메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 93, Issue 5, 2005, Pages 918-935

The hare, the tortoise and the crocodile: The ecology of angiosperm dominance, conifer persistence and fern filtering

Author keywords

Chronosequence; Competition; Forest; Light transmission; Microsite; Nutrients; PAR; Podocarpaceae; Regeneration; Resource; Retrogressive; Safe sites

Indexed keywords

ANGIOSPERM; CONIFEROUS TREE; DRAINAGE; FERN; INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; PERSISTENCE; REGENERATION; SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT; SHADING; SOIL DRAINAGE;

EID: 33644579815     PISSN: 00220477     EISSN: 13652745     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2005.01012.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (182)

References (116)
  • 1
    • 33745191385 scopus 로고
    • Government Printer, Wellington.
    • Allan H.H. ( 1961) Flora of New Zealand, Vol. 1. Government Printer, Wellington.
    • (1961) Flora of New Zealand , vol.1
    • Allan, H.H.1
  • 3
    • 0021539488 scopus 로고
    • Seedling survival of tropical tree species - Interactions of dispersal distance, light-gaps, and pathogens
    • Augspurger C.K. ( 1984) Seedling survival of tropical tree species - interactions of dispersal distance, light-gaps, and pathogens. Ecology, 65, 1705 1712.
    • (1984) Ecology , vol.65 , pp. 1705-1712
    • Augspurger, C.K.1
  • 5
    • 0033835796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competition in the regeneration niche between conifers and angiosperms: Bond's slow seedling hypothesis
    • Becker P. ( 2000) Competition in the regeneration niche between conifers and angiosperms: Bond's slow seedling hypothesis. Functional Ecology, 14, 401 412.
    • (2000) Functional Ecology , vol.14 , pp. 401-412
    • Becker, P.1
  • 6
    • 0023486502 scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen-use efficiency: A biologically meaningful definition?
    • Berendse F. Aerts R. ( 1987) Nitrogen-use efficiency: a biologically meaningful definition? Functional Ecology, 1, 293 296.
    • (1987) Functional Ecology , vol.1 , pp. 293-296
    • Berendse, F.1    Aerts, R.2
  • 7
    • 0001792301 scopus 로고
    • Regeneration of podocarps in a central North Island podocarp forest
    • Beveridge A.E. ( 1973) Regeneration of podocarps in a central North Island podocarp forest. New Zealand Journal of Forestry, 11, 48 55.
    • (1973) New Zealand Journal of Forestry , vol.11 , pp. 48-55
    • Beveridge, A.E.1
  • 9
    • 0037327532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth and mortality in high and low light: Trends among 15 shade-tolerant tropical rain forest tree species
    • Bloor J.M.G. Grubb P.J. ( 2003) Growth and mortality in high and low light: trends among 15 shade-tolerant tropical rain forest tree species. Journal of Ecology, 91, 77 85.
    • (2003) Journal of Ecology , vol.91 , pp. 77-85
    • Bloor, J.M.G.1    Grubb, P.J.2
  • 10
    • 0024944805 scopus 로고
    • The tortoise and the hare: Ecology of angiosperm dominance and gymnosperm persistence
    • Bond W.J. ( 1989) The tortoise and the hare: ecology of angiosperm dominance and gymnosperm persistence. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 36, 227 249.
    • (1989) Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , vol.36 , pp. 227-249
    • Bond, W.J.1
  • 11
    • 0030620350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Light response characteristics of a morphologically diverse group of southern hemisphere conifers as measured by chlorophyll fluorescence
    • Brodribb T. Hill R.S. ( 1997) Light response characteristics of a morphologically diverse group of southern hemisphere conifers as measured by chlorophyll fluorescence. Oecologia, 110, 10 17.
    • (1997) Oecologia , vol.110 , pp. 10-17
    • Brodribb, T.1    Hill, R.S.2
  • 12
    • 0027331907 scopus 로고
    • Fire-induced dynamics of Araucaria araucana - Nothofagus antarctica forest in the southern Andes
    • Burns B.R. ( 1993) Fire-induced dynamics of Araucaria araucana - Nothofagus antarctica forest in the southern Andes. Journal of Biogeography, 20, 669 685.
    • (1993) Journal of Biogeography , vol.20 , pp. 669-685
    • Burns, B.R.1
  • 13
    • 0030318795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responses to simulated drought and raised nitrogen supply among shade-tolerance tree seedlings of lowland tropical forest in Singapore
    • Burslem D.F.R.P. Grubb P.J. Turner I.M. ( 1996) Responses to simulated drought and raised nitrogen supply among shade-tolerance tree seedlings of lowland tropical forest in Singapore. Biotropica, 28, 636 648.
