Comparison of continuous and filter-based carbon measurements at the fresno supersite

Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association

Volumn 56, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 474-491

  Park, Kihong ^a,b   Chow, Judith C ^a   Watson, John G ^a   Trimble, Dana L ^a   Doraiswamy, Prakash ^a   Arnott, W Pat ^c   Stroud, Kenneth R ^d   Bowers, Kenneth ^d   Bode, Richard ^d   Petzold, Andre ^e   Hanse, Anthony D A ^f  

^a DESERT RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)   (South Korea)

^c UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA   (United States)

^d CALIFORNIA AIR RESOURCES BOARD   (United States)

^e GERMAN AEROSPACE CENTER DLR   (Germany)

^f LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABSORPTION; AEROSOLS; CARBON BLACK; FILTRATION; LIGHT ABSORPTION; PHOTOACOUSTIC EFFECT; SAMPLING;

ABSORPTION PHOTOMETER; AETHALOMETER; DUAL-WAVELENGTH; ELEMENTAL CARBON; FILTER-BASED CARBON; LIGHT ABSORPTION COEFFICIENTS; SCALING ABSORPTION;

CARBON;

CARBON; CARBON MONOXIDE; NITRATE; NITROGEN OXIDE; OZONE;

AEROSOL; COMBUSTION; CONFERENCE PAPER; LIGHT ABSORPTION; LIGHT SCATTERING; MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION; PARTICULATE MATTER; PHOTOMETER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEASONAL VARIATION;

