Does Haber's Law apply to human sensory irritation?

Inhalation Toxicology

Volumn 18, Issue 7, 2006, Pages 457-471

  Shusterman, Dennis ^a   Matovinovic, Elizabeth ^b,d   Salmon, Andrew ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY   (United States)

^d Loka Medical Writing   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALKENE DERIVATIVE; AMMONIA; CALCIUM OXIDE; CHLORINE; FORMALDEHYDE; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND;

ARTICLE; CONCENTRATION PROCESS; DUST; DUST EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; EYE IRRITATION; HABER LAW; HUMAN; MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS; MATHEMATICAL COMPUTING; MEDICAL LITERATURE; MOLECULAR DYNAMICS; NOSE IRRITATION; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOPHYSICS; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; RISK ASSESSMENT; SENSORY IRRITATION; SENSORY SYSTEM; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; THEORY; THROAT IRRITATION;

ALKENES; AMMONIA; CALCIUM COMPOUNDS; CHLORINE; EYE; FEMALE; FORMALDEHYDE; HUMANS; IRRITANTS; MALE; NOSE; OXIDES; PHARYNX;

EID: 33645759502     PISSN: 08958378     EISSN: 10917691     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/08958370600602322     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Abraham, M. H., Kumarsingh, R., Cometto-Muniz, J. E., and Cain, W. S. 1998. An algorithm for nasal pungency thresholds in man. Arch. Toxicol. 72(4):227-232.
2. Alarie, Y. 1973. Sensory irritation by airborne chemicals. CRC Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 2(3):299-363.
3. Alarie, Y. 1984. Establishing threshold limit values for airborne sensory irritants from an animal model and the mechanisms of action of sensory irritants. In Occupational and industrial hygiene: Concepts and methods, eds. N. A. Esman and M. A. Mehlman, pp. 153-164. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Scientific.
4. Alarie, Y., Schaper, M., Nielsen, G. D., and Abraham, M. H. 1998. Structure-activity relationships of volatile organic chemicals as sensory irritants. Arch. Toxicol. 72(3):125-140.
5. Andersen, I. 1979. Formaldehyde in the indoor environment - Health implications and the setting of standards. In Indoor climate. Proceedings of the first International Indoor climate Symposium; Copenhagen, Aug. 30-Sept. 1, 1978, eds. P. O. Fanger and O. Valbjorn, pp. 65-87. Copenhagen: Danish Building Research Institute.
6. Anglen, D.M. 1981. Sensory response of human subjects to chlorine in air [dissertation]. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan.
7. Atherly, G. 1985. A critical review of time-weighted average as an index of exposure and dose, and of its key elements. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 46:481-487.
8. Bender, J. R., Mullin, L. S., Graepel, G. J., and Wilson, W. E. 1983. Eye irritation response of humans to formaldehyde. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 44(6): 463-465.
9. Berger, D., and Nolte, D. 1979. On nasobronchial reflex in asthmatic patients. Rhinology 17(3): 193-198.
10. Brodeur, J., Vyskocil, A., Tardif, R., Perrault, G., Drolet, D., Truchon, G., and Lemay, F. 2001. Adjustment of permissible exposure values to unusual work schedules. AIHA J. 62(5):584-594.
11. Bruckner, J. V., Keys, D. A., and Fisher, J. W. 2004. The acute exposure guideline level (AEGL) program: Applications of physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 67:621-634.
12. Bryant, B., and Silver, W. L. 2000. Chemesthesis: The common chemical sense. In The neurobiology of taste and smell 2nd ed., eds. T. E. Finger, W. L. Silver, and D. Restropo, pp. 73-100. New York: Wiley-Liss.
