메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 85-97

Systemic and localized scleroderma in children: Current and future treatment options

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMLODIPINE; ANGIOTENSIN 2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ANTIFIBROTIC AGENT; ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; BOSENTAN; CALCIUM ANTAGONIST; CORTICOSTEROID; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; CYCLOSPORIN; DILTIAZEM; GLUCOCORTICOID; ILOPROST; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; LOSARTAN; METHOTREXATE; METHOXSALEN; NICARDIPINE; NIFEDIPINE; OMEPRAZOLE; PENICILLAMINE; PREDNISOLONE; PROSTACYCLIN; RECOMBINANT GAMMA INTERFERON; RELAXIN; THALIDOMIDE; UNINDEXED DRUG; UNIPROST; VASODILATOR AGENT; VERAPAMIL; VITAMIN D DERIVATIVE;

EID: 33645839577     PISSN: 11745878     EISSN: 11745878     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/00148581-200608020-00002     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (19)

References (154)
  • 1
    • 0019904130 scopus 로고
    • Cutaneous and subcutaneous inflammatory sclerosis syndromes
    • Doyle JA, Connolly SM, Winkelmann RK. Cutaneous and subcutaneous inflammatory sclerosis syndromes. Arch Dermatol 1982; 118 (11): 886-90
    • (1982) Arch Dermatol , vol.118 , Issue.11 , pp. 886-890
    • Doyle, J.A.1    Connolly, S.M.2    Winkelmann, R.K.3
  • 2
    • 0018887574 scopus 로고
    • Preliminary criteria for the classification of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma): Subcommittee for scleroderma criteria of the American Rheumatism Association Diagnostic and Therapeutic Criteria Committee
    • Preliminary criteria for the classification of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma): subcommittee for scleroderma criteria of the American Rheumatism Association Diagnostic and Therapeutic Criteria Committee. Arthritis Rheum 1980; 23 (5): 581-90
    • (1980) Arthritis Rheum , vol.23 , Issue.5 , pp. 581-590
  • 3
    • 0027197287 scopus 로고
    • The clinical assessment of the scleroderma spectrum disorders
    • Belch JJ. The clinical assessment of the scleroderma spectrum disorders. Br Rheumatol 1993; 32 (5): 353-5
    • (1993) Br Rheumatol , vol.32 , Issue.5 , pp. 353-355
    • Belch, J.J.1
  • 4
    • 0018957217 scopus 로고
    • The CREST syndrome: A distinct serologic entity with anticentromere antibodies
    • Fritzler MJ, Kinsella TD. The CREST syndrome: a distinct serologic entity with anticentromere antibodies. Am J Med 1980; 69 (4): 520-6
    • (1980) Am J Med , vol.69 , Issue.4 , pp. 520-526
    • Fritzler, M.J.1    Kinsella, T.D.2
  • 5
    • 33645868497 scopus 로고
    • Overlap syndrome
    • Woo P, Ansell BM, editors. Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Allen R. Overlap syndrome. In: Woo P, Ansell BM, editors. Pediatric rheumatology update. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990: 209-16
    • (1990) Pediatric Rheumatology Update , pp. 209-216
    • Allen, R.1
  • 6
    • 0242718643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The systemic sclerodermas and related disorders
    • Cassidy JT, Petty RE, editors. Philadelphia (PA): WB Saunders
    • Cassidy JT, Petty RE. The systemic sclerodermas and related disorders. In: Cassidy JT, Petty RE, editors. Textbook of pediatric rheumatology. Philadelphia (PA): WB Saunders, 2001: 505-33
    • (2001) Textbook of Pediatric Rheumatology , pp. 505-533
    • Cassidy, J.T.1    Petty, R.E.2
  • 7
    • 0028223944 scopus 로고
    • Localized scleroderma in childhood: A report of 30 cases
    • Uziel Y, Krafchik BR, Silverman ED, et al. Localized scleroderma in childhood: a report of 30 cases. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1994; 23 (5): 328-40
    • (1994) Semin Arthritis Rheum , vol.23 , Issue.5 , pp. 328-340
    • Uziel, Y.1    Krafchik, B.R.2    Silverman, E.D.3
  • 8
    • 0029905420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Childhood-onset scleroderma: Is it different from adult-onset disease
    • Vancheeswaran R, Black CM, David J, et al. Childhood-onset scleroderma: is it different from adult-onset disease. Arthritis Rheum 1996; 39 (6): 1041-9
    • (1996) Arthritis Rheum , vol.39 , Issue.6 , pp. 1041-1049
    • Vancheeswaran, R.1    Black, C.M.2    David, J.3
  • 9
    • 0029815606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Childhood scleroderma and its peculiarities
    • Blaszczyk M, Janniger CK, Jablonska S. Childhood scleroderma and its peculiarities. Cutis 1996; 58 (2): 141-4, 148-52
    • (1996) Cutis , vol.58 , Issue.2 , pp. 141-144
    • Blaszczyk, M.1    Janniger, C.K.2    Jablonska, S.3
  • 10
    • 33645865074 scopus 로고
    • Histopathology of linear scleroderma
    • Jablonska S, editor. Warsaw: Warsaw Polish Medical Publishers
    • Jablonska S. Histopathology of linear scleroderma. In: Jablonska S, editor. Scleroderma and pseudoscleroderma. Warsaw: Warsaw Polish Medical Publishers: 1976: 191-233
    • (1976) Scleroderma and Pseudoscleroderma , pp. 191-233
    • Jablonska, S.1
  • 11
    • 0024342332 scopus 로고
    • Localized scleroderma
    • Falanga V. Localized scleroderma. Med Clin North Am 1989; 73 (5): 1143-56
    • (1989) Med Clin North Am , vol.73 , Issue.5 , pp. 1143-1156
    • Falanga, V.1
  • 12
    • 0028788272 scopus 로고
    • Classification of morphea (localized scleroderma)
    • Peterson LS, Nelson AM, Su WP. Classification of morphea (localized scleroderma). Mayo Clin Proc 1995; 70 (11): 1068-76
    • (1995) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.70 , Issue.11 , pp. 1068-1076
    • Peterson, L.S.1    Nelson, A.M.2    Su, W.P.3
  • 13
    • 0026762519 scopus 로고
    • The Parry Romberg syndrome of progressive facial hemiatrophy and linear scleroderma en coup de sabre: Mistaken diagnosis or overlapping conditions?
    • Lehman TJ. The Parry Romberg syndrome of progressive facial hemiatrophy and linear scleroderma en coup de sabre: mistaken diagnosis or overlapping conditions? J Rheumatol 1992; 19 (6): 844-5
    • (1992) J Rheumatol , vol.19 , Issue.6 , pp. 844-845
    • Lehman, T.J.1
  • 14
    • 0033281946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linear scleroderma en coup de sabre: Relationship with progressive facial hemiatrophy (PFH)
    • Blaszczyk M, Jablonska S. Linear scleroderma en coup de sabre: relationship with progressive facial hemiatrophy (PFH). Adv Exp Med Biol 1999; 455: 101-4
    • (1999) Adv Exp Med Biol , vol.455 , pp. 101-104
    • Blaszczyk, M.1    Jablonska, S.2
  • 15
    • 0026576097 scopus 로고
    • Localized cutaneous scleroderma
    • Krafchik BR. Localized cutaneous scleroderma. Semin Dermatol 1992; 11 (1): 65-72
    • (1992) Semin Dermatol , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 65-72
    • Krafchik, B.R.1
  • 17
    • 0016589829 scopus 로고
    • Diffuse fasciitis with eosinophilia: A new syndrome?
