models of depressive symptoms in early adolescence: Attributional styles, stress, and support. Journal of Early Adolescence, 15, 229-315.
35. Blatt, S. J. (1974). Levels of object representation in anaclitic and introjective depression. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 29, 107-157.
36. Blatt, S. J. (2004). Experiences of depression: Theoretical, clinical, and research perspectives. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. doi:10.1037/10749-000 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10749-000
37. Boland, R. J., & Keller, M. B. (2002). Course and outcome of depression. In I. H. Gotlib & C. L. Hammen (Eds.), Handbook of depression (pp. 43-60). New York: Guilford Press.
38. Bower, G. H. (1981). Mood and memory. American Psychologist, 36, 129-148. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.36.2.129 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.36.2.129
39. Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss: Vol. 2. Separation: Anxiety and anger. New York: Basic Books.
40. Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss: Vol. 3. Loss: Sadness and depression. New York: Basic Books.
41. Bradley, B. P., Mogg, K., & Lee, S. C. (1997). Attentional biases for negative information in induced and naturally occurring dysphoria. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 911-927. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(97)00053-3 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967%2897%2900053-3
42. Brown, G. P., Hammen, C. L., Craske, M. G., & Wickens, T. D. (1995). Dimensions of dysfunctional attitudes as vulnerabilities to depressive symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 104, 431-435. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.104.3.431 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.104.3.431
43. Brozina, K., & Abela, J. R. Z. (2003, November). The Youth Attributional Style Questionnaire versus the Children's Attributional Style Questionnaire: A prospective examination of vulnerability to depression. Poster session presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Advancement of Behavior Therapy, Boston.
44. Chandler, T. A., Wolf, F. M., Cook, B., & Dugovics, D. A. (1980). Parental correlates of locus of control in fifth graders: An attempt at experimentation in the home. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 26, 183-195.
45. Chorpita, B. F., & Barlow, D. H. (1998). The development of anxiety: The role of control in the early environment. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 3-21. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.124.1.3 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.124.1.3
46. Chorpita, B. F., Brown, T. A., & Barlow, D. H. (1998). Perceived control as a mediator of family environment in etiological models of childhood anxiety. Behavior Therapy, 29, 457-476. doi:10.1016/S0005-7894(98)80043-9 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894%2898%2980043-9
47. Clark, D. A., Beck, A. T., & Alford, B. A. (1999). Scientific foundations of cognitive theory and therapy of depression. New York: Wiley.
48. Cohen, J., & Cohen, P. (1983). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
49. Cole, D. A., Martin, J. M., & Powers, B. (1997). A competency-based model of child depression: A longitudinal study of peer, parent, teacher, and self-evaluation. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38, 505-514. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01537.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01537.x
50. Cole, D. A., & Turner, J. E., Jr. (1993). Models of cognitive mediation and moderation in child depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, 271-281. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.102.2.271 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.102.2.271
51. Coles, M. E., & Heimberg, R. G. (2002). Memory biases in the anxiety disorders: Current status. Clinical Psychology Review, 22, 587-627. doi:10.1016/S0272-7358(01)00113-1 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7358%2801%2900113-1
52. Coles, M. E., & Horng, B. (2004, March). Examining pathways to pathological anxiety: The etiology of inflated responsibility beliefs in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Paper presented at the meeting of the Anxiety Disorders Association of America, Miami, Florida.
