Teaching children with autism when reward is delayed. The effects of two kinds of marking stimuli

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders

Volumn 35, Issue 6, 2005, Pages 839-850

  Grindle, Corinna F ^a   Remington, Bob ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Applied behavior analysis; Associative learning; Attention; Delayed reinforcement; Discrete trial training; Response marking

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; AUTISM; BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE; CASE REPORT; CHILD; CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DELAYED REINFORCEMENT; DISCRETE TRIAL LEARNING; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REINFORCEMENT; RESPONSE MARKING; RESPONSE VARIABLE; STATE DEPENDENT LEARNING; TRAINING; ATTENTION; FEMALE; LEARNING; METHODOLOGY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; REWARD; TEACHING;

ASSOCIATION LEARNING; ATTENTION; AUTISTIC DISORDER; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; REINFORCEMENT (PSYCHOLOGY); REWARD; TEACHING;

EID: 33645933896     PISSN: 01623257     EISSN: 15733432     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10803-005-0029-2     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Badia, P., Culbertson, S., & Harsh, J. (1973). Choice of longer or stronger signalled shock over shorter or weaker unsignalled shock. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 19, 25-32.
2. Barlow, D. H., & Hayes, S. C. (1979). Alternating treatments design: One strategy for comparing the effects of two treatments in a single subject. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 12, 199-210.
3. Baron-Cohen, S. (1997). Mindblindness. An essay on autism and theory of mind. London, England: The MIT press.
4. Brown, R., & Kulik, K. (1977). Flashbulb memories. Cognition, 5, 73-99.
5. Burack, J. A. (1994). Selective attention deficits in persons with autism-preliminary evidence of an inefficient attentional lens. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 10, 535-543.
6. DeLeon, I. G., & Iwata, B. A. (1996). Evaluation of a multiple-stimulus presentation format for assessing reinforcer preferences. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 29, 519-533.
7. Dunn, L. I. M., Dunn, L. M., Whetton, C., & Burley, J., (1997). The British Picture Vocabulary Scale (2nd ed.) (BPVS-II). Windsor, Berks: NFER-Nelson.
8. Green, G. (1996). Early behavioral intervention: What does research tell us? In: C. Maurice, G. Green, & S. Luce (Eds.), Behavioral intervention for young children with autism: A manual for parents and professionals. (pp. 29-44). Austin, Texas: Pro-ed.
9. Gresham, F. M., & MacMillan, D. L. (1997). Autistic recovery? An analysis and critique of the empirical evidence on the early intervention project. Behavioral Disorders, 22, 185-201.
10. Grice, G. R. (1948). The relation of secondary reinforcement to delayed reward in visual discrimination learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38, 1-16.
11. Grindle, C. F., & Remington, B. (2002). Discrete-trial training for autistic children when reward is delayed: A comparison of conditioned cue value and response marking. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 35, 187-190.
12. Grindle, C. F., & Remington, B. (2004). Teaching children with autism using conditioned cue-value and response marking procedures: A socially valid procedure. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 25, 413-429.
13. Higbee, T., Carr, J. E., & Harrison, C. D. (1999). The effects of pictorial versus tangible stimuli in stimulus-preference assessments. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 20, 63-72.
14. Higbee, T., Carr, J. E., & Harrison, C. D. (2000). Further evaluation of the multiple-stimulus preference assessment. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 21, 61-73.
15. Hull, C. E. (1943). Principles of behaviour. New York: Appleton-Century Crofts.
16. Jay, A. S., Grote, I., & Baer, D. M. (1999). Teaching participants with developmental disabilities to comply with self-instructions. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 104, 509-522.
17. Jordan, R., Jones, G., & Murray, D. (1998). Educational interventions for children with autism: A literature review of current research (Department for Education and Employment Research Report. No. 77). Norwich. UK. Crown Copyright.
18. Kazdin, A. E. (1982). The token economy: A decade later. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 15, 431-445.
19. Lieberman, D. A. (1972). Secondary reinforcement and information as determinants of observing behaviour in monkeys (Macca mulatto). Learning and Motivation, 3, 341-358.
20. Lieberman, D. A., McIntosh, D. C., & Thomas, G. V. (1979). Learning when reward is delayed: A marking hypothesis. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 5, 224-242.
21. Lieberman, D. A., McIntosh, D. C., & Thomas, G. V. (1985). Marking in pigeons: The role of memory in delayed reinforcement. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 5, 224-242.
22. Lovaas, O. I. (1987). Behavioral treatment and normal educational and intellectual functioning in young autistic children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 3-9.
23. Lovaas, O. I. (2003). Teaching individuals with developmental delays. Basic intervention techniques. Austin, Texas: PRO-ED.
24. Lovaas, O. I., Freitag, G., Kinder, M. I., Rubenstein, B. D., Schaeffer, B., & Simmons, J. Q. (1966). Establishment of social reinforcers in two schizophrenic children on the basis of food. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 4, 109-125.
25. Matson, J. L., Benavidez, D. A., Compton, L. S., Paclawskyj, T., & Baglio, C. (1996). Behavioral treatment of autistic persons: A review of research from 1980 to the present. Research-in-Developmental-Disabilities, 17, 433-465.
26. McGee, G. G., Morrier, M. J., & Daly, T. (1999). An incidental teaching approach to early intervention for toddlers with autism. Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 24, 133-146.
27. New York State Department of Health (1999). Report of the Recommendations. Autism/Pervasive Developmental Disorders. Publication No. 4215.
28. Noterdaeme, M., Amorosa, H., Hildenberger, K., Sitter, S., & Minow, F. (2001). Evaluation of attention problems in children with autism and children with a specific language disorder. European Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 10, 58-66.
29. Perkins, C. C. (1947). The relation of secondary reward to gradients of reinforcement. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 37, 377-392.
30. Schrier, A. M., Thompson, C. R., & Spector, N. R. (1980). Observing behavior in monkeys (Macaca arctoides) Support for the information hypothesis. Learning and Motivation, 11, 355-365.
31. Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and human behavior. New York: Appleton-Century Crofts.
32. Stromer, R., MacKay, H. A., McVay, A. A., & Fowler, T. (1998). Written lists as mediating stimuli in the matching-to-sample performances of individuals with mental retardation. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 31, 1-19.
33. Taylor, I. O., & Reilly, M. F. (1997). Toward a functional analysis of private verbal self-regulation. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 30, 43-58.
34. Thomas, G. V, Lieberman, D. A., McIntosh, D. C., & Ronaldson, P. (1983). The role of marking when reward is delayed. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 9, 401-411.
35. Thomas, G. C., Robertson, D., & Lieberman, D. A. (1987). Marking effects in Pavlovian Trace Conditioning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 2, 126-135.
36. Thomas, G. C., Robertson, D., & Lieberman, D. A. (1990). The effects of relative intensity of cue and marker on marked trace conditioning in pigeons. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 42B, 267-287.
37. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (1999). Children and mental health. In Mental Health: A Report of the surgeon general. Retrieved Dec 2, 2003, from http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/mentalhealth/toc.html#chapter3.
38. Wainwrightsharp, A., & Bryson, S. (1993). Visual orienting deficits in high-functioning people with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 25, 1-13.
39. Williams, B. A. (1994). Conditioned reinforcement: Neglected or outmoded explanatory construct. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 1, 457-475.
40. Wolfe, J. B. (1934). The effect of delayed reward upon learning in the white rat. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 17, 1-21.
41. Wyckoff, L. B. (1952). The role of observing responses in discrimination learning Part I. Psychological Review, 59, 431-422.