    • Shulman LE. Diffuse fasciitis with eosinophilia: a new syndrome? Trans Assoc Am Physicians 1975; 88: 70-86
    • (1975) Trans Assoc Am Physicians , vol.88 , pp. 70-86
    • Shulman, L.E.1
  • 18
    • 0016547817 scopus 로고
    • Proceedings: Eosinophilic fasciitis. Report of six cases of a newly recognized scleroderma-like syndrome
    • Rodnan GP, DiBartolomeo A, Medsger Jr TA. Proceedings: eosinophilic fasciitis. Report of six cases of a newly recognized scleroderma-like syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 1975; 18 (5): 525
    • (1975) Arthritis Rheum , vol.18 , Issue.5 , pp. 525
    • Rodnan, G.P.1    DiBartolomeo, A.2    Medsger Jr., T.A.3
  • 20
    • 0030899033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of systemic sclerosis in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania: A twenty-year study of hospital-diagnosed cases, 1963-1982
    • Steen VD, Oddis CV, Conte CG, et al. Incidence of systemic sclerosis in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania: a twenty-year study of hospital-diagnosed cases, 1963-1982. Arthritis Rheum 1997; 40: 441-5
    • (1997) Arthritis Rheum , vol.40 , pp. 441-445
    • Steen, V.D.1    Oddis, C.V.2    Conte, C.G.3
  • 22
    • 0028092838 scopus 로고
    • Demography of a regional pediatric rheumatology patient population: Affiliated children's arthritis centers of New England
    • Denardo BA, Tucker LB, Miller LC, et al. Demography of a regional pediatric rheumatology patient population: affiliated children's arthritis centers of New England. J Rheumatol 1994; 21 (8): 1553-61
    • (1994) J Rheumatol , vol.21 , Issue.8 , pp. 1553-1561
    • Denardo, B.A.1    Tucker, L.B.2    Miller, L.C.3
  • 23
    • 0034083538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Results of a multi-national survey regarding a feasibility study for a therapeutic trial in juvenile systemic sclerosis
    • Foeldvari I. Results of a multi-national survey regarding a feasibility study for a therapeutic trial in juvenile systemic sclerosis [abstract]. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2000; 18 (3): 424
    • (2000) Clin Exp Rheumatol , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 424
    • Foeldvari, I.1
  • 24
    • 0035464180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunopathogenesis of scleroderma: Evolving concepts
    • Sapadin AN, Esser AC, Fleischmajer R. Immunopathogenesis of scleroderma: evolving concepts. Mt Sinai J Med 2001; 68 (4-5): 233-42
    • (2001) Mt Sinai J Med , vol.68 , Issue.4-5 , pp. 233-242
    • Sapadin, A.N.1    Esser, A.C.2    Fleischmajer, R.3
  • 26
    • 0029964980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antinuclear antibody in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)
    • Okano Y. Antinuclear antibody in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). Rheum Dis Clin North Am 1996; 22 (4): 709-35
    • (1996) Rheum Dis Clin North Am , vol.22 , Issue.4 , pp. 709-735
    • Okano, Y.1
  • 27
    • 0026316776 scopus 로고
    • Endothelial and fibroblastic activation in scleroderma: The myth of the 'uninvolved skin'
    • Claman HN, Giorno RC, Seibold JR. Endothelial and fibroblastic activation in scleroderma: the myth of the 'uninvolved skin'. Arthritis Rheum 1991; 34 (12): 1495-501
    • (1991) Arthritis Rheum , vol.34 , Issue.12 , pp. 1495-1501
    • Claman, H.N.1    Giorno, R.C.2    Seibold, J.R.3
  • 28
    • 0027248880 scopus 로고
    • Microcirculatory functions in systemic sclerosis: Additional parameters for therapeutic concepts?
    • Albrecht HP, Hiller D, Hornstein OP, et al. Microcirculatory functions in systemic sclerosis: additional parameters for therapeutic concepts? J Invest Dermatol 1993; 101 (2): 211-5
    • (1993) J Invest Dermatol , vol.101 , Issue.2 , pp. 211-215
    • Albrecht, H.P.1    Hiller, D.2    Hornstein, O.P.3
  • 29
    • 0028172816 scopus 로고
    • Plasma TGF beta in systemic sclerosis: A cross-sectional study
    • Snowden N, Coupes B, Herrick A, et al. Plasma TGF beta in systemic sclerosis: a cross-sectional study. Ann Rheum Dis 1994; 53 (11): 763-7
    • (1994) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.53 , Issue.11 , pp. 763-767
    • Snowden, N.1    Coupes, B.2    Herrick, A.3
  • 30
    • 0025092082 scopus 로고
    • Transcription and expression of transforming growth factor type beta in the skin of progressive systemic sclerosis: A mediator of fibrosis?
    • Gruschwitz M, Muller PU, Sepp N, et al. Transcription and expression of transforming growth factor type beta in the skin of progressive systemic sclerosis: a mediator of fibrosis? J Invest Dermatol 1990; 94 (2): 197-203
    • (1990) J Invest Dermatol , vol.94 , Issue.2 , pp. 197-203
    • Gruschwitz, M.1    Muller, P.U.2    Sepp, N.3
  • 31
    • 0035161153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transforming growth factor-beta and connective tissue growth factor: Key cytokines in scleroderma pathogenesis
    • Denton CP, Abraham DJ. Transforming growth factor-beta and connective tissue growth factor: key cytokines in scleroderma pathogenesis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2001; 13 (6): 505-11
    • (2001) Curr Opin Rheumatol , vol.13 , Issue.6 , pp. 505-511
    • Denton, C.P.1    Abraham, D.J.2
  • 32
    • 0032560034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of fetal DNA and cells in skin lesions from women with systemic sclerosis
    • Artlett CM, Smith JB, Jimenez SA. Identification of fetal DNA and cells in skin lesions from women with systemic sclerosis. N Engl J Med 1998; 338 (17): 1186-91
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.338 , Issue.17 , pp. 1186-1191
    • Artlett, C.M.1    Smith, J.B.2    Jimenez, S.A.3
  • 33
    • 6744259005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Favourable outcome in 135 children with juvenile systemic sclerosis: Results of a multi-national survey
    • Oxford
    • Foeldvari I, Zhavania M, Birdi N, et al. Favourable outcome in 135 children with juvenile systemic sclerosis: results of a multi-national survey. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2000; 39 (5): 556-9
    • (2000) Rheumatology , vol.39 , Issue.5 , pp. 556-559
    • Foeldvari, I.1    Zhavania, M.2    Birdi, N.3
  • 34
    • 0024557749 scopus 로고
    • Raynaud syndrome in childhood
    • Duffy CM, Laxer RM, Lee P, et al. Raynaud syndrome in childhood. J Pediatr 1989; 114 (1): 73-8
    • (1989) J Pediatr , vol.114 , Issue.1 , pp. 73-78
    • Duffy, C.M.1    Laxer, R.M.2    Lee, P.3
  • 35
    • 0020697123 scopus 로고
    • Nailfold capillary abnormalities in childhood rheumatic diseases
    • Spencer-Green G, Schlesinger M, Bove KE, et al. Nailfold capillary abnormalities in childhood rheumatic diseases. J Pediatr 1983; 102 (3): 341-6
    • (1983) J Pediatr , vol.102 , Issue.3 , pp. 341-346
    • Spencer-Green, G.1    Schlesinger, M.2    Bove, K.E.3
  • 36
    • 0033747359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Twenty-four hour intraesophageal pH monitoring in children and adolescents with scleroderma and mixed connective tissue disease
    • Weber P, Ganser G, Frosch M, et al. Twenty-four hour intraesophageal pH monitoring in children and adolescents with scleroderma and mixed connective tissue disease. J Rheumatol 2000; 27 (11): 2692-5
    • (2000) J Rheumatol , vol.27 , Issue.11 , pp. 2692-2695
    • Weber, P.1    Ganser, G.2    Frosch, M.3
  • 38
    • 0034522391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computed tomography of diffuse interstitial lung disease in children
    • Koh DM, Hansell DM. Computed tomography of diffuse interstitial lung disease in children. Clin Radiol 2000; 55 (9): 659-67
    • (2000) Clin Radiol , vol.55 , Issue.9 , pp. 659-667
    • Koh, D.M.1    Hansell, D.M.2
  • 39
    • 0031882803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic sclerosis: Using high-resolution CT to detect lung disease in children