    • (1996) Biotropica , vol.28 , pp. 636-648
    • Burslem, D.F.R.P.1    Grubb, P.J.2    Turner, I.M.3
  • 14
    • 1842357240 scopus 로고
    • Different responses to gaps among shade-tolerant tree species
    • Canham C.D. ( 1989) Different responses to gaps among shade-tolerant tree species. Ecology, 69, 786 795.
    • (1989) Ecology , vol.69 , pp. 786-795
    • Canham, C.D.1
  • 16
    • 0033545308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing sources of nutrients during four million years of ecosystem development
    • Chadwick O.A. Derry L.A. Vitousek P.M. Huebert B.J. Hedin L.O. ( 1999) Changing sources of nutrients during four million years of ecosystem development. Nature, 397, 491 497.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.397 , pp. 491-497
    • Chadwick, O.A.1    Derry, L.A.2    Vitousek, P.M.3    Huebert, B.J.4    Hedin, L.O.5
  • 19
    • 0030850481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The roles of harsh and fluctuating conditions in the dynamics of ecological communities
    • Chesson P. Huntley N. ( 1997) The roles of harsh and fluctuating conditions in the dynamics of ecological communities. American Naturalist, 150, 519 553.
    • (1997) American Naturalist , vol.150 , pp. 519-553
    • Chesson, P.1    Huntley, N.2
  • 20
    • 0021548872 scopus 로고
    • Convergence during secondary forest succession
    • Christensen N.L. Peet R.K. ( 1984) Convergence during secondary forest succession. Journal of Ecology, 72, 25 36.
    • (1984) Journal of Ecology , vol.72 , pp. 25-36
    • Christensen, N.L.1    Peet, R.K.2
  • 21
    • 0141924367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regeneration microsites and tree species coexistence in temperate rain forests of Chiloe Island, Chile
    • Christie D.A. Armesto J.J. ( 2003) Regeneration microsites and tree species coexistence in temperate rain forests of Chiloe Island, Chile. Journal of Ecology, 91, 776 784.
    • (2003) Journal of Ecology , vol.91 , pp. 776-784
    • Christie, D.A.1    Armesto, J.J.2
  • 22
    • 84950626470 scopus 로고
    • Name changes in the indigenous New Zealand flora, 1960-86, and Nomina Nova IV, 1983-86
    • Connor H.E. Edgar E. ( 1987) Name changes in the indigenous New Zealand flora, 1960-86, and Nomina Nova IV, 1983-86. New Zealand Journal of Botany, 25, 115 170.
    • (1987) New Zealand Journal of Botany , vol.25 , pp. 115-170
    • Connor, H.E.1    Edgar, E.2
  • 23
    • 0030458145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amazonian caatinga and related communities at la Esmeralda, Venezeula: Forest structure, physiognomy, and control by soil factors
    • Coomes D.A. Grubb P.J. ( 1996) Amazonian caatinga and related communities at La Esmeralda, Venezeula: forest structure, physiognomy, and control by soil factors. Vegetatio, 122, 167 191.
    • (1996) Vegetatio , vol.122 , pp. 167-191
    • Coomes, D.A.1    Grubb, P.J.2
  • 24
    • 0033810818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of root competition in forests and woodlands: A theoretical framework and review of experiments
    • Coomes D.A. Grubb P.J. ( 2000) Impacts of root competition in forests and woodlands: a theoretical framework and review of experiments. Ecological Monographs, 70, 171 207.
    • (2000) Ecological Monographs , vol.70 , pp. 171-207
    • Coomes, D.A.1    Grubb, P.J.2
  • 25
    • 0038514105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colonization, tolerance, competition and seed-size variation within functional groups
    • Coomes D.A. Grubb P.J. ( 2003) Colonization, tolerance, competition and seed-size variation within functional groups. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 18, 283 291.
    • (2003) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.18 , pp. 283-291
    • Coomes, D.A.1    Grubb, P.J.2
  • 26
    • 0037609404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional and local patterns of plant species richness with respect to resource availability
    • Cornwell W.K. Grubb P.J. ( 2003) Regional and local patterns of plant species richness with respect to resource availability. Oikos, 100, 417 428.
    • (2003) Oikos , vol.100 , pp. 417-428
    • Cornwell, W.K.1    Grubb, P.J.2
  • 28
    • 0037239253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paludification and forest retreat in northern oceanic environments
    • Crawford R.M.M. Jeffree C.E. Rees W.G. ( 2003) Paludification and forest retreat in northern oceanic environments. Annals of Botany, 91, 213 226.
