Effect of second-generation antipsychotics on employment and productivity in individuals with schizophrenia:An economic perspective

PharmacoEconomics

Volumn 22, Issue 11, 2004, Pages 701-718

  Percudani, Mauro ^a,c   Barbui, Corrado ^b   Tansella, Michele ^b  

^a Hospital of Legnano   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF VERONA   (Italy)

^c Legnano Hospital   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMISULPRIDE; CLOZAPINE; HALOPERIDOL; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; OLANZAPINE; QUETIAPINE; RISPERIDONE; ZIPRASIDONE;

AGRANULOCYTOSIS; ANTICHOLINERGIC EFFECT; BLOOD DYSCRASIA; CAREGIVER; CLINICAL TRIAL; COGNITION; COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; DIABETES MELLITUS; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG TOLERABILITY; ECONOMIC ASPECT; EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SYMPTOM; FAMILY; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HEALTH CARE; HEALTH CARE COST; HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; HYPERLIPIDEMIA; MENTAL PATIENT; META ANALYSIS; METABOLIC DISORDER; NEGATIVE SYNDROME; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; NEUROLOGICAL COMPLICATION; POSITIVE SYNDROME; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PRODUCTIVITY; QUALITY OF LIFE; REVIEW; SCHIZOAFFECTIVE PSYCHOSIS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SCHIZOPHRENIFORM DISORDER; SIDE EFFECT; UNEMPLOYMENT; VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION; WEIGHT GAIN;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS; EMPLOYMENT; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PREVALENCE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS; REHABILITATION, VOCATIONAL; SCHIZOPHRENIA; UNEMPLOYMENT;

EID: 3242880554     PISSN: 11707690     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/00019053-200422110-00002     Document Type: Review

References (93)