    • Seely JM, Jones LT, Wallace C, et al. Systemic sclerosis: using high-resolution CT to detect lung disease in children. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1998; 170 (3): 691-7
    • (1998) AJR Am J Roentgenol , vol.170 , Issue.3 , pp. 691-697
    • Seely, J.M.1    Jones, L.T.2    Wallace, C.3
  • 40
    • 0028130596 scopus 로고
    • Severe restrictive lung disease in systemic sclerosis
    • Steen VD, Conte C, Owens GR, et al. Severe restrictive lung disease in systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum 1994; 37 (9): 1283-9
    • (1994) Arthritis Rheum , vol.37 , Issue.9 , pp. 1283-1289
    • Steen, V.D.1    Conte, C.2    Owens, G.R.3
  • 41
    • 0021808769 scopus 로고
    • Juvenile progressive systemic sclerosis: Clinical and serologic findings
    • Suarez-Almazor ME, Catoggio LJ, Maldonado-Cocco JA, et al. Juvenile progressive systemic sclerosis: clinical and serologic findings. Arthritis Rheum 1985; 28 (6): 699-702
    • (1985) Arthritis Rheum , vol.28 , Issue.6 , pp. 699-702
    • Suarez-Almazor, M.E.1    Catoggio, L.J.2    Maldonado-Cocco, J.A.3
  • 42
    • 0036021161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe cardiac involvement in children with systemic sclerosis and myositis
    • Quartier P, Bonnet D, Fournet JC, et al. Severe cardiac involvement in children with systemic sclerosis and myositis. J Rheumatol 2002; 29 (8): 1767-73
    • (2002) J Rheumatol , vol.29 , Issue.8 , pp. 1767-1773
    • Quartier, P.1    Bonnet, D.2    Fournet, J.C.3
  • 43
    • 0021350660 scopus 로고
    • Physiologic abnormalities of cardiac function in progressive systemic sclerosis with diffuse scleroderma
    • Follansbee WP, Curtiss EI, Medsger Jr TA, et al. Physiologic abnormalities of cardiac function in progressive systemic sclerosis with diffuse scleroderma. N Engl J Med 1984; 310 (3): 142-8
    • (1984) N Engl J Med , vol.310 , Issue.3 , pp. 142-148
    • Follansbee, W.P.1    Curtiss, E.I.2    Medsger Jr., T.A.3
  • 44
    • 0022720902 scopus 로고
    • The cardiovascular manifestations of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)
    • Follansbee WP. The cardiovascular manifestations of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). Curr Probl Cardiol 1986; 11 (5): 241-98
    • (1986) Curr Probl Cardiol , vol.11 , Issue.5 , pp. 241-298
    • Follansbee, W.P.1
  • 45
    • 0025152770 scopus 로고
    • Outcome of renal crisis in systemic sclerosis: Relation to availability of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
    • Steen VD, Costantino JP, Shapiro AP, et al. Outcome of renal crisis in systemic sclerosis: relation to availability of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Ann Intern Med 1990; 113 (5): 352-7
    • (1990) Ann Intern Med , vol.113 , Issue.5 , pp. 352-357
    • Steen, V.D.1    Costantino, J.P.2    Shapiro, A.P.3
  • 46
    • 0022385396 scopus 로고
    • Use of captopril as early therapy for renal scleroderma: A prospective study
    • Beckett VL, Donadio Jr JV, Brennan Jr LA, et al. Use of captopril as early therapy for renal scleroderma: a prospective study. Mayo Clin Proc 1985; 60 (11): 763-71
    • (1985) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.60 , Issue.11 , pp. 763-771
    • Beckett, V.L.1    Donadio Jr., J.V.2    Brennan Jr., L.A.3
  • 47
    • 0022479693 scopus 로고
    • Scleroderma in childhood
    • Singsen BH. Scleroderma in childhood. Pediatr Clin North Am 1986; 33 (5): 1119-39
    • (1986) Pediatr Clin North Am , vol.33 , Issue.5 , pp. 1119-1139
    • Singsen, B.H.1
  • 48
    • 0014257675 scopus 로고
    • The rheumatic manifestations of progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)
    • Rodnan GP, Medsger TA. The rheumatic manifestations of progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). Clin Orthop 1968; 57: 81-93
    • (1968) Clin Orthop , vol.57 , pp. 81-93
    • Rodnan, G.P.1    Medsger, T.A.2
  • 49
    • 0015478803 scopus 로고
    • Changes in the locomotor system in progressive systemic sclerosis in children
    • Szymanska-Jagiello W, Rondio H, Jakubowska K. Changes in the locomotor system in progressive systemic sclerosis in children. Mater Med Pol 1972; 4 (4): 201-9
    • (1972) Mater Med Pol , vol.4 , Issue.4 , pp. 201-209
    • Szymanska-Jagiello, W.1    Rondio, H.2    Jakubowska, K.3
  • 50
    • 0033767899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe organ involvement in systemic sclerosis with diffuse scleroderma
    • Steen VD, Medsger Jr TA. Severe organ involvement in systemic sclerosis with diffuse scleroderma. Arthritis Rheum 2000; 43 (11): 2437-44
    • (2000) Arthritis Rheum , vol.43 , Issue.11 , pp. 2437-2444
    • Steen, V.D.1    Medsger Jr., T.A.2
  • 51
    • 0023839392 scopus 로고
    • Clinical correlations and prognosis based on serum autoantibodies in patients with systemic sclerosis
    • Steen VD, Powell DL, Medsger Jr TA. Clinical correlations and prognosis based on serum autoantibodies in patients with systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum 1988; 31 (2): 196-203
    • (1988) Arthritis Rheum , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 196-203
    • Steen, V.D.1    Powell, D.L.2    Medsger Jr., T.A.3
  • 52
    • 0028335939 scopus 로고
    • Racial differences in the distribution of systemic sclerosis-related serum antinuclear antibodies
    • Kuwana M, Okano Y, Kaburaki J, et al. Racial differences in the distribution of systemic sclerosis-related serum antinuclear antibodies. Arthritis Rheum 1994; 37 (6): 902-6
    • (1994) Arthritis Rheum , vol.37 , Issue.6 , pp. 902-906
    • Kuwana, M.1    Okano, Y.2    Kaburaki, J.3
  • 53
    • 0020676295 scopus 로고
    • Serological markers in progressive systemic sclerosis: Clinical correlations
    • Catoggio LJ, Bernstein RM, Black CM, et al. Serological markers in progressive systemic sclerosis: clinical correlations. Ann Rheum Dis 1983; 42 (1): 23-7
    • (1983) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.42 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-27
    • Catoggio, L.J.1    Bernstein, R.M.2    Black, C.M.3
  • 54
    • 0030794708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A longitudinal study of pulmonary function in Danish patients with systemic sclerosis
    • Jacobsen S, Halberg P, Ullman S, et al. A longitudinal study of pulmonary function in Danish patients with systemic sclerosis. Clin Rheumatol 1997; 16 (4): 384-90
    • (1997) Clin Rheumatol , vol.16 , Issue.4 , pp. 384-390
    • Jacobsen, S.1    Halberg, P.2    Ullman, S.3
  • 55
    • 0034766042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of clinical features, serum antinuclear antibodies, lung function on survival of patients with systemic sclerosis
    • Jacobsen S, Ullman S, Shen GQ, et al. Influence of clinical features, serum antinuclear antibodies, lung function on survival of patients with systemic sclerosis. J Rheumatol 2001; 28 (11): 2454-9
    • (2001) J Rheumatol , vol.28 , Issue.11 , pp. 2454-2459
    • Jacobsen, S.1    Ullman, S.2    Shen, G.Q.3
  • 56
    • 0034782087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical significance of anti-topoisomersase I antibody levels determined by ELISA in systemic sclerosis
    • Oxford
    • Sato S, Hamaguchi Y, Hasegawa M, et al. Clinical significance of anti-topoisomersase I antibody levels determined by ELISA in systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2001; 40 (10): 1135-40
    • (2001) Rheumatology , vol.40 , Issue.10 , pp. 1135-1140
    • Sato, S.1    Hamaguchi, Y.2    Hasegawa, M.3
  • 58
    • 33645855995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is routine testing of anti-topoisomerase antibody (Scl-70) and anti-centromere antibody (ACA) warranted in a pediatric population?
    • Rosenkranz M, Agle LA, Efthimiou P, et al. Is routine testing of anti-topoisomerase antibody (Scl-70) and anti-centromere antibody (ACA) warranted in a pediatric population [abstract]? Arthritis Rheum 2003; 48 (9 Suppl.): S1301
    • (2003) Arthritis Rheum , vol.48 , Issue.9 SUPPL.