    • (2003) Annals of Botany , vol.91 , pp. 213-226
    • Crawford, R.M.M.1    Jeffree, C.E.2    Rees, W.G.3
  • 32
    • 0027883992 scopus 로고
    • Flood disturbance and the coexistence of species in a lowland podocarp forest, south Westland, New Zealand
    • Duncan R.P. ( 1993) Flood disturbance and the coexistence of species in a lowland podocarp forest, south Westland, New Zealand. Journal of Ecology, 81, 403 416.
    • (1993) Journal of Ecology , vol.81 , pp. 403-416
    • Duncan, R.P.1
  • 36
    • 0001506464 scopus 로고
    • The southern conifers - A synthesis
    • (eds. N.J. Enright. R.S. Hill)., pp. Melbourne University Press, Melbourne.
    • Enright N.J. Ogden J. ( 1995) The southern conifers - a synthesis. Ecology of the Southern Conifers (eds N.J. Enright R.S. Hill), pp. 271 287. Melbourne University Press, Melbourne.
    • (1995) Ecology of the Southern Conifers , pp. 271-287
    • Enright, N.J.1    Ogden, J.2
  • 38
    • 0000987818 scopus 로고
    • Geographical variation in fertility, phenology, and composition of the understorey of neotropical forests
    • Gentry A.H. Emmons L.H. ( 1987) Geographical variation in fertility, phenology, and composition of the understorey of neotropical forests. Biotropica, 29, 216 227.
    • (1987) Biotropica , vol.29 , pp. 216-227
    • Gentry, A.H.1    Emmons, L.H.2
  • 39
    • 0032941606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The fern understory as an ecological filter: Emergence and establishment of canopy-tree seedlings
    • George L.O. Bazzaz F.A. ( 1999a) The fern understory as an ecological filter: emergence and establishment of canopy-tree seedlings. Ecology, 80, 833 845.
    • (1999) Ecology , vol.80 , pp. 833-845
    • George, L.O.1    Bazzaz, F.A.2
  • 40
    • 0032949224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The fern understory as an ecological filter: Growth and survival of canopy tree seedlings
    • George L.O. Bazzaz F.A. ( 1999b) The fern understory as an ecological filter: growth and survival of canopy tree seedlings. Ecology, 80, 846 856.
    • (1999) Ecology , vol.80 , pp. 846-856
    • George, L.O.1    Bazzaz, F.A.2
  • 41
    • 9344237386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The herbaceous layer as a filter determining spatial pattern in forest tree regeneration
    • (eds. F. S. Gilliam. M. R. Roberts)., pp. Oxford University Press, New York.
    • George L.O. Bazzaz F.A. ( 2003) The herbaceous layer as a filter determining spatial pattern in forest tree regeneration. The Herbaceous Layer in Forests of Eastern North America (eds F. S. Gilliam M. R. Roberts), pp. 265 282. Oxford University Press, New York.
    • (2003) The Herbaceous Layer in Forests of Eastern North America , pp. 265-282
    • George, L.O.1    Bazzaz, F.A.2
  • 42
    • 27744539269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions between the herbaceous layer and overstory canopy of eastern forests: A mechanism for linkage
    • (eds. F.S. Gilliam. M.R. Roberts)., pp. Oxford University Press, New York.
    • Gilliam F.S. Roberts M.R. ( 2003) Interactions between the herbaceous layer and overstory canopy of eastern forests: a mechanism for linkage. The Herbaceous Layer in Forests of Eastern North America (eds F.S. Gilliam M.R. Roberts), pp. 198 223. Oxford University Press, New York.
    • (2003) The Herbaceous Layer in Forests of Eastern North America , pp. 198-223
    • Gilliam, F.S.1    Roberts, M.R.2
  • 43
    • 0032907591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the causes of gradients in tropical tree diversity
    • Givnish T.J. ( 1999) On the causes of gradients in tropical tree diversity. Journal of Ecology, 87, 193 210.
    • (1999) Journal of Ecology , vol.87 , pp. 193-210
    • Givnish, T.J.1
  • 46
    • 0002639937 scopus 로고
    • Global trends in species-richness in terrestrial vegetation: A view from the northern hemisphere
    • (eds. J.H.R. Gee. P.S. Giller)., pp. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
    • Grubb P.J. ( 1987) Global trends in species-richness in terrestrial vegetation: a view from the northern hemisphere. Organization of Communities Past and Present (eds J.H.R. Gee P.S. Giller), pp. 99 118. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
    • (1987) Organization of Communities Past and Present , pp. 99-118
    • Grubb, P.J.1
  • 47
    • 0003454473 scopus 로고
    • Landcare Research Science Series no. 1. Manaaki Whenua Press, Christchurch.