1. Domino ME, Frank RG, Rosenheck R. The diffusion of new antipsychotic medications and formulary policy. Schizophr Bull 2003; 29: 95-104
2. Knapp M. The costs of mental disorders. In: Thornicroft G, Szmukler G, editors. Textbook of community psychiatry. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001
3. World Health Organization (WHO). Global estimates for health situation assessment and projects. Geneva: WHO, 1990
4. Meltzer HY, Gill B, Petticrew M, et al. The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among adults living in private households. London: HMSO, 1995
5. Meltzer HY, Gill B, Petticrew M, et al. The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among adults living in institutions. London: HMSO, 1996
6. Lindstrom E, Bingefors K. Patient compliance with drug therapy in schizophrenia. Pharmacoeconomics 2000; 18 (2): 105-24
7. Keith S, Regier D, Rae D. Schizophrenic disorders. In: Robins L, Regier D, editors. Psychiatric disorders in America. New York: Free Press, 1991: 33-52
8. Borga P, Widerlof B, Stefansson C, et al. Social conditions in a total population with long-term functional psychosis in three different areas of Stockholm country. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1992; 85: 465-73
9. Piccinelli M, Gomez Homez F. Gender differences in the epidemiology of affective disorders and schizophrenia. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1997
10. Rice DP, Miller LS. Health economics and cost implications of anxiety and other mental disorders in the United States. Br J Psychiatry 1998; 173 Suppl. 34: 4-9
11. Knapp M, Chisholm D, Leese M, et al. Comparing patterns and costs of schizophrenia care in five European countries: the EPSILON Study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2002; 105: 42-54
12. Knapp M. Costs of schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 1997; 171: 509-18
13. Rouillon F, Dansette GY, Le Floch C. Etude de la prise en charge therapeutique des schizophrenes et de son cout. L'Encephale 1994; 20: 303-9
14. Evers SM, Ament AJ. Costs of schizophrenia in the Netherlands. Schizophr Bull 1995; 21: 141-53
15. Tarricone R, Gerzeli S, Montanelli R, et al. Direct and indirect costs of schizophrenia in community psychiatric services in Italy: the GISIES study. Health Policy 2000; 51: 1-18
16. Percudani M, Gerzeli S, Massagrandi R, et al. Costi ed esito dell'assistenza nei soggetti con disturbo mentale grave [Costs and outcome of care in subjects with a severe mental disorder]. Epidemiol Psichiatr Soc 2003; 12: 175-86
17. Foster K, Meltzer H, Gill B, et al. Adults with a psychotic disorder living in the community, OPCS survey of psychiatric morbidity report 8. London: HMSO, 1996
18. McCreadie RG. The Nithsdale schizophrenia surveys. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 1992; 27: 40-5
19. Koopmanschap MA, Rutten FFH, van Ineveld BM, et al. The friction cost method for measuring indirect costs of disease. J Health Econ 1995; 14: 171-89
20. Drummond MF, O'Brien BJ, Stoddart GL, et al. Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997
21. Johanneson M, Karlsson G. The friction cost method: a comment. J Health Econ 1997; 16: 249-55
22. Wyatt RJ, Henter I, Leary MC, et al. An economic evaluation of schizophrenia. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 1995; 30: 196-205
23. Davies LM, Drummond MF. Economics and schizophrenia: the real cost. Br J Psychiatry 1994; 165 Suppl. 25: 18-21
24. Rouillon F, Toumi M, Dansette GY, et al. Some aspects of the costs of schizophrenia. Pharmacoeconomics 1997; 11: 578-94
25. Patel A, Knapp MRJ. Costs of mental illness in England. Mental Health Research Review 1998; 5: 4-10
26. Creed F, Mbaya P, Lancashire S, et al. Cost effectiveness of day and inpatient psychiatric treatment: results of a randomized controlled trial. BMJ 1997; 314: 1381-5
27. Franks DD. Economic contribution of families caring for person with severe mental illness. Adm Policy Ment Health 1990; 18: 9-18
28. McGuire T. Measuring the economic costs of schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1991; 17: 375-8
29. Kavanagh SM, Opit L, Knapp MRJ, et al. Schizophrenia: shifting the balance of care. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 1995; 30: 206-12
30. Fisher GA, Benson PR, Tessler RC. Family response to mental illness: developments since deinstitutionalisation. Res Community Ment Health 1990; 6: 203-36
31. Yarrow M, Schwartz CG, Murphy S. The psychological meaning of mental illness in the family. J Soc Issues 1955; 2: 33-48
32. Fadden GB, Bebbington PE, Kuipers E. The burden of care: the impact of functional psychiatric illness on the patient's family. Br J Psychiatry 1987; 150: 285-92
33. Schene AH, Tessler RC, Gamache GM. Caregiving in severe mental illness: conceptualisation and measurement. In: Knudsen HC, Thornicroft G, editors. Mental health service evaluation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996
34. Magliano L, Fadden G, Madianos M, et al. Burden on the families of patients with schizophrenia: results of the BIOMED I study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 1998; 33: 405-12
35. van Wijngaarden B, Schene A, Koeter M, et al. People with schizophrenia in five countries: conceptual similarities and intercultural differences in family caregiving. Schizophr Bull 2003; 29: 573-86