    • Rosenkranz, M.1    Agle, L.A.2    Efthimiou, P.3
  • 60
    • 0020382052 scopus 로고
    • D-penicillamine therapy in progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma): A retrospective analysis
    • Steen VD, Medsger Jr TA, Rodnan GP. D-penicillamine therapy in progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma): a retrospective analysis. Ann Intern Med 1982; 97 (5): 652-9
    • (1982) Ann Intern Med , vol.97 , Issue.5 , pp. 652-659
    • Steen, V.D.1    Medsger Jr., T.A.2    Rodnan, G.P.3
  • 61
    • 0026333501 scopus 로고
    • A 15-year prospective study of treatment of rapidly progressive systemic sclerosis with D-penicillamine
    • Jimenez SA, Sigal SH. A 15-year prospective study of treatment of rapidly progressive systemic sclerosis with D-penicillamine. J Rheumatol 1991; 18 (10): 1496-503
    • (1991) J Rheumatol , vol.18 , Issue.10 , pp. 1496-1503
    • Jimenez, S.A.1    Sigal, S.H.2
  • 62
    • 0033064099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-dose versus low-dose D-penicillamine in early diffuse systemic sclerosis: Analysis of a two-year, double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial
    • Clements PJ, Furst DE, Wong WK, et al. High-dose versus low-dose D-penicillamine in early diffuse systemic sclerosis: analysis of a two-year, double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Arthritis Rheum 1999; 42 (6): 1194-203
    • (1999) Arthritis Rheum , vol.42 , Issue.6 , pp. 1194-1203
    • Clements, P.J.1    Furst, D.E.2    Wong, W.K.3
  • 63
    • 0034886946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • D-penicillamine in systemic sclerosis? Yes!
    • Medsger Jr TA, Lucas M, Wildy KS, et al. D-penicillamine in systemic sclerosis? Yes! Scand J Rheumatol 2001; 30 (4): 192-4
    • (2001) Scand J Rheumatol , vol.30 , Issue.4 , pp. 192-194
    • Medsger Jr., T.A.1    Lucas, M.2    Wildy, K.S.3
  • 64
    • 0034881149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • D-penicillamine is not an effective treatment in systemic sclerosis
    • Furst DE, Clements PJ. D-penicillamine is not an effective treatment in systemic sclerosis. Scand J Rheumatol 2001; 30 (4): 189-91
    • (2001) Scand J Rheumatol , vol.30 , Issue.4 , pp. 189-191
    • Furst, D.E.1    Clements, P.J.2
  • 65
    • 7844237877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interferon-gamma in the treatment of systemic sclerosis: A randomized controlled multicentre trial
    • Grassegger A, Schuler G, Hessenberger G, et al. Interferon-gamma in the treatment of systemic sclerosis: a randomized controlled multicentre trial. Br J Dermatol 1998; 139 (4): 639-48
    • (1998) Br J Dermatol , vol.139 , Issue.4 , pp. 639-648
    • Grassegger, A.1    Schuler, G.2    Hessenberger, G.3
  • 66
    • 0030453783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relaxin induces an extracellular matrix-degrading phenotype in human lung fibroblasts in vitro and inhibits lung fibrosis in a murine model in vivo
    • Unemori EN, Pickford LB, Salles AL, et al. Relaxin induces an extracellular matrix-degrading phenotype in human lung fibroblasts in vitro and inhibits lung fibrosis in a murine model in vivo. J Clin Invest 1996; 98 (12): 2739-45
    • (1996) J Clin Invest , vol.98 , Issue.12 , pp. 2739-2745
    • Unemori, E.N.1    Pickford, L.B.2    Salles, A.L.3
  • 67
    • 0034612234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recombinant human relaxin in the treatment of scleroderma: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Seibold JR, Korn JH, Simms R, et al. Recombinant human relaxin in the treatment of scleroderma: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 2000; 132 (11): 871-9
    • (2000) Ann Intern Med , vol.132 , Issue.11 , pp. 871-879
    • Seibold, J.R.1    Korn, J.H.2    Simms, R.3
  • 68
    • 0036673114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relaxins: Lessons and limitations
    • Seibold JR. Relaxins: lessons and limitations. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2002; 4 (4): 275-6
    • (2002) Curr Rheumatol Rep , vol.4 , Issue.4 , pp. 275-276
    • Seibold, J.R.1
  • 69
    • 0027515841 scopus 로고
    • Effects of methotrexate on glycosaminoglycan production by scleroderma fibroblasts in culture
    • van den Hoogen FH, van der Kraan PM, Boerbooms AM, et al. Effects of methotrexate on glycosaminoglycan production by scleroderma fibroblasts in culture. Ann Rheum Dis 1993; 52 (10): 758-61
    • (1993) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.52 , Issue.10 , pp. 758-761
    • Van Den Hoogen, F.H.1    Van Der Kraan, P.M.2    Boerbooms, A.M.3
  • 70
    • 0029867337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of methotrexate with placebo in the treatment of systemic sclerosis: A 24 week randomized double-blind trial, followed by a 24 week observational trial
    • van den Hoogen FH, Boerbooms AM, Swaak AJ, et al. Comparison of methotrexate with placebo in the treatment of systemic sclerosis: a 24 week randomized double-blind trial, followed by a 24 week observational trial. Br J Rheumatol 1996; 35 (4): 364-72
    • (1996) Br J Rheumatol , vol.35 , Issue.4 , pp. 364-372
    • Van Den Hoogen, F.H.1    Boerbooms, A.M.2    Swaak, A.J.3
  • 71
    • 0034970031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, controlled trial of methotrexate versus placebo in early diffuse scleroderma
    • Pope JE, Bellamy N, Seibold JR, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of methotrexate versus placebo in early diffuse scleroderma. Arthritis Rheum 2001; 44 (6): 1351-8
    • (2001) Arthritis Rheum , vol.44 , Issue.6 , pp. 1351-1358
    • Pope, J.E.1    Bellamy, N.2    Seibold, J.R.3
  • 72
    • 0036188227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methotrexate for the treatment of early diffuse scleroderma: Comment on the article by Pope, et al.
    • Lehman TJ. Methotrexate for the treatment of early diffuse scleroderma: comment on the article by Pope, et al. [letter]. Arthritis Rheum 2002; 46 (3): 845
    • (2002) Arthritis Rheum , vol.46 , Issue.3 , pp. 845
    • Lehman, T.J.1
  • 73
    • 4243640362 scopus 로고
    • Is methotrexate a new perspective in the treatment of juvenile progressive systemic sclerosis
    • Foeldvari I, Lehman TJ. Is methotrexate a new perspective in the treatment of juvenile progressive systemic sclerosis [abstract]. Arthritis Rheum 1993; 36: S218
    • (1993) Arthritis Rheum , vol.36
    • Foeldvari, I.1    Lehman, T.J.2
  • 74
    • 0036838995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scleroderma in children
    • Foeldvari I. Scleroderma in children. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2002; 14 (6): 699-703
    • (2002) Curr Opin Rheumatol , vol.14 , Issue.6 , pp. 699-703
    • Foeldvari, I.1
  • 75
    • 0025307751 scopus 로고
    • Soluble interleukin-2 receptors in patients with systemic sclerosis: Clinical and laboratory correlations
    • Degiannis D, Seibold JR, Czarnecki M, et al. Soluble interleukin-2 receptors in patients with systemic sclerosis: clinical and laboratory correlations. Arthritis Rheum 1990; 33 (3): 375-80
    • (1990) Arthritis Rheum , vol.33 , Issue.3 , pp. 375-380
    • Degiannis, D.1    Seibold, J.R.2    Czarnecki, M.3
  • 76
    • 0026601232 scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-1, interleukin-2, interleukin-4, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon-gamma levels in sera from patients with scleroderma
    • Needleman BW, Wigley FM, Stair RW. Interleukin-1, interleukin-2, interleukin-4, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon-gamma levels in sera from patients with scleroderma. Arthritis Rheum 1992; 35 (1): 67-72
    • (1992) Arthritis Rheum , vol.35 , Issue.1 , pp. 67-72
    • Needleman, B.W.1    Wigley, F.M.2    Stair, R.W.3
  • 77
    • 0027403879 scopus 로고
    • Cyclosporine in systemic sclerosis: Results of a forty-eight-week open safety study in ten patients
    • Clements PJ, Lachenbruch PA, Sterz M, et al. Cyclosporine in systemic sclerosis: results of a forty-eight-week open safety study in ten patients. Arthritis Rheum 1993; 36 (1): 75-83
    • (1993) Arthritis Rheum , vol.36 , Issue.1 , pp. 75-83
    • Clements, P.J.1    Lachenbruch, P.A.2    Sterz, M.3
  • 78
    • 0035681336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term treatment of patients affected by systemic sclerosis with cyclosporin A
