Synthesis and pH-sensitive luminescence of bis-terpyridyl iridium(III) complexes incorporating pendent pyridyl groups

Inorganica Chimica Acta

Volumn 359, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 1222-1232

  Arm, Kathryn J ^a   Leslie, Wendy ^a   Williams, J A Gareth ^a  

^a DURHAM UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Iridium complexes; Luminescence; pH Sensor; Synthesis; Terpyridines

Indexed keywords

EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITED STATES; LIGANDS; LUMINESCENCE; ORGANIC POLYMERS; PH SENSORS; RED SHIFT; SYNTHESIS (CHEMICAL);

ANALOGOUS COMPLEXES; HETEROLEPTIC COMPLEXES; HOMOLEPTIC COMPLEX; IRIDIUM COMPLEX; LUMINESCENCE LIFETIME; PROTONATION STATE; RED-SHIFTED EMISSION; TERPYRIDINES;

IRIDIUM COMPOUNDS;

EID: 32444446203     PISSN: 00201693     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2005.09.021     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. For a general discussion of the concept of time-resolved detection and lifetime-based sensing using luminescent transition metal complexes, see, for example, J.R. Lakowicz Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy second ed. 1999 Kluwer Academic/Plenum Press New York (Chapter 20)
2. J.N. Demas, and B.A. DeGraff Coord. Chem. Rev. 211 2001 317
3. M.H. Keefe, K.D. Benkstein, and J.T. Hupp Coord. Chem. Rev. 205 2000 201
4. Y. Shen, and B.P. Sullivan J. Chem. Educ. 74 1997 685
5. J.N. Demas, and B.A. DeGraff J. Chem. Educ. 74 1997 690
6. For example, many are listed in R.P. Haughland Handbook of Fluorescent Probes and Research Chemicals sixth ed. 1996 Molecular Probes Eugene, OR
7. N.P. Ayala, C.M. Flynn Jr., L. Sacksteder, J.N. Demas, and B.A. DeGraff J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 1990 3837
8. J.-P. Collin, I.M. Dixon, J.-P. Sauvage, J.A.G. Williams, F. Barigelletti, and L. Flamigni J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121 1999 5009
9. 3+ unit has been used successfully as a photoactive centre in the construction of diads and triads for the generation of long-lived charge-separated states: L. Flamigni, I.M. Dixon, J.-P. Collin, and J.-P. Sauvage Chem. Commun. 2000 2479
10. E. Baranoff, L. Flamigni, J.-P. Collin, and J.-P. Sauvage Chem. Soc. Rev. 33 2004 147
11. For a representive example of current interest in tris-cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes for this purpose: S. Lamansky, P. Djurovich, D. Murphy, F. Abdel-Razzaq, H.-E. Lee, C. Adachi, P.E. Burrows, S.R. Forrest, and M.E. Thompson J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123 2001 4304
12. 3+ complexes, has also been reported: A.J. Wilkinson, A.E. Goeta, C.E. Foster, and J.A.G. Williams Inorg. Chem. 43 2004 6513
13. 6-coordinated iridium complexes and cyclometalated analogues are discussed in the following review: I.M. Dixon, J.-P. Collin, J.-P. Sauvage, L. Flamigni, S. Encinas, and F. Barigelletti Chem. Soc. Rev. 29 2000 385
14. M. Licini, and J.A.G. Williams Chem. Commun. 1999 1943
15. Part of the work described here was communicated at the 7th International Symposium on the Chemistry of the Platinum Group Metals, Southampton, July 2002.
16. W. Goodall, and J.A.G. Williams J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 2000 2893
17. For example, bis-terpyridyl iridium(III) complexes have been attached covalently to biological molecules such as serum albumin proteins: K.K.-W. Lo, C.-K. Chung, D.C.-M. Ng, and N. Zhu New J. Chem. 26 2002 81
18. A review of classical methods for synthesising 4′-aryl terpyridines is provided by A.M.W. Cargill Thompson Coord. Chem. Rev. 160 1997 1
19. L. Persaud, and G. Barbiero Can. J. Chem. 69 1991 315
20. E.C. Constable, and A.M.W. Cargill Thompson J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1992 2947
21. J.C. Boehm, J.M. Smietana, M.E. Sorenson, R.S. Garigipati, T.F. Gallagher, P.L. Sheldrake, J. Bradbeer, A.M. Badger, J.T. Laydon, J.C. Lee, L.M. Hillegass, D.E. Griswold, J.J. Breton, M.C. Chabot-Fletcher, and J.L. Adams J. Med. Chem. 39 1996 3929
22. H. Yamanaka, H. Abe, T. Sakamoto, H. Hiranuma, and A. Kamata Chem. Pharm. Bull. 25 1977 1821
23. M.A. Amrollahi Biyouki, R.A.J. Smith, J.J. Bedford, and J.P. Leader Synth. Commun. 28 1998 3817
24. W. Goodall, K. Wild, K.J. Arm, and J.A.G. Williams J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2 2002 1669
25. W. Leslie, A.S. Batsanov, J.A.K. Howard, and J.A.G. Williams Dalton Trans. 2004 623
26. For example, in ruthenium(II) bis-terpyridyl complexes: E.C. Constable, A.M.W. Cargill Thompson, D.A. Tocher, and M.A.M. Daniels New J. Chem. 16 1992 855
27. M. Maestri, N. Armaroli, V. Balzani, E.C. Constable, and A.M.W. Cargill Thompson Inorg. Chem. 34 1995 2759
28. + and analogues; see for example, K. Kalyanasundaram Photochemistry of Polypyridine and Porphyrin Complexes 1992 Academic Press London (Chapter 7)
29. For a general discussion of dual emission, see, for example: A.I. Baba, J.R. Shaw, J.A. Simon, R.P. Thummel, and R.H. Schmehl Coord. Chem. Rev. 171 1998 43
30. 2+ ions: S.C. Burdette, and S.J. Lippard Coord. Chem. Rev. 216-217 2001 333
31. Along a similar vein, the extension of a pH-sensitive phenanthroline chromophore to copper(II) sensing has been reported recently: T. Gunnlaugsson, J.P. Leonard, K. Sénéchal, and A.J. Harte J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125 2003 12062
32. T. Gunnlaugsson, J.P. Leonard, K. Sénéchal, and A.J. Harte Chem. Commun. 2004 782
33. 3 gives no reaction under these conditions; W. Goodall, M. Sci. Thesis, University of Durham, 2000.
34. a values in aqueous solution at 20°C: D.R. Lide CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 77th ed. 1996 CRC Press Inc. Boca Raton, FL
35. E.C. Constable, and A.M.W. Cargill Thompson J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1994 1409
36. A.M.W. Cargill Thompson, M.C.C. Smailes, J.C. Jeffery, and M.D. Ward J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1997 737
37. L. Flamigni, B. Ventura, F. Barigelletti, E. Baranoff, J.-P. Collin, and J.-P. Sauvage Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2005 1312
38. A switch to an ILCT excited state has been observed for bis-terpyridyl iridium complexes incorporating electron-donating 4-dimethylaminophenyl and pyren-2-yl substituents at the 4′-position of the terpyridine: W. Leslie, R.A. Poole, P.R. Murray, L.J. Yellowlees, A. Beeby, and J.A.G. Williams Polyhedron 23 2004 2769
39. W. Spahni, and G. Calzaferri Helv. Chim. Acta 67 1984 450
40. E.C. Constable, and M.D. Ward Inorg. Chim. Acta 141 1988 201
41. C.J. Aspley, and J.A.G. Williams New J. Chem. 25 2001 1136