Styrene-7,8-oxide burden in ventilated, perfused lungs of mice and rats exposed to vaporous styrene

Toxicological Sciences

Volumn 90, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 39-48

  Hofmann, Christiana ^a   Pütz, Christian ^a   Semder, Brigitte ^a   Faller, Thomas H ^a   Csanády, György A ^a,b   Filser, Johannes G ^a,b  

^a INSTITUTE OF EPIDEMIOLOGY   (Germany)

^b TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

Author keywords

Glutathione; Inhalation; Mode of action; Mouse; Rat; Styrene; Styrene 7,8 oxide; Ventilated, perfused lung

Indexed keywords

STYRENE; STYRENE OXIDE;

ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); CONTROLLED STUDY; EX VIVO STUDY; EXPOSURE; GENOTOXICITY; INHALATION; ISOLATED LUNG; LUNG BURDEN; LUNG CARCINOGENESIS; LUNG PERFUSION; MALE; MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS; METABOLISM; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; RAT; SPECIES COMPARISON; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; TISSUE LEVEL; TOXICOKINETICS; TRACHEA; VAPOR;

ADMINISTRATION, INHALATION; AIR POLLUTANTS, OCCUPATIONAL; ANIMALS; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; DRUG RESIDUES; EPOXY COMPOUNDS; GASES; INHALATION EXPOSURE; LUNG; MALE; MICE; MICE, INBRED STRAINS; PERFUSION; RATS; RATS, SPRAGUE-DAWLEY; RESPIRATION, ARTIFICIAL; STYRENE;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 33144454462     PISSN: 10966080     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfj056     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Arms, A. D., and Travis, C. C. (1988). Reference physiological parameters in pharmacokinetic modeling. EPA/600/6-88/004, US Environmental Protection Agency.
2. Bakke, O. M., and Scheline, R. R. (1970). Hydroxylation of aromatic hydrocarbons in the rat. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 16, 691-700.
3. Bitzenhofer, U. N. (1993). Entwicklung einer gasdichten Apparatur zur Untersuchung von flüchtigen Fremdstoffen mit der isoliert perfundierten Rattenleber - Kinetik von Styrol und seinem Metaboliten Styrol-7,8-oxid. GSF-Bericht 24/93, GSF-Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit, GmbH (Editor), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany, ISSN 0721-1694.
4. Boogaard, P. J., de Kloe, K. P., Wong, B. A., Sumner, S. C., Watson, W. P., and van Sittert, N. J. (2000). Quantification of DNA adducts formed in liver, lungs, and isolated lung cells of rats and mice exposed to (14)C-styrene by nose-only inhalation. Toxicol. Sci. 57, 203-216.
5. Born, S. L., Fix, A. S., Caudill, D., and Lehman-McKeeman, L. D. (1999). Development of tolerance to Clara cell necrosis with repeat administration of coumarin. Toxicol. Sci. 51, 300-309.
6. Boyd, M. R., Burka, L. T., Wilson, B. J., and Sastry, B. V. (1981). Development of tolerance to the pulmonary toxin, 4-ipomeanol. Toxicology 19, 85-100.
7. Cantoni, L., Salmona, M., Facchinetti, T., Pantarotto, C., and Belvedere, G. (1978). Hepatic and extrahepatic formation and hydratation of styrene oxide in vitro in animals of different species and sex. Toxicol. Lett. 2, 179-186.
8. Carlson, G. P. (1997). Effects of inducers and inhibitors on the microsomal metabolism of styrene to styrene oxide in mice. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 51, 477-488.
9. Carlson, G. P., Perez Rivera, A. A., and Mantick, N. A. (2001). Metabolism of the styrene metabolite 4-vinylphenol by rat and mouse liver and lung. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 63, 541-551.
10. Carlson, G. P. (2002). Effect of the inhibition of the metabolism of 4-vinylphenol on its hepatotoxicity and pneumotoxicity in rats and mice. Toxicology 179, 129-136.
11. Cohen, J. T., Carlson, G., Charnley, G., Coggon, D., Delzell, E., Graham, J. D., Greim, H., Krewski, D., Medinsky, M., Monson, R., et al. (2002). A comprehensive evaluation of the potential health risks associated with occupational and environmental exposure to styrene. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B Crit. Rev. 5, 1-265.
12. Conti, B., Maltoni, C., Perino, G., and Ciliberti, A. (1988). Long-term carcinogenicity bioassays on styrene administered by inhalation, ingestion and injection and styrene oxide administered by ingestion in Sprague-Dawley rats, and para-methylstyrene administered by ingestion in Sprague-Dawley rats and mice. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 534, 203-234.