    • Oxford
    • Filaci G, Cutolo M, Basso M, et al. Long-term treatment of patients affected by systemic sclerosis with cyclosporin A. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2001; 40 (12): 1431-2
    • (2001) Rheumatology , vol.40 , Issue.12 , pp. 1431-1432
    • Filaci, G.1    Cutolo, M.2    Basso, M.3
  • 79
    • 0024465792 scopus 로고
    • Normotensive renal failure in systemic sclerosis
    • Helfrich DJ, Banner B, Steen VD, et al. Normotensive renal failure in systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum 1989; 32 (9): 1128-34
    • (1989) Arthritis Rheum , vol.32 , Issue.9 , pp. 1128-1134
    • Helfrich, D.J.1    Banner, B.2    Steen, V.D.3
  • 80
    • 0031684342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case-control study of corticosteroids and other drugs that either precipitate or protect from the development of scleroderma renal crisis
    • Steen VD, Medsger Jr TA. Case-control study of corticosteroids and other drugs that either precipitate or protect from the development of scleroderma renal crisis. Arthritis Rheum 1998; 41 (9): 1613-9
    • (1998) Arthritis Rheum , vol.41 , Issue.9 , pp. 1613-1619
    • Steen, V.D.1    Medsger Jr., T.A.2
  • 81
    • 0036839502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting mediators of vascular injury in scleroderma
    • Schachna L, Wigley FM. Targeting mediators of vascular injury in scleroderma. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2002; 14 (6): 686-93
    • (2002) Curr Opin Rheumatol , vol.14 , Issue.6 , pp. 686-693
    • Schachna, L.1    Wigley, F.M.2
  • 82
    • 0020957847 scopus 로고
    • Controlled double-blind trial of nifedipine in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon
    • Rodeheffer RJ, Rommer JA, Wigley F, et al. Controlled double-blind trial of nifedipine in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon. N Engl J Med 1983; 308 (15): 880-3
    • (1983) N Engl J Med , vol.308 , Issue.15 , pp. 880-883
    • Rodeheffer, R.J.1    Rommer, J.A.2    Wigley, F.3
  • 83
    • 0033511724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Losartan therapy for Raynaud's phenomenon and scleroderma: Clinical and biochemical findings in a fifteen-week, randomized, parallel-group, controlled trial
    • Dziadzio M, Denton CP, Smith R, et al. Losartan therapy for Raynaud's phenomenon and scleroderma: clinical and biochemical findings in a fifteen-week, randomized, parallel-group, controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum 1999; 42 (12): 2646-55
    • (1999) Arthritis Rheum , vol.42 , Issue.12 , pp. 2646-2655
    • Dziadzio, M.1    Denton, C.P.2    Smith, R.3
  • 84
    • 0034953832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iloprost suppresses connective tissue growth factor production in fibroblasts and in the skin of scleroderma patients
    • Stratton R, Shiwen X, Martini G, et al. Iloprost suppresses connective tissue growth factor production in fibroblasts and in the skin of scleroderma patients. J Clin Invest 2001; 108 (2): 241-50
    • (2001) J Clin Invest , vol.108 , Issue.2 , pp. 241-250
    • Stratton, R.1    Shiwen, X.2    Martini, G.3
  • 85
    • 0026722410 scopus 로고
    • Intravenous iloprost treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon and ischemic ulcers secondary to systemic sclerosis
    • Wigley FM, Seibold JR, Wise RA, et al. Intravenous iloprost treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon and ischemic ulcers secondary to systemic sclerosis. J Rheumatol 1992; 19 (9): 1407-14
    • (1992) J Rheumatol , vol.19 , Issue.9 , pp. 1407-1414
    • Wigley, F.M.1    Seibold, J.R.2    Wise, R.A.3
  • 86
    • 0034837756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of long-term cyclic iloprost therapy in systemic sclerosis with Raynaud's phenomenon: A randomized, controlled study
    • Scorza R, Caronni M, Mascagni B, et al. Effects of long-term cyclic iloprost therapy in systemic sclerosis with Raynaud's phenomenon: a randomized, controlled study. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2001; 19 (5): 503-8
    • (2001) Clin Exp Rheumatol , vol.19 , Issue.5 , pp. 503-508
    • Scorza, R.1    Caronni, M.2    Mascagni, B.3
  • 87
    • 0034691244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclophosphamide is associated with pulmonary function and survival benefit in patients with scleroderma and alveolitis
    • White B, Moore WC, Wigley FM, et al. Cyclophosphamide is associated with pulmonary function and survival benefit in patients with scleroderma and alveolitis. Ann Intern Med 2000; 132 (12): 947-54
    • (2000) Ann Intern Med , vol.132 , Issue.12 , pp. 947-954
    • White, B.1    Moore, W.C.2    Wigley, F.M.3
  • 88
    • 0031789970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclophosphamide therapy for scleroderma
    • Akesson A. Cyclophosphamide therapy for scleroderma. Curr Opin Rheumatol 1998; 10 (6): 579-83
    • (1998) Curr Opin Rheumatol , vol.10 , Issue.6 , pp. 579-583
    • Akesson, A.1
  • 89
    • 0028054192 scopus 로고
    • Therapy for severe interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis: A retrospective study
    • Steen VD, Lanz Jr JK, Conte C, et al. Therapy for severe interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis: a retrospective study. Arthritis Rheum 1994; 37 (9): 1290-6
    • (1994) Arthritis Rheum , vol.37 , Issue.9 , pp. 1290-1296
    • Steen, V.D.1    Lanz Jr., J.K.2    Conte, C.3
  • 90
    • 0036225585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclophosphamide pulse regimen in the treatment of alveolitis in systemic sclerosis
    • Giacomelli R, Valentini G, Salsano F, et al. Cyclophosphamide pulse regimen in the treatment of alveolitis in systemic sclerosis. J Rheumatol 2002; 29 (4): 731-6
    • (2002) J Rheumatol , vol.29 , Issue.4 , pp. 731-736
    • Giacomelli, R.1    Valentini, G.2    Salsano, F.3
  • 91
    • 0036160937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclophosphamide with low or high dose prednisolone for systemic sclerosis lung disease
    • Pakas I, Ioannidis JP, Malagari K, et al. Cyclophosphamide with low or high dose prednisolone for systemic sclerosis lung disease. J Rheumatol 2002; 29 (2): 298-304
    • (2002) J Rheumatol , vol.29 , Issue.2 , pp. 298-304
    • Pakas, I.1    Ioannidis, J.P.2    Malagari, K.3
  • 92
    • 17144452827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous intravenous epoprostenol for pulmonary hypertension due to the scleroderma spectrum of disease: A randomized, controlled trial
    • Badesch DB, Tapson VF, McGoon MD, et al. Continuous intravenous epoprostenol for pulmonary hypertension due to the scleroderma spectrum of disease: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 2000; 132 (6): 425-34
    • (2000) Ann Intern Med , vol.132 , Issue.6 , pp. 425-434
    • Badesch, D.B.1    Tapson, V.F.2    McGoon, M.D.3
  • 93
    • 0037086133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous subcutaneous infusion of treprostinil, a prostacyclin analogue, in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
    • Simonneau G, Barst RJ, Galie N, et al. Continuous subcutaneous infusion of treprostinil, a prostacyclin analogue, in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 165 (6): 800-4
    • (2002) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.165 , Issue.6 , pp. 800-804
    • Simonneau, G.1    Barst, R.J.2    Galie, N.3
  • 94
    • 0035818316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of the dual endothelin-receptor antagonist bosentan in patients with pulmonary hypertension: A randomised placebo-controlled study
    • Channick RN, Simonneau G, Sitbon O, et al. Effects of the dual endothelin-receptor antagonist bosentan in patients with pulmonary hypertension: a randomised placebo-controlled study. Lancet 2001; 358 (9288): 1119-23
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.358 , Issue.9288 , pp. 1119-1123
    • Channick, R.N.1    Simonneau, G.2    Sitbon, O.3
  • 95
    • 0037149718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bosentan therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension
    • Rubin LJ, Badesch DB, Barst RJ, et al. Bosentan therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. N Engl J Med 2002; 346 (12): 896-903
