Diagnosis of tropospheric moisture over Saudi Arabia and influences of IOD and ENSO

Monthly Weather Review

Volumn 134, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 598-617

  Chakraborty, Arun ^a,b,c   Behera, Swadhin K ^d   Mujumdar, Milind ^e   Ohba, Ryohji ^b   Yamagata, Toshio ^a,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO   (Japan)

^b MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES LTD   (Japan)

^c Global Hydrological Project   (Japan)

^d JAPAN AGENCY FOR MARINE EARTH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Japan)

^e INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TROPICAL METEOROLOGY   (India)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE CHANGE; COMPUTER SIMULATION; CORRELATION METHODS; MOISTURE; PRECIPITATION (METEOROLOGY); RAIN; TROPOSPHERE;

BOREAL SUMMER MONSOON SEASON; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; RAINFALL CLIMATOLOGY; TROPOSPHERIC MOISTURE FLUX;

CLIMATOLOGY;

CLIMATOLOGY; EL NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; TROPOSPHERE;

EID: 33645318711     PISSN: 00270644     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/MWR3085.1     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Abdullah, M. A., and M. A. Al-Mazroui, 1998: Climatological study of the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia. I. Rainfall analysis. Climate Res., 9, 213-223.
2. Annamalai, H., J. Slingo, K. R. Sperber, and K. Hodges, 1999: The mean evolution and variability of the Asian summer monsoon: Comparison of ECMWF and NCEP/NCAR analysis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 1157-1186.
3. Ashok, K., Z. Guan, and T. Yamagata, 2001: Impact of the Indian Ocean dipole on the relationship between the Indian monsoon rainfall and ENSO. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 4499-4502.
4. Bazuhair, A. S., A. Algohani, and Z. Sen, 1997: Determination of monthly wet and dry periods in Saudi-Arabia. Int. J. Climatol., 17, 303-311.
5. Behera, S. K., and T. Yamagata, 2003: Influence of the Indian Ocean dipole on the Southern Oscillation. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 81, 169-177.
6. Chakraborty, A., T. Tozuka, T. Miyasaka, M. Mujumdar, S. K. Behera, and T. Yamagata, 2003: Development of the University of Tokyo Community Model (UTCM) for climate system: Preliminary results. Tech. Rep., Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd., 49 pp.
7. Chen, T. C., 1985: Global water vapor flux and maintenance during FGGE. Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 1801-1819.
8. Findlater, J., 1969: A major low-level air current near the Indian Ocean during the northern summer. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 95, 362-380.
9. Guan, Z., S. Iizuka, M. Chiba, S. Yamane, K. Ashok, and T. Yamagata, 2000: Frontier Atmospheric General Circulation Model Version 1.0 (FrAM-1.0): Model climatology. Tech. Rep. FTR-1, Frontier Research for Global Change/JAMSTEC, 27 pp.
10. Guan, Z., K. Ashok, and T. Yamagata, 2003: Summertime response of the tropical atmosphere to the Indian Ocean dipole sea surface temperature anomalies. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 81, 533-561.
11. Joseph, P. V., J. K. Eischeid, and R. J. Pyle, 1994: Interannual variability of the onset of the Indian summer monsoon and its association with atmospheric features, El Niño, and sea surface temperature anomalies. J. Climate, 7, 81-105.
12. Kalnay, E., and Coauthors, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-Yr Reanalysis Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437-471.
13. Krishna Kumar, K., B. Rajagopalan, and M. A. Cane, 1999: On the weakening relationship between the Indian monsoon and ENSO. Science, 284, 2156-2159.
14. Krishnamurti, T. N., H. S. Bedi, and V. M. Hardiker, 1998: An Introduction to Global Spectral Modeling. Oxford University Press, 253 pp.
15. Nouh, M. A., 1987: Analysis of rainfall in the south-west region of Saudi Arabia. Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng., 2, 339-349.
16. Numaguti, A., 1993: Dynamics and energy balance of the Hadley circulation and the tropical precipitation zones: Significance of the distribution of evaporation. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 1874-1887.
17. Peixoto, J. P., and A. H. Oort, 1983: The atmospheric branch of the hydrological cycle and climate. Variations of the Global Water Budget, Reidel, 5-65.
18. Rayner, N. A., E. B. Horton, D. E. Parker, C. K. Folland, and R. B. Hackett, 1996: Version 2.2 of the global sea-ice and sea surface temperature data set, 1903-1994. Climate Research Tech. Note 74, Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research, Bracknell, United Kingdom, 21 pp.
19. Rodwell, M. R., and B. J. Hoskins, 1996: Monsoons and the dynamics of deserts. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 122, 1385-1404.
20. Rosen, R. D., D. A. Salstein, and J. P. Peixoto, 1979: Variability in the annual fields of large-scale atmospheric water vapor transport. Mon. Wea. Rev., 107, 26-37.
21. Saji, N. H., and T. Yamagata, 2003: Possible impacts of Indian Ocean dipole mode events on global climate. Climate Res., 25, 151-169.
22. Saji, N. H., B. N. Goswami, P. N. Vinayachandran, and T. Yamagata, 1999: A dipole mode in the tropical Indian Ocean. Nature, 401, 360-363.
23. Sen, Z., 1983: Hydrology of Saudi Arabia. Proc. Symp. on Water Resources in Saudi Arabia: Management, Treatment, and Utilization, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Ministry of Agriculture and Water, 68-94.
24. Shukla, J., and D. Paolino, 1983: The Southern Oscillation and long-range forecasting of summer monsoon rainfall over India. Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 1830-1837.
25. Walker, G. T., 1923: Correlation in seasonal variations of weather. VIII: A preliminary study of world weather. Mem. Indian Meteor. Dept., 24, 75-131.
26. Wang, B., R. Wu, and K.-M. Lau, 2001: Interannual variability of the Asian summer monsoon: Contrasts between the Indian and western North Pacific-east Asian monsoons. J. Climate, 14, 4073-4089.
27. Webster, P. J., V. O. Magana, T. N. Palmer, J. Shukla, R. A. Tomas, M. Yanai, and T. Yasunari, 1998: Monsoons: Processes, predictability, and the prospects for prediction. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 14 451-14 510.
28. Webster, P. J., A. Moore, J. Loschnigg, and M. Leban, 1999: Coupled ocean-atmosphere dynamics in the Indian Ocean during 1997-98. Nature, 40, 356-360.
29. Willmott, C. J., S. M. Robeson, and M. J. Janis, 1996: Comparison of approaches for estimating time-averaged precipitation using data from the USA. Int. J. Climatol., 16, 1103-1115.
30. Xie, P., and P. A. Arkin, 1997: Global precipitation: A 17-year monthly analysis based on gauge observations, satellite estimates, and numerical model outputs. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 78, 2539-2558.
31. Xie, S.-P., H. Annamalai, F. A. Schott, and J. P. McCreary, 2002: Structure and mechanism of south Indian Ocean climate variability. J. Climate, 15, 864-878.
32. Yamagata, T., S. K. Behera, J.-J. Luo, S. Masson, M. Jury, and S. A. Rao, 2004: Coupled ocean atmosphere variability in the tropical Indian Ocean. Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction and Climate Variability, Geophys. Monogr., Amer. Geophys. Union, Vol. 147, 189-211.