Characterisation of liquid film in a microstructured falling film reactor using laser scanning confocal microscopy

Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science

Volumn 30, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 463-472

  Yeong, Kay Kin ^a   Gavriilidis, Asterios ^a   Zapf, Ralf ^b   Kost, Hans Joachim ^b   Hessel, Volker ^b,c   Boyde, Alan ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b INSTITUT FÜR MIKROTECHNIK MAINZ GMBH   (Germany)

^c EINDHOVEN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Netherlands)

^d QUEEN MARY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Falling film; Liquid film thickness measurement; Microstructured reactor

Indexed keywords

ACETONE; CHANNEL FLOW; CONTACT ANGLE; ETHANOL; MICROSTRUCTURE; SURFACE TENSION; THIN FILMS;

FALLING FILMS; LASER SCANNING CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY; LIQUID FILM THICKNESS MEASUREMENTS; MICROSTRUCTURED REACTORS;

CHEMICAL REACTORS;

ACETONE; CHANNEL FLOW; CHEMICAL REACTORS; CONTACT ANGLE; ETHANOL; MICROSTRUCTURE; SURFACE TENSION; THIN FILMS;

EID: 33646165271     PISSN: 08941777     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2005.09.006     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Yih A.M., and Kuo C.C. Design and testing of a new type of falling film gas-liquid contacting device. AIChE Journal 34 (1988) 499-501
2. 3 sulfonation technology. Chemtech July (1992) 436-445
3. Walas S.M. Chemical reactors. In: Perry R.H., and Green D.W. (Eds). Chemical Engineer's Handbook. seventh ed. (1997), McGraw-Hill (Chapter 23)
4. Van Dam M.H.H., Corriou J.-P., Midoux N., Lamine A.-S., and Roizard C. Modelling and measurement of sulfur dioxide absorption rate in a laminar falling film reactor. Chemical Engineering Science 54 (1999) 5311-5318
5. Bessenet S., Renaudin V., Leclerc J.-P., and Hornut J.-M. RTD studies in a falling film graphite evaporator with internal spiral fins: influence of the geometry. Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 78 (2000) 486-494
6. Chen W., and Christensen R.N. Inlet subcooling effect on heat and mass transfer characteristics in a laminar film flow. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 43 (2000) 167-177
7. Kulankara S., and Herold K.E. Theory of heat/mass transfer additives in absorption chillers. HVAC&R Research 6 (2000) 369-380
8. Rahmah A.S., Elsayed M.M., and Al-Najem N.M. A numerical investigation for the heat and mass transfer between parallel flow of air and desiccant falling film in a fin-tube arrangement. HVAC&R Research 6 (2000) 307-323
9. Dabir B., Riazi M.R., and Davoudirad H.R. Modelling of falling film reactors. Chemical Engineering Science 51 (1996) 2553-2558
10. Karimi G., and Kawaji M. An experimental study of freely falling films in a vertical tube. Chemical Engineering Science 53 (1998) 3501-3512
11. V. Hessel, W. Ehrfeld, K. Golbig, V. Haverkamp, H. Löwe, M. Storz, Ch. Wille, A. Guber, K. Jähnisch, M. Baerns, Gas/liquid microreactors for direct fluorination of aromatic compounds using elemental fluorine, in: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Microreaction Technology, Frankfurt, 1999, pp. 526-540.
12. Jähnisch K., Baerns M., Hessel V., Ehrfeld W., Haverkamp V., Löwe H., Wille Ch., and Guber A. Direct fluorination of toluene using elemental fluorine in gas/liquid microreactors. Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 105 (2000) 117-128
13. Yeong K.K., Gavriilidis A., Zapf R., and Hessel V. Catalyst preparation and deactivation issues for nitrobenzene hydrogenation in a microstructured falling film reactor. Catalysis Today 81 (2003) 641-651
14. Yeong K.K., Gavriilidis A., Zapf R., and Hessel V. Experimental studies of nitrobenzene hydrogenation in a microstructured falling film reactor. Chemical Engineering Science 59 (2004) 3491-3494
15. Coney M.W.E. The theory and application of conductance probes for the measurement of liquid film thickness in two-phase flow. Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments 6 (1973) 903-910
16. Saha S., Tomarov G.V., and Povarov O.A. Experimental investigation on the effect of vibration on flow of liquid film in a horizontal duct. Experiments in Fluids 19 (1995) 383-387
17. Kumar R., Gottmann M., and Sridhar K.R. Film thickness and wave velocity measurements in a vertical duct. Transactions of the ASME I: Journal of Fluids Engineering 124 (2002) 634-642
18. Dwyer-Joyce R.S., Drinkwater B.W., and Donohoe C.J. The measurement of lubricant-film thickness using ultrasound. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A 459 (2003) 957-976
19. Addlesee A.J., and Cornwell K. Liquid film thickness above a bubble rising under an inclined plate. Transactions of the IChemE 75A (1997) 663-667
20. Roy R.P., Ku J., Kaufman I., and Shukla J. Microwave method for measurement of liquid film thickness in gas-liquid flow. Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986) 952-956
21. Hurley R.B., Kaufman I., and Roy R.P. Noncontacting microstrip monitor for liquid film thickness. Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990) 2462-2465
22. Peurrung L.M., and Graves D.B. Film thickness profiles over topography in spin coating. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 138 (1991) 2115-2124
23. Nozhat W.M. Measurement of liquid-film thickness by laser-interferometry. Applied Optics 36 (1997) 7864-7869
24. Johnson M.F.G., Schluter R.A., and Bankoff S.G. Fluorescent imaging system for global measurement of liquid film thickness and dynamic contact angle in free surface flows. Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997) 4097-4102