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.346 , Issue.12 , pp. 896-903
    • Rubin, L.J.1    Badesch, D.B.2    Barst, R.J.3
  • 96
    • 0024311204 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of oesophagitis in scleroderma with omeprazole
    • Olive A, Maddison PJ, Davis M. Treatment of oesophagitis in scleroderma with omeprazole [letter]. Br J Rheumatol 1989; 28 (6): 553
    • (1989) Br J Rheumatol , vol.28 , Issue.6 , pp. 553
    • Olive, A.1    Maddison, P.J.2    Davis, M.3
  • 97
    • 0027994744 scopus 로고
    • Gastrointestinal motility disorders in scleroderma
    • Sjogren RW. Gastrointestinal motility disorders in scleroderma. Arthritis Rheum 1994; 37 (9): 1265-82
    • (1994) Arthritis Rheum , vol.37 , Issue.9 , pp. 1265-1282
    • Sjogren, R.W.1
  • 98
    • 0025911573 scopus 로고
    • The effect of cisapride on gastrooesophageal dysfunction in systemic sclerosis: A controlled manometric study
    • Kahan A, Chaussade S, Gaudric M, et al. The effect of cisapride on gastrooesophageal dysfunction in systemic sclerosis: a controlled manometric study. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1991; 31 (6): 683-7
    • (1991) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.31 , Issue.6 , pp. 683-687
    • Kahan, A.1    Chaussade, S.2    Gaudric, M.3
  • 99
    • 0030817839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of various prokinetic drugs on gastrointestinal transit times in patients with progressive systemic scleroderma
    • Folwaczny C, Laritz M, Meurer M, et al. Effects of various prokinetic drugs on gastrointestinal transit times in patients with progressive systemic scleroderma. Z Gastroenterol 1997; 35 (10): 905-12
    • (1997) Z Gastroenterol , vol.35 , Issue.10 , pp. 905-912
    • Folwaczny, C.1    Laritz, M.2    Meurer, M.3
  • 100
    • 0036201453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of cisapride on oesophageal transit of solids in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis
    • Wang SJ, La JL, Chen DY, et al. Effects of cisapride on oesophageal transit of solids in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis. Clin Rheumatol 2002; 21 (1): 43-5
    • (2002) Clin Rheumatol , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 43-45
    • Wang, S.J.1    La, J.L.2    Chen, D.Y.3
  • 101
    • 0027521649 scopus 로고
    • Response to octreotide of intestinal pseudoobstruction and pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis associated with progressive systemic sclerosis
    • Kobayashi T, Kobayashi M, Naka M, et al. Response to octreotide of intestinal pseudoobstruction and pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis associated with progressive systemic sclerosis. Intern Med 1993; 32 (7): 607-9
    • (1993) Intern Med , vol.32 , Issue.7 , pp. 607-609
    • Kobayashi, T.1    Kobayashi, M.2    Naka, M.3
  • 102
    • 0014019529 scopus 로고
    • Malabsorption in intestinal scleroderma: Correction by antibiotics
    • Kahn IJ, Jeffries GH, Sleisenger MH. Malabsorption in intestinal scleroderma: correction by antibiotics. N Engl J Med 1966; 274 (24): 1339-44
    • (1966) N Engl J Med , vol.274 , Issue.24 , pp. 1339-1344
    • Kahn, I.J.1    Jeffries, G.H.2    Sleisenger, M.H.3
  • 103
    • 0028969195 scopus 로고
    • Small bowel bacterial overgrowth in systemic sclerosis: Detection using direct and indirect methods and treatment outcome
    • Kaye SA, Lim SG, Taylor M, et al. Small bowel bacterial overgrowth in systemic sclerosis: detection using direct and indirect methods and treatment outcome. Br J Rheumatol 1995; 34 (3): 265-9
    • (1995) Br J Rheumatol , vol.34 , Issue.3 , pp. 265-269
    • Kaye, S.A.1    Lim, S.G.2    Taylor, M.3
  • 104
    • 0022446093 scopus 로고
    • Nifedipine and thallium-201 myocardial perfusion in progressive systemic sclerosis
    • Kahan A, Devaux JY, Amor B, et al. Nifedipine and thallium-201 myocardial perfusion in progressive systemic sclerosis. N Engl J Med 1986; 314 (22): 1397-402
    • (1986) N Engl J Med , vol.314 , Issue.22 , pp. 1397-1402
    • Kahan, A.1    Devaux, J.Y.2    Amor, B.3
  • 105
    • 0027230553 scopus 로고
    • Thalidomide exerts its inhibitory action on tumor necrosis factor alpha by enhancing mRNA degradation
    • Moreira AL, Sampaio EP, Zmuidzinas A, et al. Thalidomide exerts its inhibitory action on tumor necrosis factor alpha by enhancing mRNA degradation. J Exp Med 1993; 177 (6): 1675-80
    • (1993) J Exp Med , vol.177 , Issue.6 , pp. 1675-1680
    • Moreira, A.L.1    Sampaio, E.P.2    Zmuidzinas, A.3
  • 106
    • 0033769659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune stimulation in scleroderma patients treated with thalidomide
    • Oliver SJ, Moreira A, Kaplan G. Immune stimulation in scleroderma patients treated with thalidomide. Clin Immunol 2000; 97 (2): 109-20
    • (2000) Clin Immunol , vol.97 , Issue.2 , pp. 109-120
    • Oliver, S.J.1    Moreira, A.2    Kaplan, G.3
  • 107
    • 0032212219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful use of extracorporeal photochemotherapy in the treatment of severe acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease
    • Greinix HT, Volc-Platzer B, Rabitsch W, et al. Successful use of extracorporeal photochemotherapy in the treatment of severe acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease. Blood 1998; 92 (9): 3098-104
    • (1998) Blood , vol.92 , Issue.9 , pp. 3098-3104
    • Greinix, H.T.1    Volc-Platzer, B.2    Rabitsch, W.3
  • 108
    • 0035486712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Juvenile systemic scleroderma
    • Martini A. Juvenile systemic scleroderma. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2001; 3 (5): 387-90
    • (2001) Curr Rheumatol Rep , vol.3 , Issue.5 , pp. 387-390
    • Martini, A.1
  • 109
    • 0036228253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stem cell transplantation for autoimmune disease: Progress and problems
    • Furst DE. Stem cell transplantation for autoimmune disease: progress and problems. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2002; 14 (3): 220-4
    • (2002) Curr Opin Rheumatol , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 220-224
    • Furst, D.E.1
  • 110
    • 0035017415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase I/II trial of autologous stem cell transplantation in systemic sclerosis: Procedure related mortality and impact on skin disease
    • Binks M, Passweg JR, Furst D, et al. Phase I/II trial of autologous stem cell transplantation in systemic sclerosis: procedure related mortality and impact on skin disease. Ann Rheum Dis 2001; 60 (6): 577-84
    • (2001) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.60 , Issue.6 , pp. 577-584
    • Binks, M.1    Passweg, J.R.2    Furst, D.3
  • 111
    • 0036838896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytokine directed therapy in scleroderma: Rationale, current status, the future
    • Simms RW, Korn JH. Cytokine directed therapy in scleroderma: rationale, current status, the future. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2002; 14 (6): 717-22
    • (2002) Curr Opin Rheumatol , vol.14 , Issue.6 , pp. 717-722
    • Simms, R.W.1    Korn, J.H.2
  • 112
    • 0033571072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-TGF-beta treatment prevents skin and lung fibrosis in murine sclerodermatous graft-versus-host disease: A model for human scleroderma
    • McCormick LL, Zhang Y, Tootell E, et al. Anti-TGF-beta treatment prevents skin and lung fibrosis in murine sclerodermatous graft-versus-host disease: a model for human scleroderma. J Immunol 1999; 163 (10): 5693-9
    • (1999) J Immunol , vol.163 , Issue.10 , pp. 5693-5699
    • McCormick, L.L.1    Zhang, Y.2    Tootell, E.3
  • 113
    • 0033017344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-sclerotic effect of transforming growth factor-beta antibody in a mouse model of bleomycin-induced scleroderma
    • Yamamoto T, Takagawa S, Katayama I, et al. Anti-sclerotic effect of transforming growth factor-beta antibody in a mouse model of bleomycin-induced scleroderma. Clin Immunol 1999; 92 (1): 6-13
    • (1999) Clin Immunol , vol.92 , Issue.1 , pp. 6-13
    • Yamamoto, T.1    Takagawa, S.2    Katayama, I.3
  • 114