36. Crowther RE, Marshall M, Bond GR, et al. Helping people with severe mental illness to obtain work: systematic review. BMJ 2001; 322: 204-8
37. Thornicroft G, Tansella M. The implications of epidemiology for service planning in schizophrenia. In: Murray R, Jones P, Susser E, et al. editors1. The epidemiology of schizophrenia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002: 411-26
38. Cook JA, Razzano L. Vocational rehabilitation for persons with schizophrenia: recent research and implications for practice. Schizophr Bull 2000; 26: 87-103
39. Polak P, Warner R. The economic life of seriously mentally ill people in the community. Psychiatr Serv 1996; 47: 270-4
40. Cook JA, Pickett SA, Razzano L, et al. Rehabilitation services for persons with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Ann 1996; 26: 97-104
41. Bond GR. Vocational rehabilitation. In: Liberman RP, editor. Handbook of psychiatric rehabilitation. New York: Macmillan, 1992
42. Becker DR, Drake RE, Concord NH. Individual placement and support: a community mental health center approach to vocational rehabilitation. Community Ment Health J 1994; 30: 193-206
43. Thornicroft G, Tansella M. Balancing community-based and hospital-based mental health care. World Psychiatry 2002; 1: 84-90
44. Schultz SK, Andreasen NC. Schizophrenia. Lancet 1999; 353: 1425-30
45. Hegarty J, Baldessarini RJ, Tohen M, et al. One hundred years of schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of the outcome literature. Am J Psychiatry 1994; 151: 1409-16
46. Boshes RA, Manschreck TC. Review of antipsychotic medication administration: a proposal for intermittent dosing. Schizophr Bull 2002; 28: 203-22
47. Llorca P-M, Chereau I, Bayle F-J, et al. Tardive dyskinesias and antipsychotics: a review. Eur Psychiatry 2002; 17: 129-38
48. Chakos MH, Alvir JM, Woerner MG, et al. Incidence and correlates of tardive dyskinesia in first episode of schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995; 53: 313-9
49. Lehman AF. Developing an outcome-oriented approach for the treatment of schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry 1999; 60 Suppl. 19: 30-5
50. Baldessarini RJ, Tarazi FI. Drugs and the treatment of psychiatric disorders: antipsychotic and antimanic agents. In: Hardman JG, Limbird LE, Gilman AG, editors. The pharmacologic basis of therapeutics. New York: McGraw-Hill Press, 2001
51. Munro J, O'Sullivan D, Andrews C, et al. Active monitoring of 12760 clozapine recipients in the UK and Ireland: beyond pharmacovigilance. Br J Psychiatry 1999; 175: 576-80
52. Wahlbeck K, Cheine M, Essali A, et al. Evidence of clozapine's effectiveness in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. Am J Psychiatry 1999; 156: 990-9
53. Taylor D, McConnell D, McConnell H, et al. The Maudsley prescribing guidelines. 6th ed. London: Martin Dunitz, 2001
54. Barbui C, Danese A, Guaiana G, et al. Prescribing second-generation antipsychotics and the evolving standard of care in Italy. Pharmacopsychiatry 2002; 6: 239-43
55. Kapur S, Remington G. Atypical antipsychotics: patients value the lower incidence of extrapyramidal side effects. BMJ 2000; 321: 1360-1
56. Leucht S, Pitschel-Walz G, Abraham D, et al. Efficacy and extrapyramidal side-effects of the new antipsychotics olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, and sertindole compared to conventional antipsychotics and placebo: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Schizophr Res 1999; 35: 51-68
57. Miller AL, Chiles JA, Chiles JK, et al. Texas medication algorithm project (TMAP) schizophrenia algorithms. J Clin Psychiatry 1999; 60: 649-57
58. Volavka J, Czobor P, Sheitman B, et al. Clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, and haloperidol in the treatment of patients with chronic schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2002; 159: 255-62
59. Geddes J, Freemantle N, Harrison P, et al. Atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia: systematic overview and meta-regression analysis. BMJ 2000; 321: 1371-6
60. Leucht S, Wahlbeck K, Hamann J, et al. New generation antipsychotics versus low-potency conventional antipsychotics: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2003; 361: 1581-9
61. Davis JM, Chen N, Glick ID. A meta-analysis of the efficacy of second-generation antipsychotics. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003; 60: 553-64
62. Rund BR, Borg NE. Cognitive deficits and cognitive training in schizophrenic patients: a review. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1999; 100: 85-95
63. Jaeger J, Douglas E. Neuropsychiatric rehabilitation for persistent mental illness. Psychiatr Q 1992; 63: 71-94
64. Goldman RS, Axelrod BN, Tandon R, et al. Neuropsychological prediction of treatment efficacy and one-year outcome in schizophrenia. Psychopathology 1993; 126: 122-6
65. Hagger C, Buckley P, Kenny JT, et al. Improvement in cognitive functions and psychiatric symptoms in treatment-refractory schizophrenia patients receiving clozapine. Biol Psychiatry 1993; 34: 702-12
66. Brekke JS, Raine A, Ansel M, et al. Neuropsychological and psychophysiological correlates of psychosocial functioning in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1997; 23: 19-28