13. Cruzan, G., Cushman, J. R., Andrews, L. S., Granville, G. C., Johnson, K. A., Hardy, C. J., Coombs, D. W., Mullins, P. A., and Brown, W. R. (1998). Chronic toxicity/oncogenicity study of styrene in CD rats by inhalation exposure for 104 weeks. Toxicol. Sci. 46, 266-281.
14. Cruzan, G., Cushman, J. R., Andrews, L. S., Granville, G. C., Johnson, K. A., Bevan, C., Hardy, C. J., Coombs, D. W., Mullins, P. A., and Brown, W. R. (2001). Chronic toxicity/oncogenicity study of styrene in CD-1 mice by inhalation exposure for 104 weeks. J. Appl. Toxicol. 21, 185-198.
15. Csanády, G. A., Mendrala, A. L., Nolan, R. J., and Filser, J. G. (1994). A physiologic pharmacokinetic model for styrene and styrene-7,8-oxide in mouse, rat and man. Arch. Toxicol. 68, 143-157.
16. Csanády, G. A., Kessler, W., Hoffmann, H. D., and Filser, J. G. (2003). A toxicokinetic model for styrene and its metabolite styrene-7,8-oxide in mouse, rat and human with special emphasis on the lung. Toxicol. Lett. 138, 75-102.
17. Dhawan-Robl, M., Oberste-Frielinghaus, H., Csanády, Gy. A., and Filser, J. G. (2000). Depletion of pulmonary glutathione in mouse and rat caused by inhalation of styrene. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol. Suppl. 361, R139.
18. Filser, J. G., Kessler, W., Schwegler, U., Greim, H., and Hoffmann, H. D. (1992). Studies on toxicokinetics and macromolecular binding of styrene. Vol 1. Studies on the kinetics of styrene and styrene oxide in rats and mice. ECETOC, Special Report No. 3.
19. Filser, J. G., Schwegler, U., Csanády, Gy. A., Greim, H., Kreuzer, P. E., and Kessler, W. (1993). Species-specific pharmacokinetics of styrene in rat and mouse. Arch. Toxicol. 67, 517-530.
20. Filser, J. G., Kessler, W., and Csanad́y, Gy. A. (2002). Estimation of a possible tumorigenic risk of styrene from daily intake via food and ambient air. Toxicol. Lett. 126, 1-18.
21. Gamer, A. O., Leibold, E., Deckardt, K., Kittel, B., Kaufmann, W., Tennekes, H. A., and van Ravenzwaay, B. (2004). The effects of styrene on lung cells in female mice and rats. Food Chem. Toxicol. 42, 1655-1667.
22. Gram, T. E. (1997). Chemically reactive intermediates and pulmonary xenobiotic toxicity. Pharmacol. Rev. 49, 297-341.
23. Hynes, D. E., DeNicola, D. B., and Carlson, G. P. (1999). Metabolism of styrene by mouse and rat isolated lung cells. Toxicol. Sci. 51, 195-201.
24. IARC (1994). Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Some industrial chemicals, Volume 60, WHO, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
25. IARC (2002). Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Some traditional herbal medicines, some mycotoxins, naphthalene and styrene, Volume 82, WHO, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
26. Kaufmann,W., Mellert,W., van Ravenzwaay, B., Landsiedel, R., and Poole, A. (2005). Effects of styrene and its metabolites on different lung compartments of the mouse-cell proliferation and histomorphology. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 42, 24-36.
27. Kessler,W., Jiang, X., and Filser, J. G. (1990). Direct determination of styrene-7,8-oxide in blood by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. J. Chromatogr. 534, 67-75.
28. Kessler,W., Jiang, X., and Filser, J. G. (1992). Pharmacokinetik von Styrol-7,8-oxid bei Maus und Ratte. In: Kreutz R. & Piekarski C., eds, 32nd Annual Meeting of the German Society of Occupational Medicine, Köln, 1992, Stuttgart, Gentner Verlag, pp. 622-626.
29. Langvardt, P. W., and Nolan, R. J. (1991). Determination of styrene-7,8-oxide in whole blood by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. 567, 93-103.
30. Lijinsky, W. (1986). Rat and mouse forestomach tumors induced by chronic oral administration of styrene oxide. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 77, 471-476.
31. Löf, A., Gullstrand, E., Lundgren, E., and Nordqvist, M. B. (1984). Occurrence of styrene-7,8-oxide and styrene glycol in mouse after the administration of styrene. Scand. J. Work Environ. Health 10, 179-187.
32. Manini, P., Andreoli, R., Poli, D., De Palma, G., Mutti, A., and Niessen, W. M. (2002). Liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry characterization of styrene metabolism in man and in rat. Rapid. Commun. Mass Spectrom. 16, 2239-2248.
33. Mendrala, A. L., Langvardt, P.W., Nitschke, K. D., Quast, J. F., and Nolan, R. J. (1993). In vitro kinetics of styrene and styrene oxide metabolism in rat, mouse, and human. Arch. Toxicol. 67, 18-27.
34. Morgan, D. L., Mahler, J. F., Dill, J. A., Price, H. C., Jr., O'Connor, R. W., and Adkins, B. Jr. (1993). Styrene inhalation toxicity studies in mice. II. Sex differences in susceptibility of B6C3F1 mice. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 21,317-325.