    • 0029996247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Connective tissue growth factor gene expression in tissue sections from localized scleroderma, keloid, other fibrotic skin disorders
    • Igarashi A, Nashiro K, Kikuchi K, et al. Connective tissue growth factor gene expression in tissue sections from localized scleroderma, keloid, other fibrotic skin disorders. J Invest Dermatol 1996; 106 (4): 729-33
    • (1996) J Invest Dermatol , vol.106 , Issue.4 , pp. 729-733
    • Igarashi, A.1    Nashiro, K.2    Kikuchi, K.3
  • 115
    • 0033802165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Connective tissue growth factor: Potential role in glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis
    • Gupta S, Clarkson MR, Duggan J, et al. Connective tissue growth factor: potential role in glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Kidney Int 2000; 58 (4): 1389-99
    • (2000) Kidney Int , vol.58 , Issue.4 , pp. 1389-1399
    • Gupta, S.1    Clarkson, M.R.2    Duggan, J.3
  • 116
    • 0035149215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overexpression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in systemic sclerosis: Role of platelet-derived growth factor and effects on monocyte chemotaxis and collagen synthesis
    • Distler O, Pap T, Kowal-Bielecka O, et al. Overexpression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in systemic sclerosis: role of platelet-derived growth factor and effects on monocyte chemotaxis and collagen synthesis. Arthritis Rheum 2001; 44 (11): 2665-78
    • (2001) Arthritis Rheum , vol.44 , Issue.11 , pp. 2665-2678
    • Distler, O.1    Pap, T.2    Kowal-Bielecka, O.3
  • 117
    • 0031712891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-IL-4 treatment prevents dermal collagen deposition in the tight-skin mouse model of scleroderma
    • Ong C, Wong C, Roberts CR, et al. Anti-IL-4 treatment prevents dermal collagen deposition in the tight-skin mouse model of scleroderma. Eur J Immunol 1998; 28 (9): 2619-29
    • (1998) Eur J Immunol , vol.28 , Issue.9 , pp. 2619-2629
    • Ong, C.1    Wong, C.2    Roberts, C.R.3
  • 118
    • 0037133611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disrupting the IL-4 gene rescues mice homozygous for the tight-skin mutation from embryonic death and diminishes TGF-beta production by fibroblasts
    • U S A
    • Kodera T, McGaha TL, Phelps R, et al. Disrupting the IL-4 gene rescues mice homozygous for the tight-skin mutation from embryonic death and diminishes TGF-beta production by fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99 (6): 3800-5
    • (2002) Proc Natl Acad Sci , vol.99 , Issue.6 , pp. 3800-3805
    • Kodera, T.1    McGaha, T.L.2    Phelps, R.3
  • 119
    • 0031019554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of morphea (localized scleroderma) in Olmsted County 1960-1993
    • Peterson LS, Nelson AM, Su WP, et al. The epidemiology of morphea (localized scleroderma) in Olmsted County 1960-1993. J Rheumatol 1997; 24 (1): 73-80
    • (1997) J Rheumatol , vol.24 , Issue.1 , pp. 73-80
    • Peterson, L.S.1    Nelson, A.M.2    Su, W.P.3
  • 120
    • 0036697231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scleroderma in children and adolescents
    • Murray KJ, Laxer RM. Scleroderma in children and adolescents. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2002; 28 (3): 603-24
    • (2002) Rheum Dis Clin North Am , vol.28 , Issue.3 , pp. 603-624
    • Murray, K.J.1    Laxer, R.M.2
  • 122
    • 0021063052 scopus 로고
    • Collagen synthesis in generalized morphea
    • Krieg T, Braun-Falco O, Perlish JS, et al. Collagen synthesis in generalized morphea. Arch Dermatol Res 1983; 275 (6): 393-6
    • (1983) Arch Dermatol Res , vol.275 , Issue.6 , pp. 393-396
    • Krieg, T.1    Braun-Falco, O.2    Perlish, J.S.3
  • 123
    • 0344193114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histopathologic differentiation between localized and systemic scleroderma
    • Torres JE, Sanchez JL. Histopathologic differentiation between localized and systemic scleroderma. Am J Dermatopathol 1998; 20 (3): 242-5
    • (1998) Am J Dermatopathol , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 242-245
    • Torres, J.E.1    Sanchez, J.L.2
  • 124
    • 0028282530 scopus 로고
    • Serum levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor: A marker of disease activity in localized scleroderma
    • Uziel Y, Krafchik BR, Feldman B, et al. Serum levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor: a marker of disease activity in localized scleroderma. Arthritis Rheum 1994; 37 (6): 898-901
    • (1994) Arthritis Rheum , vol.37 , Issue.6 , pp. 898-901
    • Uziel, Y.1    Krafchik, B.R.2    Feldman, B.3
  • 125
    • 0028937326 scopus 로고
    • Demonstration of interleukin-2, interleukin-4 and interleukin-6 in sera from patients with localized scleroderma
    • Ihn H, Sato S, Fujimoto M, et al. Demonstration of interleukin-2, interleukin-4 and interleukin-6 in sera from patients with localized scleroderma. Arch Dermatol Res 1995; 287 (2): 193-7
    • (1995) Arch Dermatol Res , vol.287 , Issue.2 , pp. 193-197
    • Ihn, H.1    Sato, S.2    Fujimoto, M.3
  • 126
    • 0035079964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Up-regulated expression of transforming growth factor beta receptors in dermal fibroblasts in skin sections from patients with localized scleroderma
    • Kubo M, Ihn H, Yamane K, et al. Up-regulated expression of transforming growth factor beta receptors in dermal fibroblasts in skin sections from patients with localized scleroderma. Arthritis Rheum 2001; 44 (3): 731-4
    • (2001) Arthritis Rheum , vol.44 , Issue.3 , pp. 731-734
    • Kubo, M.1    Ihn, H.2    Yamane, K.3
  • 127
    • 0028844621 scopus 로고
    • Antinuclear antibodies in children with localized scleroderma
    • Rosenberg AM, Uziel Y, Krafchik BR, et al. Antinuclear antibodies in children with localized scleroderma. J Rheumatol 1995; 22 (12): 2337-43
    • (1995) J Rheumatol , vol.22 , Issue.12 , pp. 2337-2343
    • Rosenberg, A.M.1    Uziel, Y.2    Krafchik, B.R.3
  • 128
    • 0027198064 scopus 로고
    • Antihistone antibodies in patients with localized scleroderma
    • Sato S, Ihn H, Soma Y, et al. Antihistone antibodies in patients with localized scleroderma. Arthritis Rheum 1993; 36 (8): 1137-41
    • (1993) Arthritis Rheum , vol.36 , Issue.8 , pp. 1137-1141
    • Sato, S.1    Ihn, H.2    Soma, Y.3
  • 129
    • 0021963430 scopus 로고
    • High titers of antibodies to single-stranded DNA in linear scleroderma
    • Falanga V, Medsger TA, Reichlin M. High titers of antibodies to single-stranded DNA in linear scleroderma. Arch Dermatol 1985; 121 (3): 345-7
    • (1985) Arch Dermatol , vol.121 , Issue.3 , pp. 345-347
    • Falanga, V.1    Medsger, T.A.2    Reichlin, M.3
  • 130
    • 0023154689 scopus 로고
    • Antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi and localised scleroderma
    • Hansen K, Serup J, Hoybye S. Antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi and localised scleroderma [letter]. Lancet 1987; I (8534): 682
    • (1987) Lancet , vol.1 , Issue.8534 , pp. 682
    • Hansen, K.1    Serup, J.2    Hoybye, S.3
  • 131
    • 0033389598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A case of generalized morphea with a high titer of anti-Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies
    • Nakashima T, Maeda M, Hayashi T, et al. A case of generalized morphea with a high titer of anti-Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies. J Dermatol 1999; 26 (12): 821-4
    • (1999) J Dermatol , vol.26 , Issue.12 , pp. 821-824
    • Nakashima, T.1    Maeda, M.2    Hayashi, T.3
  • 132
    • 0034015372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for Borrelia burgdorferi in morphea and lichen sclerosus
    • Ozkan S, Atabey N, Fetil E, et al. Evidence for Borrelia burgdorferi in morphea and lichen sclerosus. Int J Dermatol 2000; 39 (4): 278-83
    • (2000) Int J Dermatol , vol.39 , Issue.4 , pp. 278-283
    • Ozkan, S.1    Atabey, N.2    Fetil, E.3
  • 133
    • 0033753510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphoea is neither associated with features of Borrelia burgdorferi infection, nor is this agent detectable in lesional skin by polymerase chain reaction