67. Meltzer HY, McGurk SR. The effect of clozapine, risperidone, and olanzapine on cognitive function in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1999; 25: 233-55
68. Green MF, Kern RS, Braff DL, et al. Neurocognitive deficits and functional outcome in schizophrenia: are we measuring the "right stuff"? Schizophr Bull 2000; 26: 119-36
69. Green MF. What are the functional consequences of neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia? Am J Psychiatry 1996; 153: 321-30
70. Bilder RM, Goldman RS, Robinson D, et al. Neuropsychology of first-episode schizophrenia: initial characterization and clinical correlates. Am J Psychiatry 2000; 157: 549-59
71. Weiss E, Kemmler G, Fleischhacker WW. Improvement of cognitive dysfunction after treatment with second-generation antipsychotics. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002; 59: 572-3
72. Kern RS, Green MF, Marshall Jr BD, et al. Risperidone vs Haloperidol on reaction time, manual dexterity and motor learning in treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients. Biol Psychiatry 1998; 44: 726-32
73. Green MF, Marshall BD, Wirshing WC. Does risperidone improve verbal working memory in treatment-resistant schizophrenia? Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154: 799-804
74. Purdon SE, Jones BDW, Stip E, et al. Neuropsychological change in early phase schizophrenia during 12 months of treatment with olanzapine, risperidone, or haloperidol. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000; 57: 249-58
75. Bilder RM, Goldman RS, Volavka J, et al. Neurocognitive effects of clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, and haloperidol in patients with chronic schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2002; 159: 1018-28
76. Harvey PD, Keefe RSE. Studies of cognitive change in patients with schizophrenia following novel antipsychotics treatment. Am J Psychiatry 2001; 158: 176-84
77. Weiss EM, Bilder RM, Fleischhacker WW. The effects of second-generation antipsychotics on cognitive functioning and psychosocial outcome in schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology 2002; 162: 11-7
78. Aitchison KJ, Kerwin RW. Cost-effectiveness of clozapine: a UK clinic-based study. Br J Psychiatry 1997; 171: 125-30
79. Buchanan RW, Breier A, Kirkpatrick B, et al. Positive and negative symptom response to clozapine in schizophrenic patients with and without the deficit syndrome. Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155: 751-60
80. Drew LHR, Hodgson DM, Griffith KM. Clozapine in community practice: a 3-year follow-up study in the Australian Capital Territory. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 1999; 33: 667-75
81. Hamilton SH, Edgell ET, Revicki DA, et al. Functional outcomes in schizophrenia: a comparison of olanzapine and haloperidol in a European sample. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2000; 15: 245-55
82. Lindstrom LH. The effect of long-term treatment with clozapine in schizophrenia: a retrospective study in 96 patients treated with clozapine for up to 13 years. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1988; 77: 524-9
83. Lindstrom LH, Lundberg T. Long-term effect on outcome of clozapine in chronic therapy-resistant schizophrenic patients. Eur Psychiatry 1997; 12 Suppl. 5: 353s-5s
84. Malla AK, Norman RMG, Kotteda V, et al. Switching from therapy with typical antipsychotic agents to risperidone: long-term impact on patient outcome. Clin Ther 1999; 21: 806-17
85. Malla AK, Norman RMG, Scholten DJ, et al. A comparison of long-term outcome in first-episode schizophrenia following treatment with risperidone or a typical antipsychotics. J Clin Psychiatry 2001; 62: 179-84
86. Meltzer HY, Burnett S, Bastani B, et al. Effects of six months of clozapine treatment on the quality of life of chronic schizophrenic patients. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1990; 41: 892-7
87. Meltzer HY, Cola P, Way L, et al. Cost-effectiveness of clozapine in AP-resistant schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1993; 150: 1630-8
88. Meyer PS, Bond GR, Tunis SL, et al. Comparison between the effects of atypical and traditional antipsychotics on work status for clients in a psychiatric rehabilitation program. J Clin Psychiatry 2002; 63: 108-16
89. Noordsy DL, O'Keefe C. Effectiveness of combining atypical antipsychotics and psychosocial rehabilitation in a community mental health centre setting. J Clin Psychiatry 1999; 60 Suppl. 19: 47-51
90. Rosenheck R, Cramer J, Xu W, et al. A comparison of clozapine and haloperidol in hospitalised patients with refractory schizophrenia. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 809-15
91. Tollefson GD, Beasley CM, Tran PV, et al. Olanzapine versus haloperidol in the treatment of schizophrenia, schizoaffective and schizophreniform disorders: results of an international collaborative trial. Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154: 457-65
92. Kerwin RW. The role of atypical antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia. Psychiatric Bull 2001; 25: 281-2
93. Lewis DA. Atypical antipsychotic medications and the treatment of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 2002; 159: 177-9