53. Conley, C. S., Haines, B. A., Hilt, L. M., & Metalsky, G. I. (2001). The Children's Attributional Style Interview: Developmental tests of cognitive diathesis-stress theories of depression. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 29, 445-463. doi:10.1023/A:1010451604161 http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010451604161
54. Crick, N. R., & Dodge, K. A. (1994). A review and reformulation of social information-processing mechanisms in children's social adjustment. Psychological Bulletin, 115, 74-101. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.115.1.74 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.115.1.74
55. Crick, N. R., & Dodge, K. A. (1996). Social information-processing mechanisms on reactive and proactive aggression. Child Development, 67, 993-1002. doi:10.2307/1131875 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1131875
56. Dixon, J. F., & Ahrens, A. H. (1992). Stress and attributional style as predictors of self-reported depression in children. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 16, 623-634. doi:10.1007/BF01175403 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01175403
57. Dodge, K. A. (1986). A social information processing model of social competence in children. In M. Perlmutter (Ed.), The Minnesota symposium on child psychology (Vol. 18, pp. 77-125). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
58. Dodge, K. A. (1991). The structure and function of reactive and proactive aggression. In D. J. Pepler & K. H. Rubin (Eds.), The development and treatment of childhood aggression (pp. 201-218). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
59. Dodge, K. A. (1993). Social-cognitive mechanisms in the development of conduct disorder and depression. Annual Review of Psychology, 44, 559-584. doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.44.020193.003015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ps.44.020193.003015
60. Dodge, K. A., Lansford, J. E., Burks, V. S., Bates, J. E., Pettit, G. S., Rontaine, R., et al. (2003). Peer rejection and social information-processing factors in the development of aggressive behavior problems in children. Child Development, 74, 374-393. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.7402004 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.7402004
61. Dodge, K. A., Lochman, J. E., Harnish, J. D., Bates, J. E., & Pettit, G. S. (1997). Reactive and proactive aggression in school children and psychiatrically impaired chronically assaultive youth. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 37-51. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.106.1.37 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.106.1.37
62. Dodge, K. A., Pettit, G. S., Bates, J. E., & Valente, E. (1995). Social information-processing patterns partially mediate the effect of early physical abuse on later conduct problems. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 104, 632-643. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.104.4.632 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.104.4.632
63. Dunmore, E., Clark, D. M., & Ehlers, A. (2001). A prospective investigation of the role of cognitive factors in persistent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after physical or sexual assault. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39, 1063-1084. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(00)00088-7 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967%2800%2900088-7
64. Dykman, B. M., & Johll, M. (1998). Dysfunctional attitudes and vulnerability to depressive symptoms: A 14 week longitudinal study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 22, 337-352. doi:10.1023/A:1018705112077 http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018705112077
65. Follette, V. M., & Jacobson, N. S. (1987). Importance of attributions as a predictor of how people cope with failure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 1205-1211. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.52.6.1205 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.6.1205
66. Fresco, D. M., Sampson, W. S., Craighead, L. W., & Koons, A. N. (2001). The relationship of sociotropy and autonomy to symptoms of depression and anxiety. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 15, 17-31.
67. Garber, J., & Flynn, C. (2001). Predictors of depressive cognitions in young adolescents. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 25, 353-376. doi:10.1023/A:1005530402239 http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005530402239
68. Garber, J., Weiss, B., & Shanley, N. (1993). Cognitions, depressive symptoms, and development in adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, 47-57. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.102.1.47 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.102.1.47
69. Gibb, B. E. (2002). Childhood maltreatment and negative cognitive styles: A quantitative and qualitative review. Clinical Psychology Review, 22, 223-246. doi:10.1016/S0272-7358(01)00088-5 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7358%2801%2900088-5
70. Gibb, B. E., Abramson, L. Y., & Alloy, L. B. (2004). Emotional maltreatment by parents, verbal peer victimization, and cognitive vulnerability to depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 28, 1-21. doi:10.1023/B:COTR.0000016927.18027.c2 http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:COTR.0000016927.18027.c2
71. Gibb, B. E., Alloy, L. B., & Abramson, L. Y. (2003). Global reports of childhood maltreatment versus recall of specific maltreatment experiences: Relationships with dysfunctional attitudes and depressive symptoms. Cognition and Emotion, 17, 903-915.
72. Gibb, B. E., Alloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., & Marx, B. P. (2003). Childhood maltreatment and maltreatment-specific inferences: A test of Rose and Abramson's (1992) extension of the hopelessness theory. Cognition and Emotion, 17, 917-931.
73. Gibb, B. E., Alloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., Rose, D. T., Whitehouse, W. G., Donovan, P., et al. (2001). History of childhood maltreatment, depressogenic cognitive style, and episodes of depression in adulthood. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 25, 425-446. doi:10.1023/A:1005586519986 http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005586519986
74. Gibb, B. E., Alloy, L. B., Walshaw, P. D., Comer, J. S., Chang, G. H., & Villari, A. G. (2004). Development of negative attributional styles in children. Manuscript submitted for publication.
75. Ginzburg, K., Solomon, Z., Dekel, R., & Neria, Y. (2003). Battlefield functioning and chronic PTSD: Associations with perceived self efficacy and causal attribution. Personality and Individual Differences, 34, 463-476. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00066-1 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869%2802%2900066-1
76. Gladstone, T. R. G., & Kaslow, N. J. (1995). Depression and attributions in children and adolescents: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 23, 597-606. doi:10.1007/BF01447664 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01447664
77. Gordon, D., Nowicki, S., & Wichern, F. (1981). Observed maternal and child behaviors in a dependency producing task as a function of children's locus of control orientation. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 27, 43-51.