13. Cain, W. S., See, L. C., and Tosun, T. 1986. Irritation and odor from formaldehyde: Chamber studies. In Proceedings of IAQ '86: Managing indoor air for health and energy conservation, pp. 126-137. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers.
14. Cain, W. S., Jalowayski, A. A., Kleinman, M., Lee, N. S., Lee, B. R., Ahn, B. H., Magruder, K., Schmidt, R., Hillen, B. K., Warren, C. B., and Culver, B. D. 2004. Sensory and associated reactions to mineral dusts: Sodium borate, calcium oxide, and calcium sulfate. J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 1(4):222-236.
15. Cal/EPA. 1999. Air toxics hot spots program risk assessment guidelines, Part I. The Determination of acute reference exposure levels for airborne toxicants. Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Sacramento, CA, March. Available at http://www.oehha.ca.gov/air/acute_rels/acuterel.html#download
16. Centers for Disease Control. 1991. Discomfort from environmental tobacco smoke among employees at worksites with minimal smoking restrictions - United States, 1988. Morbid, Mortal. Weekly Rep. 41:351-354.
17. Cometto-Muniz, J. E., and Cain, W. S. 1984. Temporal integration of pungency. Chem. Senses 8(4):315-327.
18. Cometto-Muniz, J. E., and Cain, W. S. 1998. Trigeminal and olfactory sensitivity: Comparison of modalities and methods of measurement. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 71(2):105-110.
19. Cometto-Muniz, J. E., Cain, W. S., and Abraham, M. H. 2005a. Determinants for nasal trigeminal detection of volatile organic compounds. Chem. Senses 30(8):627-642.
20. Cometto-Muniz, J. E., Cain, W. S., and Abraham, M. H. 2005b. Molecular restrictions for human eye irritation by chemical vapors. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 207:232-243.
21. Dalton, P. 2001. Evaluating the human response to sensory irritation: Implications for setting occupational exposure limits. AIHA J. 62(6):723-729.
22. Doty, R. L., Cometto-Muniz, J. E., Jalowayski, A. A., Dalton, P., Kendal-Reed, M., and Hodgson, M. 2004. Assessment of upper respiratory tract and ocular irritative effects of volatile chemicals in humans. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 34:85-142.
23. Doull, J., and Rozman, K. K. 2000. Using Haber's law to define the margin of exposure. Toxicology 149(1):1-2.
24. Ferguson, W. S., Koch, W. C., Webster, L. B., and Gould, J. R. 1977. Human physiological response and adaption to ammonia. J. Occup. Med. 19(5):319-326.
25. Fisk, W. J., and Rosenfeld, A. H. 1997. Estimates of improved productivity and health from better indoor environments. Indoor Air 7:158-172.
26. Fisk, W. J., Mendell, M. J., Daisey, J. M., Faulkner, D., Hodgson, A. T., Nematollahi, M., and Macher, J. M. 1993. Phase 1 of the California Health Building Study: A summary. Indoor Air 3:246-254.
27. Frasnelli, J., Lotsch, J., and Hummel, T. 2003. Event-related potentials to intranasal trigeminal stimuli change in relation to stimulus concentration and stimulus duration. J. Clin. Neurophysiol. 20(1):80-86.
28. Gaylor, D. W. 2000. The use of Haber's law in standard setting and risk assessment. Toxicology 149(1):17-19.
29. Gelzleichter, T. R., Witschi, H., and Last, J. A. 1992. Concentration-response relationships of rat lungs to exposure to oxidant air pollutants: A critical test of Haber's Law for ozone and nitrogen dioxide. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 112(1):73-80.
30. Gescheider, G. A. 1985. Psychophysics: Method, theory, and application, pp. 217-226. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