25. Hidrovo C.H., and Hart D.P. Emission reabsorption laser induced fluorescence (ERLIF) film thickness measurement. Measurement Science and Technology 12 (2001) 467-477
26. Cho H., and Min K. Measurement of liquid fuel film distribution on the cylinder liner of a spark ignition engine using the laser-induced fluorescence technique. Measurement Science and Technology 14 (2003) 975-982
27. Shedd T.A., and Newell T.A. Automated optical liquid film thickness measurement method. Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998) 4205-4213
28. Zhang J.T., Wang B.X., and Peng X.F. Falling liquid film thickness measurement by an optical-electronic method. Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000) 1883-1886
29. Mouza A.A., Paras S.V., and Karabelas A.J. The influence of small tube diameter on falling film and flooding phenomena. International Journal of Multiphase Flow 28 (2002) 1311-1331
30. Adler C.L., Lock J.A., Rafferty I.A., and Hickok W. Twin-rainbow metrology. 1. Measurement of the thickness of a thin liquid film draining under gravity. Applied Optics 42 (2003) 6584-6594
31. Hoke P.B., and McGrath J.J. Measurement of condensate film thickness on reflective surfaces with infrared thermography. Measurement Science and Technology 13 (2002) 1467-1474
32. Boyde A. Confocal optical microscopy. In: Duke P.J., and Michette A.G. (Eds). Modern Microscopies: Techniques and Applications (1990), Plenum Press, New York 185-204
33. In: Wilson T. (Ed). Confocal Microscopy (1990), Academic Press, London
34. In: Pawley J.B. (Ed). Handbook of Biological Confocal Microscopy. second ed. (1995), Plenum Press, New York
35. Boyde A., Gray C., and Jones S.J. Real-time confocal microscopy and cell biology. In: Cells J.E. (Ed). Cell Biology: A Laboratory Handbook. second ed. vol. II (1998), Academic Press, San Diego 179-186
36. Ribbe A.E., Hashimoto T., and Jinnai H. Complex image generation in the laser scanning confocal microscope of a polymer blend system. Journal of Material Science 31 (1996) 5837-5847
37. Ribbe A.E., Hayashi M., Weber M., and Hashimoto T. Identification of the morphology of a thin film by fluorescence laser-scanning confocal microscopy. Polymer 39 (1998) 7149-7151
38. Farinha J.P.S., Winnik M.A., and Hahn K.G. Characterization of oil droplets under a polymer film by laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy. Langmuir 16 (2000) 3391-3400
39. Moffit M., Rharbi Y., Chen W., Tong J.-D., Winnik M.A., Thurman D.W., Oberhauser J.P., Kornfield J.A., and Ryntz R.A. Stratified morphology of a polypropylene/elastomer blend following channel flow. Journal of Polymer Science B: Polymer Physics 40 (2002) 2842-2859
40. Zapf R., Becker-Willinger C., Berresheim K., Bolz H., Gnaser H., Hessel V., Kolb G., Lob P., Pannwitt A.K., and Ziogas A. Detailed characterization of various porous alumina-based catalyst coatings within microchannels and their testing for methanol steam reforming. Chemical Engineering Research and Design 81 (2003) 721-729
41. Cogswell C.J., and Sheppard C.J.R. Confocal brightfield imaging techniques using an on-axis scanning optical microscope. In: Wilson T. (Ed). Confocal Microscopy (1990), Academic Press, London
42. Boyde A., and Jones S.J. Mapping and measuring surfaces using reflection confocal microscopy. In: Pawley J.B. (Ed). Handbook of Biological Confocal Microscopy. second ed. (1995), Plenum Press, New York 255-266
43. Alekseenko S.V., Nakoryakov V.E., and Pokusaev B.G. Wave formation on vertical falling films. International Journal of Multiphase Flow 11 (1985) 607-627
44. Birikh R.V., Briskman V.A., Velarde M.G., and Legros J.C. Liquid Interfacial Systems. Oscillations and Instability (2003), Marcel Dekker, New York
45. Oron A., Davis S.H., and Bankoff S.G. Long-scale evolution of thin liquid films. Reviews of Modern Physics 69 (1997) 931-980
46. Hughes D.T., and Bott T.R. Minimum thickness of liquid film flowing down a vertical tube. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 41 (1998) 253-260
47. Adam N.K. Principles of penetration of liquids into solids. Discussion of the Faraday Society 3 (1948) 5-11
48. Seemann R., Brinkmann M., Kramer E.J., Lange F.F., and Lipowsky R. Wetting morphologies at microstructured surfaces. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102 (2005) 1848-1852
49. Adamson A.W., and Gast A.P. Physical Chemistry of Surfaces, Chapter II-Capillarity. sixth ed. (1997), Wiley-Interscience, New York
50. Li D. Drop size dependence of contact angles and line tensions of solid-liquid systems. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 116 (1996) 1-23
51. S. Hardt, F. Doffing, H. Pennemann, Simulation of hydrodynamic dispersion in gas/liquid microreactors, in: Proceedings of the International Conference on Modelling and Simulation of Microsystems, Puerto Rico, 2002.
52. Cubaud T., and Ferigier M. Advancing contact lines on chemically patterned surfaces. Journal of Colloids and Interfacial Science 269 (2004) 171-177
53. Horoba L., and Tudose R.X. Gravitational film flow in liquid-liquid systems. Revue Roumaine de Chimie 45 (2000) 955-961
54. Swain P.S., and Lipowsky R. Contact angle on heterogeneous surfaces: a new look at Cassie's and Wenzel's laws. Langmuir 14 (1998) 6772-6780
55. Lin C.H., Ybarra R.M., and Neogi P. Three and two-dimensional effects in wetting kinetics. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 67 (1996) 185-204