78. Gotlib, I. H., Krasnoperova, E., Yue, D. N., & Joorman, J. (2004). Attentional biases for negative interpersonal stimuli in depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113, 127-135. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.113.1.121 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.113.1.121
79. Gotlib, I. H., & MacLeod, C. (1997). Information processing in anxiety and depression: A cognitive-developmental perspective. In J. A. Burack & J. T. Enns (Eds.), Attention, development, and psychopathology (pp. 350-378). New York: Guilford Press.
80. Gotlib, I. H., & Neubauer, D. L. (2000). Information-processing approaches to the study of cognitive biases in depression. In S. L. Johnson, A. M. Hayes, T. M. Field, N. Schneiderman, & P. M. McCabe (Eds.), Stress, coping, and depression (pp. 117-143). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
81. Haaga, D. A. F., Dyck, M. J., & Ernst, D. (1991). Empirical status of cognitive theory of depression. Psychological Bulletin, 110, 215-236. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.110.2.215 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.110.2.215
82. Hammen, C, Adrian, C, & Hiroto, D. (1988). A longitudinal test of the attributional vulnerability model in children at risk for depression. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 27, 37-46. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1988.tb00751.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8260.1988.tb00751.x
83. Hammen, C, Ellicott, A., & Gitlin, M. (1989). Vulnerabilities to specific life events and the prediction of course of disorder in unipolar depressed patients. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 21, 377-388. doi:10.1037/h0079841 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0079841
84. Hammen, C, & Goodman-Brown, T. (1990). Self-schemas and vulnerability to specific life stress in children at risk for depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14, 215-227. doi:10.1007/BF01176210 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01176210
85. Hammen, C, Marks, T., deMayo, R., & Mayol, A. (1985). Self-schemas and risk for depression: A prospective study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49, 1147-1159. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.49.5.1147 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.49.5.1147
86. Hammen, C, Marks, T., Mayol, A., & deMayo, R. (1985). Depressive self-schemas, life stress, and vulnerability to depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 94, 308-319. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.94.3.308 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.94.3.308
87. Hankin, B. L. (in press). Childhood maltreatment and psychopathology: Prospective tests of attachment, cognitive vulnerability, and stress as mediating processes. Cognitive Therapy and Research.
88. Hankin, B. L. & Abramson, L. Y. (2002). Measuring cognitive vulnerability to depression in adolescence: Reliability, validity, and gender differences. Journal of Child and Adolescent Clinical Psychology, 31, 491-504.
89. Hankin, B. L., Abramson, L. Y., Miller, N., & Haeffel, G. J. (2004). Cognitive vulnerability-stress theories of depression: Examining affective specificity in the prediction of depression versus anxiety in three prospective studies. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 28, 309-345. doi:10.1023/B:COTR.0000031805.60529.0d http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:COTR.0000031805.60529.0d
90. Hankin, B. L., Abramson, L. Y., & Siler, M. (2001). A prospective test of the hopelessness theory of depression in adolescence. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 25, 607-632. doi:10.1023/A:1005561616506 http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005561616506
91. Hayward, C, Killen, J. D., Kraemer, H. C., & Taylor, C. B. (2000). Predictors of panic attacks in adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 207-214. doi:10.1097/00004583-200002000-00021 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200002000-00021
92. Hickling, E. J., Blanchard, E. B., Buckley, T. C., & Taylor, A. E. (1999). Effects of responsibility for motor vehicle accidents on severity of PTSD symptoms, ways of coping, and recovery over six months. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 12, 345-353. doi:10.1023/A:1024784711484 http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1024784711484
93. Hill, A. B., & Dutton, F. (1989). Depression and selective attention to self-esteem threatening words. Personality and Individual Differences, 10, 915-917. doi:10.1016/0191-8869(89)90026-3 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869%2889%2990026-3
94. Hill, T., Lewicki, P., Czyzewska, M., & Boss, A. (1989). Self-perpetuating development of encoding biases in person perception. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 373-387. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.3.373 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.3.373
95. Hill, T., Lewicki, P., & Neubauer, R. M. (1991). The development of depressive encoding dispositions: A case of self-perpetuation of biases. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 27, 392-409. doi:10.1016/0022-1031(91)90033-3 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031%2891%2990033-3
96. Hilsman, R., & Garber, J. (1995). A test of the cognitive diathesis-stress model of depression in children: Academic stressors, attributional style, perceived competence, and control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 370-380. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.69.2.370 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.69.2.370
97. Hoffman, K. B., Cole, D. A., Martin, J. M., Tram, J., & Seroczynski, A. D. (2000). Are discrepancies between self- and others’ appraisals of competence predictive or reflective of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents: A longitudinal study, part II. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109, 651-662. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.109.4.651 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.109.4.651
98. Houston, D. M. (1995a). Surviving a failure: Efficacy and a laboratory based test of the hopelessness model of depression. European Journal of Social Psychology, 25, 545-558. doi:10.1002/ejsp.2420250506 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2420250506
99. Houston, D. M. (1995b). Vulnerability to depressive mood reactions: Retesting the hopelessness model of depression. British Journal of Social Psychology, 34, 293-302. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1995.tb01065.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8309.1995.tb01065.x