    • Hewitt A.E. ( 1988) New Zealand Soil Classification. Landcare Research Science Series no. 1. Manaaki Whenua Press, Christchurch.
    • (1988) New Zealand Soil Classification.
    • Hewitt, A.E.1
  • 48
    • 0030616723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting the natural regeneration of Quercus in Scottish oakwoods I. Competition from Pteridium aquilinum
    • Humphrey J.W. Swaine M.D. ( 1997) Factors affecting the natural regeneration of Quercus in Scottish oakwoods I. Competition from Pteridium aquilinum. Journal of Applied Ecology, 34, 577 584.
    • (1997) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.34 , pp. 577-584
    • Humphrey, J.W.1    Swaine, M.D.2
  • 49
    • 0036262048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of plant light environment on mycorrhizal colonisation in field-grown seedlings of podocarp-angiosperm forest tree species
    • Hurst S.E. Turnbull M.H. Norton D.A. ( 2002) The effect of plant light environment on mycorrhizal colonisation in field-grown seedlings of podocarp-angiosperm forest tree species. New Zealand Journal of Botany, 40, 65 72.
    • (2002) New Zealand Journal of Botany , vol.40 , pp. 65-72
    • Hurst, S.E.1    Turnbull, M.H.2    Norton, D.A.3
  • 51
    • 0002853049 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the vegetation of Mount Colenso, New Zealand. 3. the population dynamics of red beech seedlings
    • June S.R. Ogden J. ( 1975) Studies on the vegetation of Mount Colenso, New Zealand. 3. The population dynamics of red beech seedlings. Proceedings of the New Zealand Ecological Society, 22, 61 66.
    • (1975) Proceedings of the New Zealand Ecological Society , vol.22 , pp. 61-66
    • June, S.R.1    Ogden, J.2
  • 52
    • 0030758829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental evidence that interspecific competitive asymmetry increases with soil productivity
    • Keddy P.A. Twolan-Strutt L. Shipley B. ( 1997) Experimental evidence that interspecific competitive asymmetry increases with soil productivity. Oikos, 80, 253 256.
    • (1997) Oikos , vol.80 , pp. 253-256
    • Keddy, P.A.1    Twolan-Strutt, L.2    Shipley, B.3
  • 55
    • 0030302616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The vegetation N: P ratio: A new tool to detect the nature of nutrient limitation
    • Koerselman W. Meuleman A.F.M. ( 1996) The vegetation N: P ratio: a new tool to detect the nature of nutrient limitation. Journal of Applied Ecology, 33, 1441 1450.
    • (1996) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.33 , pp. 1441-1450
    • Koerselman, W.1    Meuleman, A.F.M.2
  • 56
    • 0028180380 scopus 로고
    • Below- and above-ground allometries of shade-tolerant seedlings in a Japanese warm-temperate rain forest
    • Kohyama T. Grubb P.J. ( 1994) Below- and above-ground allometries of shade-tolerant seedlings in a Japanese warm-temperate rain forest. Functional Ecology, 8, 229 236.
    • (1994) Functional Ecology , vol.8 , pp. 229-236
    • Kohyama, T.1    Grubb, P.J.2
  • 57
    • 0013570482 scopus 로고
    • Soil aeration and Sitka spruce seedling growth in peat
    • Lees J.C. ( 1972) Soil aeration and Sitka spruce seedling growth in peat. Journal of Ecology, 60, 343 349.
    • (1972) Journal of Ecology , vol.60 , pp. 343-349
    • Lees, J.C.1
  • 58
    • 0036933905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing New Zealand fern diversity from spatial predictions of species assemblages
    • Lehmann A. Leathwick J.R. Overton J.M. ( 2002) Assessing New Zealand fern diversity from spatial predictions of species assemblages. Biodiversity and Conservation, 11, 2217 2238.
    • (2002) Biodiversity and Conservation , vol.11 , pp. 2217-2238
    • Lehmann, A.1    Leathwick, J.R.2    Overton, J.M.3
  • 59
    • 0034086922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategy space and the disturbance spectrum: A life-history model for tree species coexistence
    • Loehle C. ( 2000) Strategy space and the disturbance spectrum: a life-history model for tree species coexistence. American Naturalist, 156, 14 33.
    • (2000) American Naturalist , vol.156 , pp. 14-33
    • Loehle, C.1
  • 60
    • 33645057631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leaf life spans of some conifers of the temperate forests of South America
    • Lusk C.H. ( 2001) Leaf life spans of some conifers of the temperate forests of South America. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 74, 711 718.