31. Green, D. J., Sauder, L. R., Kulle, T. J., and Bascom, R. 1987. Acute response to 3.0 ppm formaldehyde in exercising healthy nonsmokers and asthmatics. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 135(6):1261-1266.
32. Green, D. J., Bascom, R., Healey, E. M., Hebel, J. R., Sauder, L. R., and Kulle, T. J. 1989. Acute pulmonary response in healthy, nonsmoking adults to inhalation of formaldehyde and carbon. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 28(3): 261-275.
33. Hempel-Jorgensen, A., Kjaergaard, S. K., Molhave, L., and Hudnell, H. K. 1999. Time course of sensory eye irritation in humans exposed to n-1-octene. Arch. Environ. Health 54(2):86-94.
34. Joosting P., and Verberk M. 1975. Emergency population exposure: A methodological approach. In International Symposium on the Recent Advances in the Assessment of the Health Effects of Environmental Pollution, Vol. 4, pp. 2005-2029. Luxembourg: Commission of the European Communities, Directorate General Scientific and Technical Information and Information Management.
35. Julius, D., and Basbaum, A. I. 2001. Molecular mechanisms of nociception. Nature 413(6852):203-210.
36. Keiger, C. J., Case, L. D., Kendal-Reed, M., Jones, K. R., Drake, A. F., and Walker, J. C. 2003. Nicotinic cholinergic receptor expression in the human nasal mucosa. Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. 112(1):77-84.
37. Kharrazi, M., Smith, D. F., Blake, E., Vance, W. A., and Goldman, L. R. 1994. Real-time surveillance of symptoms and odor complaints during the trial excavation of a toxic waste site. In Hazardous waste and public health: International Congress on the Health Effects of Hazardous Waste, pp. 806-814. Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press.
38. Krakowiak, A., Gorski, P., Pazdrak, K., and Ruta, U. 1998. Airway response to formaldehyde inhalation in asthmatic subjects with suspected respiratory formaldehyde sensitization. Am. J. Ind. Med. 33(3):274-281.
39. Kreutzer, R. A., Hewitt, D. J., Sun, R., Draper, W., Mangiamele, D., Goldman, L,. Jackson, R., Smith, D., and Shusterman, D. 1996. A community-based epidemiologic study of acute health effects from a metam-sodium spill on California's Sacramento River. Toxicol. Ind. Health 12:267-275.
40. Kulle, T. J., Sauder, L. R., Hebel, J. R., Green, D. J., and Chatham, M. D. 1987. Formaldehyde dose-response in healthy nonsmokers. J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc. 37:919-924.
41. Lawless, H. T., and Malone, G. J. 1986. A comparison of rating scales: Sensitivity, replicates and relative measurement. J. Sensory Stud. 1:155-174.
42. McLean, J. A., Mathews, K. P., Solomon, W. R., Brayton, P. R., and Bayne, N. K. 1979. Effect of ammonia on nasal resistance in atopic and nonatopic subjects. Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. 88(2 Pt 1):228-234.
43. Mendell, M. J. 1993. Non-specific symptoms in office workers: A review and summary of the epidemiologic literature. Indoor Air 3:227-236.
44. Miller, F. J., Schlosser, P. M., and Janszen, D. B. 2000. Haber's rule: A special case in a family of curves relating concentration and duration of exposure to a fixed level of response for a given endpoint. Toxicology 149(1):21-34.
45. Raphael, G. D., Meredith, S. C., Baraniuk, J. N., and Kaliner, M. A. 1991. Nasal reflexes. In Rhinitis, 2nd ed., ed. G. A. Settipane, pp. 135-142.
46. Rinehart, W. E., and Hatch, T. 1964. Concentration-time product (CT) as an expression of dose in sublethal exposures to phosgene. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 25:545-553.
47. Rozman, K. K. 2000. The role of time in toxicology or Haber's c x t product. Toxicology 149(1):35-42.
48. Sauder, L. R., Chatham, M. D., Green, D. J., and Kulle, T. J. 1986. Acute pulmonary response to formaldehyde exposure in healthy nonsmokers. J. Occup. Med. 28(6):420-424.