100. Hunsley, J. (1989). Vulnerability to depressive mood: An examination of the temporal consistency of the reformulated learned helplessness model. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 13, 599-608. doi:10.1007/BF01176070 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01176070
101. Ingram, R. E., Miranda, J., & Segal, Z. V. (1998). Cognitive vulnerability to depression. New York: Guilford Press.
102. Joiner, T. E., Jr. (2000). A test of the hopelessness theory of depression in youth psychiatric inpatients. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 29, 167-176. doi:10.1207/S15374424jccp2902_3 http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/S15374424jccp2902_3
103. Joiner, T. E., Jr., Metalsky, G. I., Lew, A., & Klocek, J. (1999). Testing the causal mediation component of Beck's theory of depression: Evidence for specific mediation. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 23, 401-412. doi:10.1023/A:1018755917954 http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018755917954
104. Joiner, T. E., Jr., & Wagner, K. D. (1995). Attributional style and depression in children and adolescents: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 15, 777-798. doi:10.1016/0272-7358(95)00046-1 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0272-7358%2895%2900046-1
105. Just, N., Abramson, L. Y., & Alloy, L. B. (2001). Remitted depression studies as tests of the cognitive vulnerability hypotheses of depression onset: A critique and conceptual analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 21, 63-83. doi:10.1016/S0272-7358(99)00035-5 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7358%2899%2900035-5
106. Just, N., & Alloy, L. B. (1997). The response styles theory of depression: Tests and an extension of the theory. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 221-229. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.106.2.221 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.106.2.221
107. Kaslow, N. J., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1991). Children's Attributional Style Questionnaire-Revised. Unpublished manuscript, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
108. Kaslow, N. J., Rehm, L. P., Pollack, S. L., & Siegel, A. W. (1988). Attributional style and self-control behavior in depressed and non-depressed children and their parents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 16, 163-175. doi:10.1007/BF00913592 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00913592
109. Kuiper, N. A., & Dance, K. A. (1994). Dysfunctional attitudes, role stress evaluations, and psychological well-being. Journal of Research in Personality, 28, 245-262. doi:10.1006/jrpe.1994.1018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jrpe.1994.1018
110. Kwon, S., & Oei, T. P. (1992). Differential causal roles of dysfunctional attitudes and automatic thoughts in depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 16, 309-328. doi:10.1007/BF01183284 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01183284
111. Lara, M. E., Klein, D. N., & Kasch, K. L. (2000). Psychosocial predictors of the short-term course and outcome of major depression: A longitudinal study of a nonclinical sample with recent-onset episodes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109, 644-650. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.109.4.644 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.109.4.644
112. Lewicki, P., Hill, T., & Sasaki, I. (1989). Self-perpetuating development of encoding biases. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 118, 323-337. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.118.4.323 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.118.4.323
113. Lewinsohn, P. M., Joiner, T. E., Jr., & Rohde, P. (2001). Evaluation of cognitive diathesis-stress models in predicting major depressive disorder in adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110, 203-215. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.110.2.203 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.110.2.203
114. Lewinsohn, P. M., Steinmertz, J., Larson, D., & Franklin, J. (1981). Depression related cognitions: Antecedents or consequences? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 90, 213-219. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.90.3.213 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.90.3.213
115. Little, S. A., & Garber, J. (2000). Interpersonal and achievement orientations and specific stressors predicting depressive and aggressive symptoms in children. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 24, 651-670. doi:10.1023/A:1005535327428 http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005535327428
116. Lyubomirsky, S., Caldwell, N. D., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1998). Effects of ruminative and distracting responses to depressed mood on retreival of autobiographical memories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 166-177. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.75.1.166 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.75.1.166
117. Lyubomirsky, S., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1995). Effects of self-focused rumination on negative thinking and interpersonal problem solving. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 176-190. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.69.1.176 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.69.1.176
118. MacLeod, C, & Hagan, R. (1992). Individual differences in selective processing of threatening information, and emotional responses to a stressful life event. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 30, 151-161. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(92)90138-7 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967%2892%2990138-7
119. MacLeod, C, Matthews, A., & Tata, P. (1986). Attentional biases in the emotional disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95, 15-20. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.95.1.15 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.95.1.15
120. MacLeod, C, Rutherford, E., Campbell, L., Ebsworthy, G., & Holker, L. (2002). Selective attention and emotional vulnerability: Assessing the causal basis of their association through the experimental manipulation of attentional bias. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111, 107-123. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.111.1.107 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.111.1.107