EID: 33646264286     PISSN: 10962247     EISSN: 21622906     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10473289.2006.10464521     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Watson, J.G. Visibility: Science and Regulation; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2002, 52, 628-713.
2. Watson, J.G. Visibility: Science and Regulation - A Summary of the 2002 Critical Review; EM 2002, 8, 36-43.
3. Jacobson, M.Z. Control of Fossil-Fuel Particulate Black Carbon plus Organic Matter, Possibly the Most Effective Method of Slowing Global Warming; J. Geophys. Res. 2002, 107, ACH 16-1-ACH 16-22.
4. Vedal, S. Critical Review - Ambient Particles and Health: Lines That Divide; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 1997, 47, 551-581.
5. Watson, J.G., Chow, J.C., Chen, L.-W.A. Summary of Organic and Elemental Carbon/Black Carbon Analysis Methods and Intercompari sons; Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 2005, 1, 69-102.
6. Horvath, H. Atmospheric Light Absorption - A Review; Atmos. Environ. 1993, 27A, 293-317.
7. Kirchstetter, T.W., Novakov, T., Hobbs, P.V. Evidence That the Spec tral Dependence of Light Absorption by Aerosols Is Affected by Or ganic Carbon; J. Geophys. Res. 2004, 109, D21208.
8. Bond, T.C., Anderson, T.L., Campbell, D.E. Calibration and Intercom parison of Filter-based Measurements of Visible Light Absorption by Aerosols; Aerosol Sci. Technol. 1999, 30, 582-600.
9. Lindberg, J.D., Douglass, R.E., Garvey, D.M. Atmospheric Particulate Absorption and Black Carbon Measurement; Appl. Opt. 1999, 38, 2369-2376.
10. Petzold, A., Schonlinner, M. Multi-angle Absorption Photometry - A New Method for the Measurement of Aerosol Light Absorption and Atmospheric Black Carbon; J. Aerosol Sci. 2004, 35, 421-441.
11. Fuller, K.A., Malm, W.C., Kreidenweis, S.M. Effects of Mixing on Extinction by Carbonaceous Particles; J. Geophys. Res. 1999, 104, 15941-15954.
12. Martins, J.V., Artaxo, P., Liousse, C., Reid, J.S., Hobbs, P.V., Kaufman, Y.J. Effects of Black Carbon Content, Particle Size, and Mixing on Light Absorption by Aerosols from Biomass Burning in Brazil; J. Geo phys. Res. 1998, 103, 32041-32050.
13. Liousse, C., Cachier, H., Jennings, S.G. Optical and Thermal Measure ments of Black Carbon Aerosol Content in Different Environments: Variation of the Specific Attenuation Cross-section, Sigma (a); Atmos. Environ. 1993, 27A, 1203-1211.
14. Bond, T.C., Bergstrom, R.W. Light Absorption by Carbonaceous Par ticles: An Investigative Review; Aerosol Sci. Technol. 2006, 40, 27-67.
15. 2.5Carbonate Concentrations at Region ally Representative Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Envi ronment Sites; J. Geophys. Res. 2002, 107, ICC 6-1-ICC 6-9.
16. Cao, J.J., Lee, S.C., Zhang, X.Y., Chow, J.C., An, Z.S., Ho, K.F., Watson, J.G., Fung, K.K., Wang, Y.Q., Shen, Z.X. Characterization of Airborne Carbonate over a Site near Asian Dust Source Regions during Spring 2002 and Its Climatic and Environmental Significance; J. Geophys. Res. 2005, 110, 1-8.
17. Chow, J.C., Watson, J.G., Chen, L.-W.A., Arnott, W.P., Moosmuller, H., Fung, K.K. Equivalence of Elemental Carbon by Thermal/Optical Reflectance and Transmittance with Different Temperature Protocols; Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38, 4414-4422.
18. Chen, L.-W.A., Chow, J.C., Watson, J.G., Moosmuller, H., Arnott, W.P. Modeling Reflectance and Transmittance of Quartz-Fiber Filter Sam ples Containing Elemental Carbon Particles: Implications for Ther- mal/Optical Analysis; J. Aerosol. Sci. 2004, 35, 765-780.
19. Currie, L.A., Benner, B.A., Cachier, H., Cary, R., Chow, J.C., Druffel, E.R.M., Eglinton, T.I., Gustafsson, O., Hartmann, P.C., Hedges, J.I., Kessler, J.D., Kirchstetter, T.W., Klinedinst, D.B., Klouda, G.A., Marolf, J.V., Masiello, C.A., Novakov, T., Pearson, A., Prentice, K.M., Pux- baum, H., Quinn, J.G., Reddy, C.M., Schmid, H., Slater, J.F., Watson, J.G., Wise, S.A. A Critical Evaluation of Interlaboratory Data on Total, Elemental, and Isotopic Carbon in the Carbonaceous Particle Refer ence Material, NIST SRM 1649a; J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) 2002, 107, 279-298.