35. Nakajima, T.,Wang, R. S., Elovaara, E., Gonzalez, F. J., Gelboin, H. V., Vainio, H., and Aoyama, T. (1994). CYP2C11 and CYP2B1 are major cytochrome P450 forms involved in styrene oxidation in liver and lung microsomes from untreated rats, respectively. Biochem. Pharmacol. 48, 637-642.
36. Oberste-Frielinghaus, H., Dhawan-Robl, M., Pütz, C., Csanády, Gy. A., Baur, C., and Filser, J. G. (1999). Metabolism of styrene and racemic styrene-7,8- oxide in microsomes and cytosol of lung obtained from mouse, rat and human. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol. Suppl. 359, R157.
37. Pantarotto, C., Fanelli, R., Bidoli, F., Morazzoni, P., Salmona, M., and Szczawinska, K. (1978). Arene oxides in styrene metabolism, a new perspective in styrene toxicity? Scand. J. Work Environ. Health 4(Suppl. 2), 67-77.
38. Pfäffli, P., Hesso, A., Vainio, H., and Hyvonen, M. (1981). 4-Vinylphenol excretion suggestive of arene oxide formation in workers occupationally exposed to styrene. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 60, 85-90.
39. Phimister, A. J., Williams, K. J., Van Winkle, L. S., and Plopper, C. G. (2005). Consequences of abrupt glutathione depletion in murine Clara cells: Ultrastructural and biochemical investigations into the role of glutathione loss in naphthalene cytotoxicity. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 314, 506-513.
40. Plummer, J. L., Smith, B. R., Sies, H., and Bend, J. R. (1981). Chemical depletion of glutathione in vivo. Methods Enzymol. 77, 50-59.
41. Plopper, C. G., Van Winkle, L. S., Fanucchi, M. V., Malburg, S. R. C., Nishio, S. J., Chang, A., and Buckpitt, A. R. (2001). Early events in naphthaleneinduced acute clara cell toxicity II. Comparison of glutathione depletion and histopathology by airway location. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 24, 272-281.
42. Ponomarkov, V., Cabral, J., Wahrendorf, J., and Galendo, D. (1984). A carcinogenicity study of styrene-7,8-oxide in rats. Cancer Lett. 24, 95-101.
43. Rahman, Q., Abidi, P., Afaq, F., Schiffmann, D., Mossman, B. T., Kamp, D.W., and Athar, M. (1999). Glutathione redox system in oxidative lung injury. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 29, 543-568.
44. Salmona, M., Pachecka, J., Cantoni, L., Belvedere, G., Mussini, E., and Garattini, S. (1976). Microsomal styrene mono-oxygenase and styrene epoxide hydrase activities in rats. Xenobiotica 6, 585-591.
45. Sarangapani, R., Teeguarden, J. G., Cruzan, G., Clewell, H. J., and Andersen, M. E. (2002). Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of styrene and styrene oxide respiratory-tract dosimetry in rodents and humans. Inhalat. Toxicol. 14, 789-834.
46. Sumner, S. J., and Fennell, T. R. (1994). Review of the metabolic fate of styrene. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 24(Suppl.), S11-S33.
47. Turner, M., Mantick, N. A., and Carlson, G. P. (2005). Comparison of the depletion of glutathione in mouse liver and lung following administration of styrene and its metabolites styrene oxide and 4-vinylphenol. Toxicology 206, 383-388.
48. Uhlig, S., and Wollin, L. (1994). An improved setup for the isolated perfused rat lung. J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Methods 31, 85-94.
49. Uhlig, S., and Heiny, O. (1995). Measuring the weight of the isolated perfused rat lung during negative pressure ventilation. J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Methods 33, 147-152.
50. Vassallo, J. D., Hicks, S. M., Born, S. L., and Daston, G. P. (2004). Roles for epoxidation and detoxification of coumarin in determining species differences in clara cell toxicity. Toxicol. Sci. 82, 26-33.
51. von Bethmann, A. N., Brasch, F., Nusing, R., Vogt, K., Volk, H. D,Müller, K. M., Wendel, A., and Uhlig, S. (1998). Hyperventilation induces release of cytokines from perfused mouse lung. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 157, 263-272.
52. Vodicka, P., Koskinen, M., Vodickova, L., Stetina, R., Smerak, P., Barta, I., and Hemminki, K. (2001). DNA adducts, strand breaks and micronuclei in mice exposed to styrene by inhalation. Chem. Biol. Interact. 137, 213-227.
53. West, J. A. A., Buckpitt, A. R., and Plopper, C. G. (2000). Elevated airway GSH resynthesis confers protection to Clara cells from naphthalene injury in mice made tolerant by repeated exposures. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 294, 516-523.