121. Maier, S. F., & Seligman, M. E. P. (1976). Learned helplessness: Theory and evidence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 105, 3-46. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.105.1.3 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.105.1.3
122. Maller, R. G., & Reiss, S. (1992). Anxiety sensitivity in 1984 and panic attacks in 1987. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 6, 241-247. doi:10.1016/0887-6185(92)90036-7 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0887-6185%2892%2990036-7
123. Mathews, A., & Mackintosh, B. (2000). Induced emotional interpretation bias and anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109, 602-615. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.109.4.602 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.109.4.602
124. Mathews, A., & MacLeod, C. (2002). Induced processing biases have causal effects on anxiety. Cognition and Emotion, 16, 331-354. doi:10.1080/02699930143000518 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699930143000518
125. Mathews, A., Ridgeway, V., & Williamson, D. A. (1996). Evidence for attention to threatening stimuli in depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34, 695-705. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(96)00046-0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967%2896%2900046-0
126. Mazure, C. M., & Maciejewski, P. K. (2003). A model of risk for major depression: Effects of life stress and cognitive style vary by age. Depression and Anxiety, 17, 26-33. doi:10.1002/da.10081 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/da.10081
127. McGrath, E. P., & Repetti, R. L. (2002). A longitudinal study of children's depressive symptoms, self-perceptions, and cognitive distortions about the self. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111, 77-87. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.111.1.77 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.111.1.77
128. Mendelson, T., Robins, C. J., & Johnson, C. S. (2002). Relations of sociotropy and autonomy to developmental experiences among psychiatric patients. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 26, 189-198. doi:10.1023/A:1014569703020 http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1014569703020
129. Metalsky, G. I., Halberstadt, L. J., & Abramson, L. Y. (1987). Vulnerability to depressive mood reactions: Toward a more powerful test of the diathesis-stress and causal mediation components of the reformulated theory of depression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 386-393. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.52.2.386 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.2.386
130. Metalsky, G. I., & Joiner, T. E., Jr. (1992). Vulnerability to depressive symptomatology: A prospective test of the diathesis-stress and causal mediation components of the hopelessness theory of depression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 667-675. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.63.4.667 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.63.4.667
131. Metalsky, G. I., & Joiner, T. E., Jr. (1997). The Hopelessness Depression Symptom Questionnaire. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 21, 359-384. doi:10.1023/A:1021882717784 http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021882717784
132. Metalsky, G. I., Joiner, T. E., Jr., Hardin, T. S., & Abramson, L. Y. (1993). Depressive reactions to failure in a naturalistic setting: A test of the hopelessness and self-esteem theories of depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, 101-109. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.102.1.101 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.102.1.101
133. Muris, P., Meesters, C, Schouten, E., & Hoge, E. (2004). Effects of perceived control on the relationship between perceived parental rearing behaviors and symptoms of anxiety and depression in nonclinical preadolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 33, 51-58. doi:10.1023/A:1027334314021 http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1027334314021
134. Needles, D. J., & Abramson, L. Y. (1990). Positive life events, attributional style, and hopefulness: Testing a model of recovery from depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 99, 156-165. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.99.2.156 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.99.2.156
135. Nelson, K., & Fivush, R. (2004). The emergence of autobiographical memory: A social cultural developmental theory. Psychological Review, 111, 486-511. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.111.2.486 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.111.2.486
136. Nelson, K., Plesa, D., Goldman, S., Henseler, S., Presler, N., & Walkenfeld, F. (2003). Entering a community of minds: An experiential approach to theory of minds. Human Development, 46, 24-46. doi:10.1159/000067779 http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000067779
137. Neshat-Doost, H. T., Moradi, A. R., Taghavi, M. R., Yule, W., & Dalgleish, T. (1999). The development of a corpus of emotional words produced by children and adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 27, 433-451. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(98)00253-0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869%2898%2900253-0
138. Neshat-Doost, H. T., Moradi, A. R., Taghavi, M. R., Yule, W., & Dalgleish, T. (2000). Lack of attentional bias for emotional information in depressed children and adolescents on the dot-probe task. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41, 363-368. doi:10.1111/jcpp.2000.41.issue-3 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.2000.41.issue-3
139. Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1987). Sex differences in unipolar depression: Evidence and theory. Psychological Bulletin, 101, 259-282. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.101.2.259 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.101.2.259
140. Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1991). Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 569-582. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.100.4.569 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.100.4.569
141. Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2000). The role of rumination in depressive disorders and mixed anxiety/depressive symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109, 504-511. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.109.3.504 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.109.3.504
142. Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Girgus, J. S., & Seligman, M. E. P. (1986). Learned helplessness in children: A longitudinal study of depression, achievement, and explanatory style. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 435-442. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.2.435 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.2.435
143. Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Girgus, J. S., & Seligman, M. E. P. (1992). Predictors and consequences of childhood depressive symptoms: A 5-year longitudinal study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101, 405-422. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.101.3.405 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.101.3.405
144. Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Morrow, J. (1991). A prospective study of depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms after a natural disaster: The 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 115-121. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.61.1.115 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.61.1.115
145. Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Morrow, J., & Fredrickson, B. L. (1993). Response styles and the duration of episodes of depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, 20-28. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.102.1.20 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.102.1.20
146. Oliver, J. M., & Berger, L. S. (1992). Depression, parent-offspring relationships, and cognitive vulnerability. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 7, 415-429.
147. Panak, W. F., & Garber, J. (1992). Role of aggression, rejection, and attributions in the prediction of depression in children. Development and Psychopathology, 4, 145-165. doi:10.1017/S0954579400005617 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579400005617
148. Peterson, C, & Seligman, M. E. P. (1984). Causal explanations as a risk factor for depression: Theory and evidence. Psychological Review, 91, 347-374. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.91.3.347 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.91.3.347
149. Pollak, S. D., & Kistler, D. J. (2002). Early experience is associated with the development of categorical representations for facial expressions of emotion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 99, 9072-9076. doi:10.1073/pnas.142165999 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.142165999
150. Pollak, S. D., & Tolley-Schell, S. A. (2003). Selective attention to facial emotion in physically abused children. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 112, 323-338. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.112.3.323 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.112.3.323
151. Priester, M. J., & Clum, G. A. (1992). Attributional style as a diathesis in predicting depression, hopelessness, and suicidal ideation in college students. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 14, 111-122. doi:10.1007/BF00965171 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00965171
152. Prinstein, M. J., & Aikins, J. W. (2004). Cognitive moderators of the longitudinal association between peer rejection and adolescent depressive symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 32, 147-158. doi:10.1023/B:JACP.0000019767.55592.63 http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JACP.0000019767.55592.63
153. Ralph, J. A., & Mineka, S. (1998). Attributional style and self-esteem: The prediction of emotional distress following a midterm exam. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107, 203-215. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.107.2.203 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.107.2.203
154. Reilly-Harrington, N. A., Alloy, L. B., Fresco, D. M., & Whitehouse, W. G. (1999). Cognitive styles and life events interact to predict bipolar and unipolar symptomatology. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 108, 567-578. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.108.4.567 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.108.4.567
155. Rholes, W. S., Blackwell, J., Jordan, C, & Walters, C. (1980). A developmental study of learned helplessness. Developmental Psychology, 16, 616-624. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.16.6.616 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.16.6.616
156. Riskind, J. H. (1997). Looming vulnerability to threat: A cognitive paradigm for anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 685-702. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(97)00011-9 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967%2897%2900011-9
157. Riskind, J. H., & Williams, N. L. (in press). A unique vulnerability common to all anxiety disorders: The looming maladaptive style. In L. B. Alloy & J. H. Riskind (Eds.), Cognitive vulnerability to emotional disorders. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
158. Riskind, J. H., Williams, N. L., Gessner, T. L., Chrosniak, L. D., & Cortina, J. M. (2000). The looming maladaptive style: Anxiety, danger, and schematic processing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 837-852. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.79.5.837 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.79.5.837
159. Robins, C. J., Hayes, A. M., Block, P., Kramer, R. J., & Villena, M. (1995). Interpersonal and achievement concerns and the depressive vulnerability and symptom hypothesis: A prospective study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 19, 1-20. doi:10.1007/BF02229673 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02229673
160. Robinson, M. S., & Alloy, L. B. (2003). Negative cognitive styles and stress-reactive rumination interact to predict depression: A prospective study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27, 275-291. doi:10.1023/A:1023914416469 http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1023914416469
161. Robinson, N. S., Garber, J., & Hilsman, R. (1995). Cognitions and stress: Direct and moderating effects on depressive versus externalizing symptoms during the junior high school transition. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 104, 453-463. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.104.3.453 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.104.3.453
162. Rose, D. T., & Abramson, L. Y. (1992). Developmental predictors of depressive cognitive style: Research and theory. In D. Cicchetti & S. Toth (Eds.), Rochester symposium of developmental psychopathology (Vol. 4, pp. 323-349). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.