    • (2001) Revista Chilena de Historia Natural , vol.74 , pp. 711-718
    • Lusk, C.H.1
  • 61
    • 0000497717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival and growth of seedlings of 12 Chilean rainforest trees in two light environments: Gas exchange and biomass distribution correlates
    • Lusk C.H. Del Pozo A. ( 2002) Survival and growth of seedlings of 12 Chilean rainforest trees in two light environments: gas exchange and biomass distribution correlates. Austral Ecology, 27, 173 182.
    • (2002) Austral Ecology , vol.27 , pp. 173-182
    • Lusk, C.H.1    Del Pozo, A.2
  • 62
    • 0038052109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interspecific variation in seed size and safe sites in a temperate rain forest
    • Lusk C.H. Kelly C.K. ( 2003) Interspecific variation in seed size and safe sites in a temperate rain forest. New Phytologist, 158, 535 541.
    • (2003) New Phytologist , vol.158 , pp. 535-541
    • Lusk, C.H.1    Kelly, C.K.2
  • 63
    • 0031823261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life history differences and tree species coexistence in an old-growth New Zealand rain forest
    • Lusk C.H. Smith B. ( 1998) Life history differences and tree species coexistence in an old-growth New Zealand rain forest. Ecology, 79, 795 806.
    • (1998) Ecology , vol.79 , pp. 795-806
    • Lusk, C.H.1    Smith, B.2
  • 64
    • 0142216280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photosynthetic differences contribute to competitive advantage of evergreen angiosperm trees over evergreen conifers in productive habitats
    • Lusk C.H. Wright I. Reich P.B. ( 2003) Photosynthetic differences contribute to competitive advantage of evergreen angiosperm trees over evergreen conifers in productive habitats. New Phytologist, 160, 329 336.
    • (2003) New Phytologist , vol.160 , pp. 329-336
    • Lusk, C.H.1    Wright, I.2    Reich, P.B.3
  • 65
    • 0033003867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing size inequality in peatland black spruce and tamarack: Evidence from post-drainage release growth
    • Macdonald G.M. Lin F. ( 1999) Factors influencing size inequality in peatland black spruce and tamarack: evidence from post-drainage release growth. Journal of Ecology, 87, 404 412.
    • (1999) Journal of Ecology , vol.87 , pp. 404-412
    • MacDonald, G.M.1    Lin, F.2
  • 66
    • 0024258567 scopus 로고
    • Ecological studies of a marine terrace sequence in the Waitutu Ecological District of southern New Zealand. Part 1: The vegetation and soil patterns
    • Mark A.F. Grealish G. Ward C.M. Wilson J.B. ( 1988) Ecological studies of a marine terrace sequence in the Waitutu Ecological District of southern New Zealand. Part 1: The vegetation and soil patterns. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 18, 29 58.
    • (1988) Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand , vol.18 , pp. 29-58
    • Mark, A.F.1    Grealish, G.2    Ward, C.M.3    Wilson, J.B.4
  • 67
    • 0027070067 scopus 로고
    • Light environments in temperate New Zealand podocarp rainforests
    • McDonald D. Norton D.A. ( 1992) Light environments in temperate New Zealand podocarp rainforests. New Zealand Journals of Ecology, 16, 15 22.
    • (1992) New Zealand Journals of Ecology , vol.16 , pp. 15-22
    • McDonald, D.1    Norton, D.A.2
  • 69
    • 0026364604 scopus 로고
    • Ecological aspects of the rise of angiosperms - A challenge to the reproductive hypotheses
    • Midgley J.J. Bond W.J. ( 1991) Ecological aspects of the rise of angiosperms - a challenge to the reproductive hypotheses. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 44, 81 92.
    • (1991) Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , vol.44 , pp. 81-92
    • Midgley, J.J.1    Bond, W.J.2
  • 70
    • 0038216301 scopus 로고
    • The ecology of southern African conifers
    • (eds. N.J. Enright. R.S. Hill)., pp. Melbourne University Press, Melbourne.
    • Midgley J.J. Bond W.J. Geldenhuys C.J. ( 1995) The ecology of southern African conifers. Ecology of the Southern Conifers (eds N.J. Enright R.S. Hill), pp. 64 80. Melbourne University Press, Melbourne.
    • (1995) Ecology of the Southern Conifers , pp. 64-80
    • Midgley, J.J.1    Bond, W.J.2    Geldenhuys, C.J.3
  • 71
    • 2342547817 scopus 로고
    • The chemical composition of rainwater at Taita, New Zealand, 1956-1958
    • Miller R.B. ( 1961) The chemical composition of rainwater at Taita, New Zealand, 1956-1958. New Zealand Journal of Science, 4, 844 853.