    • Weide B, Schittek B, Klyscz T, et al. Morphoea is neither associated with features of Borrelia burgdorferi infection, nor is this agent detectable in lesional skin by polymerase chain reaction. Br J Dermatol 2000; 143 (4): 780-5
    • (2000) Br J Dermatol , vol.143 , Issue.4 , pp. 780-785
    • Weide, B.1    Schittek, B.2    Klyscz, T.3
  • 134
    • 0029024045 scopus 로고
    • Borrelia burgdorferi DNA is undetectable by polymerase chain reaction in skin lesions of morphea, scleroderma, or lichen sclerosus et atrophicus of patients from North America
    • Dillon WI, Saed GM, Fivenson DP. Borrelia burgdorferi DNA is undetectable by polymerase chain reaction in skin lesions of morphea, scleroderma, or lichen sclerosus et atrophicus of patients from North America. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995; 33 (4): 617-20
    • (1995) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.33 , Issue.4 , pp. 617-620
    • Dillon, W.I.1    Saed, G.M.2    Fivenson, D.P.3
  • 135
    • 0033927514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methotrexate and corticosteroid therapy for pediatric localized scleroderma
    • Uziel Y, Feldman BM, Krafchik BR, et al. Methotrexate and corticosteroid therapy for pediatric localized scleroderma. J Pediatr 2000; 136 (1): 91-5
    • (2000) J Pediatr , vol.136 , Issue.1 , pp. 91-95
    • Uziel, Y.1    Feldman, B.M.2    Krafchik, B.R.3
  • 136
    • 0041847003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Localized scleroderma
    • Clements PJ, Furst DE, editors. Baltimore (MD): Williams and Wilkins
    • Guitart J, Greenberg M, Solomon LM. Localized scleroderma. In: Clements PJ, Furst DE, editors. Systemic sclerosis. Baltimore (MD): Williams and Wilkins, 1996: 65-79
    • (1996) Systemic Sclerosis , pp. 65-79
    • Guitart, J.1    Greenberg, M.2    Solomon, L.M.3
  • 137
    • 0346158416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical tacrolimus in the treatment of localized scleroderma
    • Mancuso G, Berdondini RM. Topical tacrolimus in the treatment of localized scleroderma. Eur J Dermatol 2003; 13 (6): 590-2
    • (2003) Eur J Dermatol , vol.13 , Issue.6 , pp. 590-592
    • Mancuso, G.1    Berdondini, R.M.2
  • 138
    • 0030511824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic and localized scleroderma in children
    • Lehman TJ. Systemic and localized scleroderma in children. Curr Opin Rheumatol 1996; 8 (6): 576-9
    • (1996) Curr Opin Rheumatol , vol.8 , Issue.6 , pp. 576-579
    • Lehman, T.J.1
  • 139
    • 0031950515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progressive linear scleroderma and morphea in a child
    • Foeldvari I. Progressive linear scleroderma and morphea in a child. J Pediatr 1998; 133 (2): 308
    • (1998) J Pediatr , vol.133 , Issue.2 , pp. 308
    • Foeldvari, I.1
  • 140
    • 0031817295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-dose methotrexate in the treatment of widespread morphea
    • Seyger MM, van den Hoogen FH, de Boo T, et al. Low-dose methotrexate in the treatment of widespread morphea. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998; 39 (2 Pt 1): 220-5
    • (1998) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.39 , Issue.2 PART 1 , pp. 220-225
    • Seyger, M.M.1    Van Den Hoogen, F.H.2    De Boo, T.3
  • 141
    • 0036838771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phototherapy for scleroderma: Biologic rationale, results, promise
    • Fisher GJ, Kang S. Phototherapy for scleroderma: biologic rationale, results, promise. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2002; 14 (6): 723-6
    • (2002) Curr Opin Rheumatol , vol.14 , Issue.6 , pp. 723-726
    • Fisher, G.J.1    Kang, S.2
  • 142
    • 0028872026 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of localised scleroderma by UVA1 phototherapy
    • Kerscher M, Dirschka T, Volkenandt M. Treatment of localised scleroderma by UVA1 phototherapy [letter]. Lancet 1995; 346 (8983): 1166
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.346 , Issue.8983 , pp. 1166
    • Kerscher, M.1    Dirschka, T.2    Volkenandt, M.3
  • 144
    • 0031936270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-dose UVA phototherapy for treatment of localized scleroderma
    • Kerscher M, Volkenandt M, Gruss C, et al. Low-dose UVA phototherapy for treatment of localized scleroderma. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998; 38 (1): 21-6
    • (1998) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.38 , Issue.1 , pp. 21-26
    • Kerscher, M.1    Volkenandt, M.2    Gruss, C.3
  • 145
    • 0031155432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-dose UVA1 radiation therapy for localized scleroderma
    • Stege H, Berneburg M, Humke S, et al. High-dose UVA1 radiation therapy for localized scleroderma. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997; 36 (6 Pt 1): 938-44
    • (1997) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.36 , Issue.6 PART 1 , pp. 938-944
    • Stege, H.1    Berneburg, M.2    Humke, S.3
  • 146
    • 0029005520 scopus 로고
    • PUVA therapy in disabling pansclerotic morphoea of children
    • Scharffetter-Kochanek K, Goldermann R, Lehmann P, et al. PUVA therapy in disabling pansclerotic morphoea of children. Br J Dermatol 1995; 132 (5): 830-1
    • (1995) Br J Dermatol , vol.132 , Issue.5 , pp. 830-831
    • Scharffetter-Kochanek, K.1    Goldermann, R.2    Lehmann, P.3
  • 147
    • 0034970476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined treatment with calcipotriol ointment and low-dose ultraviolet A1 phototherapy in childhood morphea
    • Kreuter A, Gambichler T, Avermaete A, et al. Combined treatment with calcipotriol ointment and low-dose ultraviolet A1 phototherapy in childhood morphea. Pediatr Dermatol 2001; 18 (3): 241-5
    • (2001) Pediatr Dermatol , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 241-245
    • Kreuter, A.1    Gambichler, T.2    Avermaete, A.3
  • 148
    • 0027939236 scopus 로고
    • Oral calcitriol as a new therapeutic modality for generalized morphea
    • Hulshof MM, Pavel S, Breedveld FC, et al. Oral calcitriol as a new therapeutic modality for generalized morphea. Arch Dermatol 1994; 130 (10): 1290-3
    • (1994) Arch Dermatol , vol.130 , Issue.10 , pp. 1290-1293
    • Hulshof, M.M.1    Pavel, S.2    Breedveld, F.C.3
  • 149
    • 0033669756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double-blind, placebocontrolled study of oral calcitriol for the treatment of localized and systemic scleroderma
    • Hulshof MM, Bouwes Bavinck JN, Bergman W, et al. Double-blind, placebocontrolled study of oral calcitriol for the treatment of localized and systemic scleroderma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000; 43 (6): 1017-23
    • (2000) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.43 , Issue.6 , pp. 1017-1023
    • Hulshof, M.M.1    Bouwes Bavinck, J.N.2    Bergman, W.3
  • 150
    • 0033065585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of linear scleroderma with oral 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol) in seven children
    • Elst EF, Van Suijlekom-Smit LW, Oranje AP. Treatment of linear scleroderma with oral 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol) in seven children. Pediatr Dermatol 1999; 16 (1): 53-8
    • (1999) Pediatr Dermatol , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 53-58
    • Elst, E.F.1    Van Suijlekom-Smit, L.W.2    Oranje, A.P.3
  • 152
    • 0015934329 scopus 로고
    • D(-)penicillamine in morphoea (localised scleroderma)
    • Moynahan EJ. D(-)penicillamine in morphoea (localised scleroderma). Lancet 1973; I (7800): 428-9
    • (1973) Lancet , vol.1 , Issue.7800 , pp. 428-429
    • Moynahan, E.J.1
  • 153
    • 0016211665 scopus 로고
    • Penicillamine in the treatment of morphoea and keloid in children
    • Moynahan EJ. Penicillamine in the treatment of morphoea and keloid in children. Postgrad Med J 1974; 50 Suppl. 2: 39-41
    • (1974) Postgrad Med J , vol.50 , Issue.2 SUPPL. , pp. 39-41
    • Moynahan, E.J.1
  • 154
    • 0025219212 scopus 로고
    • D-penicillamine in the treatment of localized scleroderma
    • Falanga V, Medsger Jr TA. D-penicillamine in the treatment of localized scleroderma. Arch Dermatol 1990; 126 (5): 609-12
    • (1990) Arch Dermatol , vol.126 , Issue.5 , pp. 609-612
    • Falanga, V.1    Medsger Jr., T.A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.