163. Ruble, D. N., & Rholes, W. S. (1981). The development of children's perceptions and attributions about their social world. In J. H. Harvey, W. Ickes, & R. F. Kidd (Eds.), New directions in attribution research (Vol. 3, pp. 4-40). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
164. Salkovskis, P. M., & Forrester, E. (2002). Responsibility. In R. O. Frost & G. Steketee (Eds.), Cognitive approaches to obsessions and compulsions: Theory, assessment, and treatment (pp. 337-360). New York: Pergamon.
165. Salkovskis, P., Shafran, R., Rachman, S., & Freeston, M. H. (1999). Multiple pathways to inflated responsibility beliefs in obsessional problems: Possible origins and implications for therapy and research. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37, 1055-1072. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00063-7 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967%2899%2900063-7
166. Schmidt, N. B., & Lerew, D. R. (2002). Prospective evaluation of perceived control, predictability, and anxiety sensitivity in the pathogenesis of panic. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 24, 207-214. doi:10.1023/A:1020795114296 http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020795114296
167. Schmidt, N. B., Lerew, D. R., & Jackson, R. J. (1997). The role of anxiety sensitivity in the pathogenesis of panic: Prospective evaluation of spontaneous panic attacks during acute stress. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 355-364. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.106.3.355 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.106.3.355
168. Schmidt, N. B., Lerew, D. R., & Joiner, T. E., Jr. (2000). Prospective evaluation of the etiology of anxiety sensitivity: Test of a scar model. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 1083-1095. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00138-2 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967%2899%2900138-2
169. Schwartz, J. A. J., & Koenig, L. J. (1996). Response styles and negative affect among adolescents. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 20, 13-36. doi:10.1007/BF02229241 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02229241
170. Seligman, M. E. P., Peterson, C, Kaslow, N. J., Tanenbaum, R. L., Alloy, L. B., & Abramson, L. Y. (1984). Attributional style and depressive symptoms among children. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 93, 235-238. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.93.2.235 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.93.2.235
171. Shahar, G., Blatt, S. J., Zuroff, D. C., Kuperminc, J. P., & Leadbeater, B. J. (2004). Reciprocal relations between depressive symptoms and self-criticism (but not dependency) among early adolescent girls (but not boys). Cognitive Therapy and Research, 28, 85-103. doi:10.1023/B:COTR.0000016932.82038.d0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:COTR.0000016932.82038.d0
172. Shahar, G., Joiner, T. E., Jr., Zuroff, D. C., & Blatt, S. J. (2004). Personality, interpersonal behavior, and depression: Co-existence of stress-specific moderating and mediating effects. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 1583-1596. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2003.06.006 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2003.06.006
173. Shirk, S. R. (1988). Causal reasoning and children's comprehension of therapeutic interpretations. In S. R. Shirk (Ed.), Cognitive development and child psychotherapy (pp. 53-89). New York: Plenum Press.