    • (1961) New Zealand Journal of Science , vol.4 , pp. 844-853
    • Miller, R.B.1
  • 72
    • 0001373240 scopus 로고
    • An ecological significance of evergreenness
    • Monk C.D. ( 1966) An ecological significance of evergreenness. Ecology, 47, 504 505.
    • (1966) Ecology , vol.47 , pp. 504-505
    • Monk, C.D.1
  • 73
    • 0024907791 scopus 로고
    • Establishment of Clethra occidentalis on stems of the tree-fern Cyathea pubescens in a Jamaican montane rain-forest
    • Newton A.C. Healey J.R. ( 1989) Establishment of Clethra occidentalis on stems of the tree-fern Cyathea pubescens in a Jamaican montane rain-forest. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 5, 441 445.
    • (1989) Journal of Tropical Ecology , vol.5 , pp. 441-445
    • Newton, A.C.1    Healey, J.R.2
  • 74
    • 0001884706 scopus 로고
    • Community dynamics of New Zealand conifers
    • (eds. N. J. Enright. R. S. Hill)., pp. Melbourne University Press, Melbourne.
    • Ogden J. Stewart G.H. ( 1995) Community dynamics of New Zealand conifers. Ecology of the Southern Conifers (eds N. J. Enright R. S. Hill), pp. 81 119. Melbourne University Press, Melbourne.
    • (1995) Ecology of the Southern Conifers , pp. 81-119
    • Ogden, J.1    Stewart, G.H.2
  • 77
    • 0347382762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A test of the indirect facilitation model in a temperate hardwood forest of the northern French Alps
    • Pages J.P. Michalet R. ( 2003) A test of the indirect facilitation model in a temperate hardwood forest of the northern French Alps. Journal of Ecology, 91, 932 940.
    • (2003) Journal of Ecology , vol.91 , pp. 932-940
    • Pages, J.P.1    Michalet, R.2
  • 80
    • 0001277955 scopus 로고
    • A suggestion concerning the Cretaceous rise to dominance of the angiosperms
    • Raven P.H. ( 1977) A suggestion concerning the Cretaceous rise to dominance of the angiosperms. Evolution, 31, 451 452.
    • (1977) Evolution , vol.31 , pp. 451-452
    • Raven, P.H.1
  • 81
    • 0024257524 scopus 로고
    • The dynamics of some rainforest associations in Tasmania
    • Read J. Hill R.S. ( 1988) The dynamics of some rainforest associations in Tasmania. Journal of Ecology, 83, 558 574.
    • (1988) Journal of Ecology , vol.83 , pp. 558-574
    • Read, J.1    Hill, R.S.2
  • 82
    • 0028982562 scopus 로고
    • Community structure in sand dune annuals - Is seed weight a key quantity?
    • Rees M. ( 1995) Community structure in sand dune annuals - is seed weight a key quantity? Journal of Ecology, 83, 857 863.
    • (1995) Journal of Ecology , vol.83 , pp. 857-863
    • Rees, M.1
  • 85
    • 2342505906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid development of P limitation in temperate rainforest along the Franz Joseph soil chronosequence
    • Richardson S.J. Peltzer D.A. Allen R.B. McGlone M.S. Parfitt R.L. ( 2004) Rapid development of P limitation in temperate rainforest along the Franz Joseph soil chronosequence. Oecologia, 139, 267 276.
    • (2004) Oecologia , vol.139 , pp. 267-276
    • Richardson, S.J.1    Peltzer, D.A.2    Allen, R.B.3    McGlone, M.S.4    Parfitt, R.L.5
  • 86
    • 0036828643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mycorrhizal nodules in Podocarpaceae: Ultrastructure and molecular identification of fungi
    • Russell A.J. Bidartonda M. Butterfield B.G. ( 2002) Mycorrhizal nodules in Podocarpaceae: ultrastructure and molecular identification of fungi. New Phytologist, 156, 283 295.
    • (2002) New Phytologist , vol.156 , pp. 283-295
    • Russell, A.J.1    Bidartonda, M.2    Butterfield, B.G.3
  • 87
    • 0031732359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ecology of the climbing fern Dicranopteris linearis on windward Mauna Loa, Hawaii
    • Russell A.E. Raich J.W. Vitousek P.M. ( 1998) The ecology of the climbing fern Dicranopteris linearis on windward Mauna Loa, Hawaii. Journal of Ecology, 86, 765 779.
    • (1998) Journal of Ecology , vol.86 , pp. 765-779
    • Russell, A.E.1    Raich, J.W.2    Vitousek, P.M.3
  • 88
    • 0032920782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial patterns of aerobic limit depth and oxygen diffusion rate at two peatlands drained for forestry in Alberta
    • Silins U. Rothwell R.L. ( 1999) Spatial patterns of aerobic limit depth and oxygen diffusion rate at two peatlands drained for forestry in Alberta. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 29, 53 61.