20. Arnott, W.P., Moosmuller, H., Rogers, C.F., Jin, T., Bruch, R. Photo acoustic Spectrometer for Measuring Light Absorption by Aerosol: Instrument Description; Atmos. Environ. 1999, 33, 2845-2852.
21. Bell, A.G. Production of Sound by Radiant Energy; The Manufacturer and Builder, 1881, 15, 156-158.
22. Bruce, C.W., Pinnick, R.G. In-Situ Measurements of Aerosol Absorp tion with a Resonant CW Laser Spectrophone; Appl. Opt. 1977, 16, 1762-1764.
23. Saathoff, H., Naumann, K.H., Schnaiter, M., Schock, W., Weingartner, E., Baltensperger, U., Kramer, L., Bozoki, Z., Poschl, U., Niessner, R., Schurath, U. Carbon Mass Determinations during the AIDA Soot Aero sol Campaign 1999; J. Aerosol Sci. 2003, 34, 1399-1420.
24. Saathoff, H., Moehler, O., Schurath, U., Kamm, S., Dippel, B., Mihel- cic, D. The AIDA Soot Aerosol Characterisation Campaign 1999; J. Aerosol Sci. 2003, 34, 1277-1296.
25. Schnaiter, M., Horvath, H., Mohler, O., Naumann, K.H., Saathoff, H., Schock, O.W. UV-VIS-NIR Spectral Optical Properties of Soot and Soot-containing Aerosols; J. Aerosol. Sci. 2003, 34, 1421-1444.
26. Sheridan, P.J., Arnott, W.P., Ogren, J.A., Andrews, E., Atkinson, D.B., Covert, D.S., Moosmuller, H., Petzold, A., Schmid, B., Strawa, A.W., Varma, R., Virkkula, A. The Reno Aerosol Optics Study: An Evaluation of Aerosol Absorption Measurement Methods; Aerosol. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39, 1-16.
27. Watson, J.G., Chow, J.C., Bowen, J.L., Lowenthal, D.H., Hering, S., Ouchida, P., Oslund, W. Air Quality Measurements from the Fresno Supersite; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2000, 50, 1321-1334.
28. Watson, J.G., Chow, J.C. Comparison and Evaluation of In-Situ and Filter Carbon Measurements at the Fresno Supersite; J. Geophys. Res. 2002, 107, ICC 3-1-ICC 3-15.
29. 2.5Compositions in California's San Joaquin Valley; Aerosol. Sci. Technol. 1993, 18, 105 128.
30. 2.5Air Quality Study (CRPaQs); J. Geophys. Res. 2006, in press.
31. Hansen, A.D.A., Rosen, H., Novakov, T. The Aethalometer - An Instru ment for the Real-Time Measurement of Optical Absorption by Aero sol Particles; Sci. Total Environ. 1984, 36, 191-196.
32. Arnott, W.P., Hamasha, K., Moosmuller, H., Sheridan, P.J., Ogren, J.A. Towards Aerosol Light-Absorption Measurements with a 7-Wave length Aethalometer: Evaluation with a Photoacoustic Instrument and 3-Wavelength Nephelometer; Aerosol Sci. Technol. 2005, 39, 17 29.
33. Petzold, A., Kramer, H., Schonlinner, M. Continuous Measurement of Atmospheric Black Carbon Using a Multi-angle Absorption Photome ter; Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2002, SpecialIssue, 478-82.
34. Petzold, A., Schloesser, H., Sheridan, P.J., Arnott, W.P., Ogren, J.A., Virkkula, A. Evaluation of Multiangle Absorption Photometry for Mea suring Aerosol Light Absorption; Aerosol Sci. Technol. 2005, 39, 40-51.
35. VDI Measurement of Soot (Ambient Air)—Thermographic Determina tion of Elemental Carbon after Thermal Desorption of Organic Car bon; Berein Deutscher: Dusseldorf, Germany, 1999, (2465 Part 2).
36. Schmid, H.P., Laskus, L., Abraham, H.J., Baltensperger, U., Lavanchy, V.M.H., Bizjak, M., Burba, P., Cachier, H., Crow, D., Chow, J.C., Gnauk, T., Even, A., ten Brink, H.M., Giesen, K.P., Hitzenberger, R., Hueglin, C., Maenhaut, W., Pio, C.A., Puttock, J., Putaud, J.P., Toom- Sauntry, D., Puxbaum, H. Results of the “Carbon Conference" Inter national Aerosol Carbon Round Robin Test: Stage 1; Atmos. Environ. 2001, 35, 2111-2121.
37. Chow, J.C., Watson, J.G., Pritchett, L.C., Pierson, W.R., Frazier, C.A., Purcell, R.G. The DRI Thermal/Optical Reflectance Carbon Analysis System: Description, Evaluation and Applications in U.S. Air Quality Studies; Atmos. Environ. 1993, 27A, 1185-1201.
38. Chow, J.C., Watson, J.G., Crow, D., Lowenthal, D.H., Merrifield, T.M. Comparison of IMPROVE and NIOSH Carbon Measurements; Aerosol Sci. Technol. 2001, 34, 23-34.