174. Silove, D., Parker, G., Hadzi-Pavlovic, D., Manicavasagar, V., & Blaszynski, A. (1991). Parental representations of patients with panic disorders and general anxiety disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 835-841. doi:10.1192/bjp.159.6.835 http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.159.6.835
175. Spasojevic, J., & Alloy, L. B. (2001). Rumination as a common mechanism relating depressive risk factors to depression. Emotion, 1, 25-37. doi:10.1037/1528-3542.1.1.25 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.1.1.25
176. Spence, S. H., Sheffield, J., & Donovan, C. (2002). Problem-solving orientation and attributional style: Moderators of the impact of negative life events on the development of depressive symptoms in adolescence? Journal of Clinical Psychology, 31, 219-229.
177. Stein, M. B., Jang, K. L., & Livesley, W. J. (1999). Heritability of anxiety sensitivity: A twin study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 246-251.
178. Steinberg, J. A., Gibb, B. E., Alloy, L. B., & Abramson, L. Y. (2003). Childhood emotional maltreatment, cognitive vulnerability to depression, and self-referent information processing in adulthood: Reciprocal relations. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 17, 347-358. doi:10.1891/jcop.17.4.347.52541 http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/jcop.17.4.347.52541
179. Sweeney, P. D., Anderson, K., & Bailey, S. (1986). Attributional style in depression: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 974-991. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.50.5.974 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.50.5.974
180. Swendsen, J. D. (1997). Anxiety, depression, and their comorbidity: An experience sampling test of the helplessness-hopelessness theory. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 21, 97-114. doi:10.1023/A:1021872410824 http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021872410824
181. Thompson, M., Kaslow, N. J., Weiss, B., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1998). Children's Attributional Style Questionnaire-Revised: Psychometric Examination. Psychological Assessment, 10, 166-170. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.10.2.166 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.10.2.166
182. Tram, J. M., & Cole, D. A. (2000). Self-perceived competence and the relation between life events and depressive symptoms in adolescence: Mediator or moderator? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109, 753-760. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.109.4.753 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.109.4.753
183. Turk, E., & Bry, B. H. (1992). Adolescents’ and parents’ explanatory styles and parents’ causal explanations about their adolescents. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 16, 349-357. doi:10.1007/BF01183286 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01183286
184. Turner, J. E., Jr., & Cole, D. A. (1994). Developmental differences in cognitive diatheses for child depression. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 22, 15-32. doi:10.1007/BF02169254 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02169254
185. Vasey, M. W., Dalgleish, T., & Silverman, W. K. (2003). Research on information-processing factors in child and adolescent psychopathology: A critical commentary. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 32, 81-93.
186. Vasey, M. W., & MacLeod, C. (2001). Information-processing factors in childhood anxiety: A developmental perspective. In M. W. Vasey & M. R. Dadds (Eds.), The developmental psychopathology of anxiety (pp. 253-277). New York: Oxford University Press.
187. Verhaak, C. M., Smeenk, J. M. J., van Minnen, A., & Kraaimaat, F. W. (2004). Neuroticism, perattentive and attentional biases towards threat, and anxiety before and after a stressor: A prospective study. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 767-778. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00131-4 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869%2803%2900131-4
188. Voyer, M., & Cappeliez, P. (2002). Congruence between depressogenic schemas and life events for the prediction of depressive relapse in remitted older patients. Behavioral and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 30, 165-177. doi:10.1017/S1352465802002047 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1352465802002047
189. Watt, M. C., Stewart, S. H., & Cox, B. J. (1998). A retrospective study of the learning history origins of anxiety sensitivity. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 505-525. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(97)10029-8 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967%2897%2910029-8
190. Weiss, B., Dodge, K. A., Bates, J. E., & Pettit, G. S. (1992). Some consequences of early harsh discipline: Child aggression and a maladaptive social information processing style. Child Development, 63, 1321-1335. doi:10.2307/1131558 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1131558
191. Westra, H. A., & Kuiper, N. A. (1997). Cognitive content specificity in selective attention across four domains of maladjustment. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 349-365. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(96)00099-X http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967%2896%2900099-X
192. Williams, J. M. G., Watts, F. N., MacLeod, C, & Mathews, A. (1988). Cognitive psychology and emotional disorders. New York: Wiley.
193. Williams, J. M. G., Watts, F. N., MacLeod, C, & Mathews, A. (1997). Cognitive psychology and emotional disorders (2nd ed.). New York: Wiley.
194. Yoon, J., Hughes, J., Gaur, A., & Thompson, B. (1999). Social cognition in aggressive children: A metaanalytic review. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 6, 320-331. doi:10.1016/S1077-7229(99)80051-0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1077-7229%2899%2980051-0