    • (1999) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.29 , pp. 53-61
    • Silins, U.1    Rothwell, R.L.2
  • 89
    • 0021556985 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation and soil development on a Holocene river terrace sequence, Arawata Valley, South Westland, New Zealand
    • Smith S.M. Lee W.G. 1984) Vegetation and soil development on a Holocene river terrace sequence, Arawata Valley, South Westland, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Science, 27, 187 196.
    • (1984) New Zealand Journal of Science , vol.27 , pp. 187-196
    • Smith, S.M.1    Lee, W.G.2
  • 90
    • 0000837688 scopus 로고
    • Xylem embolism in response to freeze-thaw cycles and water stress in ring-porous, diffuse-porous and conifer trees
    • Sperry J.S. Sullivan J.E. 1992) Xylem embolism in response to freeze-thaw cycles and water stress in ring-porous, diffuse-porous and conifer trees. Plant Physiology, 88, 581 587.
    • (1992) Plant Physiology , vol.88 , pp. 581-587
    • Sperry, J.S.1    Sullivan, J.E.2
  • 91
    • 0030669023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regeneration and coexistence of two subalpine conifer species in relation to dwarf bamboo in the understorey
    • Takahashi K. ( 1997) Regeneration and coexistence of two subalpine conifer species in relation to dwarf bamboo in the understorey. Journal of Vegetation Science, 8, 529 536.
    • (1997) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.8 , pp. 529-536
    • Takahashi, K.1
  • 93
    • 0037672373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of nitrogen to phosphorus ratios in plant tissue as an indicator of nutrient limitation and nitrogen saturation
    • Tessier J.T. Raynal D.J. ( 2003) Use of nitrogen to phosphorus ratios in plant tissue as an indicator of nutrient limitation and nitrogen saturation. Journal of Applied Ecology, 40, 523 534.
    • (2003) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.40 , pp. 523-534
    • Tessier, J.T.1    Raynal, D.J.2
  • 97
    • 0000012669 scopus 로고
    • Tree regeneration responses to gaps along a transandean gradient
    • Veblen T.T. ( 1989) Tree regeneration responses to gaps along a transandean gradient. Ecology, 70, 541 543.
    • (1989) Ecology , vol.70 , pp. 541-543
    • Veblen, T.T.1
  • 98
    • 0002171262 scopus 로고
    • The ecology of conifers of southern South America
    • (eds. N.J. Enright. R.S. Hill)., pp. Melbourne University Press, Melbourne.
    • Veblen T.T. Burns B.T. Kitzberger T. Lara A. Villalba R. ( 1995) The ecology of conifers of southern South America. Ecology of the Southern Conifers (eds N.J. Enright R.S. Hill), pp. 120 155. Melbourne University Press, Melbourne.
    • (1995) Ecology of the Southern Conifers , pp. 120-155
    • Veblen, T.T.1    Burns, B.T.2    Kitzberger, T.3    Lara, A.4    Villalba, R.5
  • 99
    • 0001990996 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of forest structure and regeneration on Bench and Stewart Islands, New Zealand
    • Veblen T.T. Stewart G.H. ( 1980) Comparison of forest structure and regeneration on Bench and Stewart Islands, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 3, 5 68.
    • (1980) New Zealand Journal of Ecology , vol.3 , pp. 5-68
    • Veblen, T.T.1    Stewart, G.H.2
  • 100
    • 0001452328 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the chemical composition of fog and rainwater collected in the Fichtlgebirge, FRG, and from the South Island of New Zealand
    • Verhoeven W. Herrmann R. Eiden R. Klemm O. ( 1987) A comparison of the chemical composition of fog and rainwater collected in the Fichtlgebirge, FRG, and from the South Island of New Zealand. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 38, 210 221.
    • (1987) Theoretical and Applied Climatology , vol.38 , pp. 210-221
    • Verhoeven, W.1    Herrmann, R.2    Eiden, R.3    Klemm, O.4
  • 101
    • 0020369373 scopus 로고
    • Nutrient cycling and nutrient use efficiency
    • Vitousek P. ( 1982) Nutrient cycling and nutrient use efficiency. American Naturalist, 119, 553 572.
    • (1982) American Naturalist , vol.119 , pp. 553-572
    • Vitousek, P.1
  • 103
    • 0030619764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrient limitation and soil development: Experimental test of a biogeochemical theory
    • Vitousek P.M. Farrington H. ( 1997) Nutrient limitation and soil development: experimental test of a biogeochemical theory. Biogeochemistry, 37, 63 75.