39. Arnott, W.P., Moosmuller, H., Sheridan, P.J., Ogren, J.A., Raspet, R., Slaton, W.V., Hand, J.L., Kreidenweis, S.M., Collett, J.L., Jr. Photo acoustic and Filter-based Ambient Aerosol Light Absorption Measure ments: Instrument Comparison and the Role of Relative Humidity; J. Geophys. Res. 2003, 108, AAC 15-1-AAC 15-11.
40. Arnott, W.P., Zielinska, B., Rogers, C.F., Sagebiel, J., Park, K., Chow, J.C., Moosmuller, H., Watson, J.G., Kelly, K., Wagner, D., Sarofim, A., Lighty, J., Palmer, G. Evaluation of 1047 nm Photoacoustic Instru ments and Photoelectric Aerosol Sensors in Source-Sampling of Black Carbon Aerosol and Particle Bound PAH's from Gasoline and Diesel Powered Vehicles; Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39, 5398-5406.
41. Bae, M.S., Schauer, J.J., Deminter, J.T., Turner, J.R., Smith, D., Cary, R.A. Validation of a Semi-continuous Instrument for Elemental Car bon and Organic Carbon Using a Thermal-Optical Method; Atmos. Environ. 2004, 38, 2885-2893.
42. Jeong, C.H., Hopke, P.K., Kim, E., Lee, D.W. The Comparison between Thermal-Optical Transmittance Elemental Carbon and Aethalometer Black Carbon Measured at Multiple Monitoring Sites; Atmos. Environ. 2004, 38, 5193-5204.
43. Rupprecht, E.G., Patashnick, H., Beeson, D.E., Green, R.E., Meyer, M.B. A New Automated Monitor for the Measurement of Particulate Carbon in the Atmosphere. In Proceedings, Particulate Matter: Health and Regu latory Issues, April 4-6, 1995, Cooper, J.A. and Grant, L.D., Eds., Air and Waste Management Association: Pittsburgh, PA1995, pp. 262 267.
44. Burtscher, H., Schmidt-Ott, A. In Situ Measurement of Adsorption and Condensation of a Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon on Ultrafine Carbon Particles by Measurement of Photoemission; J. Aerosol Sci. 1986, 18, 699.
45. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Revised Require ments for Designation of Reference and Equivalent Methods for PM2.5 and Ambient Air Surveillance for Particulate Matter—Final Rule; Fed. Regist. 1997, 138, 38763-38854.
46. Chow, J.C., Watson, J.G., Lowenthal, D.H., Chen, L.-W.A., Magliano, K. Particulate Carbon Measurements in California's San Joaquin Val ley; Chemosphere, 2006, 62, 337-348.
47. Watson, J.G., Chow, J.C., Lowenthal, D.H., Kreisberg, N., Hering, S.V., Stolzenburg, M.R. Variations of Nanoparticle Concentrations at the Fresno Supersite. Sci. Total Environ. 2006, 358, 178-187.
48. 10/PM2.s Air Quality Study. In Proceedings, In ternational Specialty Conference on Regional Haze and Global Radiation Balance—Aerosol Measurements and Models: Closure, Reconciliation and Evaluation, Air & Waste Management Association/American Geo physical Union: Pittsburgh, PA/Washington, DC, 2001.
49. Patashnick, H., Rupprecht, E.G. Continuous PM10 Measurements Us ing the Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 1991, 41, 1079-1083.
50. Watson, J.G., Chow, J.C. A Wintertime PM2.5 Episode at the Fresno, CA, Supersite; Atmos. Environ. 2002, 36, 465-475.
51. Watson, J.G., Chow, J.C., Park, K., Lowenthal, D.H. Nanoparticle and Ultrafine Particle Events at the Fresno Supersite; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2006, 55, 417-430.
52. Moosmuller, H., Arnott, W.P., Rogers, C.F., Chow, J.C., Frazier, C.A., Sherman, L.E., Dietrich, D.L. Photoacoustic and Filter Measurements Related to Aerosol Light Absorption during the Northern Front Range Air Quality Study (Colorado 1996/1997); J. Geophys. Res. 1998, 103, 28149-28157.
53. 2.5Chemical Source Profiles for Vehicle Exhaust, Vegetative Burning, Geological Material, and Coal Burning in Northwestern Colorado during 1995; Chemosphere, 2001, 43, 1141-1151.
54. Watson, J.G., Zhu, T., Chow, J.C., Engelbrecht, J.P., Fujita, E.M., Wil son, W.E. Receptor Modeling Application Framework for Particle Source Apportionment; Chemosphere, 2002, 49, 1093-1136.
55. Watson, J.G., Chow, J.C. Receptor Models for Air Quality Manage ment; EM, 2004, 10, 27-36