49. Sauder, L. R., Green, D. J., Chatham, M. D., and Kulle, T. J. 1987. Acute pulmonary response of asthmatics to 3.0 ppm formaldehyde. Toxicol. Ind. Health 3(4):569-578.
50. Schachter, E. N., Witek, T. J., Jr., Brody, D. J., Tosun, T., Beck, G. J., and Leaderer, B. P. 1987. A study of respiratory effects from exposure to 2.0 ppm formaldehyde in occupationally exposed workers. Environ. Res. 44(2):188-205.
51. Schaper, M. 1993. Development of a database for sensory irritants and its use in establishing occupational exposure limits. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 54(9):488-544.
52. Schins, R. P. F., Emmen, H., Hoogendijk, L., and Borm, P. J. A. 2000. Nasal inflammation and respiratory parameters in human volunteers during and after repeated exposure to chlorine. Eur. Respir. J. 16:626-632.
53. Shusterman, D. 1999. Upper and lower airway sequelae of irritant inhalations. Clin. Pulmon. Med. 6:18-31.
54. Shusterman, D., and Avila, P. C. 2003. Real-time monitoring of nasal mucosal pH during carbon dioxide stimulation: Implications for stimulus dynamics. Chem. Senses 28(7):595-601.
55. Shusterman, D., Lipscomb, J., Neutra, R., and Satin, K. 1991. Symptom prevalence and odor-worry interaction near hazardous waste sites. Environ. Health Perspect. 94:25-30.
56. Shusterman, D., Murphy, M. A., and Balmes, J. 2003. Influence of age, gender, and allergy status on nasal reactivity to inhaled chlorine. Inhal. Toxicol. 15(12):1179-1189.
57. Sim, V. M., and Pattle, R. E. 1957. Effect of possible smog irritants on human subjects. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 165(15):1908-1913.
58. Spehr, J., Spehr, M., Hatt, H., and Wetzel, C. H. 2004. Subunit-specific P2X-receptor expression defines chemosensory properties of trigem-inal neurons. Eur. J. Neurosci. 19:2497-2510.
59. Stevens, S.S. 1957. On the psychophysical law. Psychol. Rev. 64:153-181.
60. Stevens, S.S. 1975. Psychophysics: Introduction to its perceptual, neural, and social prospects. New York: Wiley-Interscience.
61. Tarun, A. S., Bryant, B., Zhai, W., Solomon, C., and Shusterman, D. 2003. Gene expression for carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes in human nasal mucosa. Chem. Senses 28(7):621-629.
62. tenBerge, W. F. 1986. Concentration-time mortality response relationship of irritant and systemically acting vapours and gases. J. Haz. Mater. 13:301-309.
63. +-gated cation channels. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 868:67-76.
64. Widdicombe, J. 1988. Nasal and pharyngeal reflexes: Protective and respiratory functions. In Respiratory function of the upper airway, eds. O. P. Mathew and G, Sant Ambragio, pp. 233-258. New York: Marcel Dekker.
65. Wise, P. M., Radil, T., and Wysocki, C. J. 2004. Temporal integration in nasal lateralization and nasal detection of carbon dioxide. Chem. Senses 29(2):137-142.
66. Wise, P. M., Canty, T. M., and Wysocki, C. J. 2005. Temporal integration of nasal irritation from ammonia at threshold and supra-threshold levels. Toxicol. Sci. 87(1):223-231.
67. Witek, T. J., Jr, Schachter, E. N., Tosun, T., Beck, G. J., and Leaderer, B. P. 1987. An evaluation of respiratory effects following exposure to 2.0 ppm formaldehyde in asthmatics: Lung function, symptoms, and airway reactivity. Arch. Environ. Health 42(4):230-237.
68. Witschi, H. 1999. Some notes on the history of Haber's law. Toxicol. Sci. 50(2):164-168.
69. Zwart, A., and Woutersen, R. A. 1988. Acute inhalation toxicity of chlorine in rats and mice: Time-concentration-mortality relationships and effects on respiration. J. Haz. Mater. 19:195-208.