    • (1997) Biogeochemistry , vol.37 , pp. 63-75
    • Vitousek, P.M.1    Farrington, H.2
  • 104
    • 0029139977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foliar nutrients during long-term soil development in Hawaiian montane rainforest
    • Vitousek P.M. Turner D.R. Kitayama K. ( 1998) Foliar nutrients during long-term soil development in Hawaiian montane rainforest. Ecology, 76, 712 720.
    • (1998) Ecology , vol.76 , pp. 712-720
    • Vitousek, P.M.1    Turner, D.R.2    Kitayama, K.3
  • 106
    • 49549127599 scopus 로고
    • The fate of phosphorus during pedogenesis
    • Walker T.W. Syers J.K. ( 1976) The fate of phosphorus during pedogenesis. Geoderma, 15, 1 19.
    • (1976) Geoderma , vol.15 , pp. 1-19
    • Walker, T.W.1    Syers, J.K.2
  • 107
    • 0024265690 scopus 로고
    • Marine terraces of the Waitutu district and their relation to the late Cenozoic tectonics of the southern Fiordland region, New Zealand
    • Ward C.M. ( 1988) Marine terraces of the Waitutu district and their relation to the late Cenozoic tectonics of the southern Fiordland region, New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 18, 1 28.
    • (1988) Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand , vol.18 , pp. 1-28
    • Ward, C.M.1
  • 108
    • 0002255587 scopus 로고
    • Biological flora of New Zealand. 1. Weinmannia racemosa Linn. F. (Cunoniaceae). Kamahi
    • Wardle P. 1966) Biological flora of New Zealand. 1. Weinmannia racemosa Linn. F. (Cunoniaceae). Kamahi. New Zealand Journal of Botany, 4, 114 131.
    • (1966) New Zealand Journal of Botany , vol.4 , pp. 114-131
    • Wardle, P.1
  • 110
    • 3242813598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecosystem properties and forest decline in contrasting long-term chronosequences
    • Wardle D.A. Walker L.R. Bardgett R.D. ( 2004) Ecosystem properties and forest decline in contrasting long-term chronosequences. Science, 305, 509 513.
    • (2004) Science , vol.305 , pp. 509-513
    • Wardle, D.A.1    Walker, L.R.2    Bardgett, R.D.3
  • 112
    • 0035664373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest dynamics in Westland, New Zealand: The importance of large, infrequent earthquake-induced disturbance
    • Wells A. Duncan R.P. Stewart G.H. ( 2001) Forest dynamics in Westland, New Zealand: the importance of large, infrequent earthquake-induced disturbance. Journal of Ecology, 89, 1006 1018.
    • (2001) Journal of Ecology , vol.89 , pp. 1006-1018
    • Wells, A.1    Duncan, R.P.2    Stewart, G.H.3
  • 113
    • 2942688321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scaling carbon uptake from leaves to canopies: Insights from two forests with contrasting properties
    • (eds. M. Mencuccini. J. Grace. J. Moncrieff. K. G. McNaughton)., pp. CAB International, Wallingford.
    • Whitehead D. Walcroft A.S. Griffin K.L. Tissue D.T. Turnbull M.H. Engel V. Brown K.J. Schuster W.S.F. ( 2004) Scaling carbon uptake from leaves to canopies: insights from two forests with contrasting properties. Forests at the Land-Atmosphere Interface (eds M. Mencuccini J. Grace J. Moncrieff K. G. McNaughton), pp. 231 254. CAB International, Wallingford.
    • (2004) Forests at the Land-Atmosphere Interface , pp. 231-254
    • Whitehead, D.1    Walcroft, A.S.2    Griffin, K.L.3    Tissue, D.T.4    Turnbull, M.H.5    Engel, V.6    Brown, K.J.7    Schuster, W.S.F.8
  • 115
    • 0034827759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing biodiversity information: Development of New Zealand's National Vegetation Survey databank
    • Wiser S.K. Bellingham P.J. Burrows L.E. ( 2001) Managing biodiversity information: development of New Zealand's National Vegetation Survey databank. New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 25, 1 17.
    • (2001) New Zealand Journal of Ecology , vol.25 , pp. 1-17
    • Wiser, S.K.1    Bellingham, P.J.2    Burrows, L.E.3
  • 116
    • 0027070088 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal drought, soil fertility and the species density of tropical forest plant-communities
    • Wright S.J. ( 1992) Seasonal drought, soil fertility and the species density of tropical forest plant-communities. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 7, 260 263.
    • (1992) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.7 , pp. 260-263
    • Wright, S.J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.