New prospects in myocardial surgical revascularization;Nuevas expectativas en la revascularización miocárdica quirúrgica

Revista Espanola de Cardiologia

Volumn 58, Issue 12, 2005, Pages 1459-1468

  Galiñanes, Manuel ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Angiogenic therapy; Angioplasty; Coronary bypass graft surgery; Myocardial revascularization

Indexed keywords

ANGIOPLASTY; ARTERY GRAFT; CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS SURGERY; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; DRUG ELUTING STENT; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; HEALTH CARE DELIVERY; HEART DENERVATION; HEART MUSCLE REVASCULARIZATION; HUMAN; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; OFF PUMP CORONARY SURGERY; OUTCOMES RESEARCH; RANDOMIZATION; REVIEW; ROBOTICS; STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE;

EID: 32044452669     PISSN: 03008932     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/s0300-8932(05)74076-8     Document Type: Review

References (140)

1. Yusuf S, Zucker D, Peduzzi P, Fisher LD, Takaro T, Kennedy JW, et al. Effect of coronary artery bypass graft surgery on survival: overview of 10-year results from randomised trials by the Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Trialists Collaboration. Lancet. 1994;344:563-70.
2. Moses JW, Leon MB, Popma JJ, Fitzgerald PJ, Holmes DR, O'Shaughnessy C, et al. Sirolimus-eluting stents versus standard stents in patients with stenosis in a native coronary artery. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:1315-23.
3. Babapulle MN, Joseph L, Belisle P, Brophy JM, Eisenberg MJ. A hierarchical Bayesian meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials of drug-eluting stents. Lancet. 2004;364:558-9.
4. Stone GW, Ellis SG, Cox DA, Hermiller J, O'Shaughnessy C, Mann JT, et al. One-year clinical results with the slow release, polyner-based, paclitaxel-eluting TAXUS stent: the TAXUS-IV trial. Circulation. 2004;109:1942-7.
5. Windecker S, Remondino A, Eberli FR, Juni P, Raber L, Wenaweser P, et al. Sirolimus-eluting and paclitaxel-eluting stents for coronary revascularization. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:653-62.
6. Dibra A, Kastrati A, Mehilli J, Pache J, Schuhlen H, Von Beckerath N, et al. Paclitaxel-eluting or sirolimus-eluting stents to prevent restenosis in diabetic patients. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:663-70.
7. Taggart DP. Angioplasty versus bypass surgery. Lancet. 1996;347:271-2.
8. Brener SJ, Lytle BW, Casserly IP, Schneider JP, Topol EJ, Lauer MS. Propensity analysis of long-term survival after surgical or percutaneous revascularization in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease and high-risk features. Circulation. 2004;109:2290-5.
9. Niles NW, McGrath PD, Malenka D, Quinton H, Wennberg D, Shubrooks SJ, et al. Survival of patients with diabetes and multivessel coronary artery disease after surgical or percutaneous revascularization: results of a large regional prospective study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;37:1008-15.
10. Loop FD, Lytle BW, Cosgrove DM, Stewart RW, Goormastic M, Williams GW, et al. Influence of the internal mammary artery graft on 10-year survival and other cardiac events. N Engl J Med. 1986;314:1-6.
11. Cameron A, Davis KB, Green G, Schaff HV. Coronary bypass surgery with internal-thoracic-artery-grafts: effects on survival over a 15-year period. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:216-9.
12. Fitzgibbon GM, Kafka HB, Leach HA, Keon WJ, Hooper GD, Burton JR. Coronary bypass fate and patient outcome: angiographic follow-up of 5,065 grafts related to survival in reoperation in 1,388 patients during 25 years. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996;28:616-26.
13. Eagle KA, Guyton RA, Davidoff R, Ewy GA, Fonger J, Gardner TJ, et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for coronary artery bypass graft surgery: executive summary and recommendations. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 1999;100:1464-80.
14. Calafiore AM, Contini M, Vitolla G, Di Mauro M, Mazzei V, Teodori G, et al. Bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting: long-term clinical and angiographic results of in situ versus Y grafts. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2000; 120:990-8.
15. Dion R, Glineur D, Derouck D, Verhelst R, Noirhomme P, El Khoury G, et al. Long-term and angiographic follow-up of sequential internal thoracic artery grafting. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2000;17:407-14.
16. Sabik JF 3rd, Lytle BW, Blackstone EH, Houghtaling PL, Cosgrove DM. Comparison of saphenous vein and internal thoracic artery graft patency by coronary system. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005;79:544-51.
17. Johnson WD, Brenowitz JB, Kayser KL. Factors influencing long-term (10-year to 15-year) survival after a successful coronary artery bypass operation. Ann Thorac Surg. 1989;48:19-25.
18. Williams ML, Muhlbaier LH, Schroder JN, Hata JA, Peterson ED, Smith PK, et al. Clinical evaluation of single versus multiple mammary artery bypass. Circulation. 1990;82:S214-23.
19. Naunheim KS, Barnet HB, Fiore AC. 1990: Results of internal thoracic artery grafting over 15 years: single versus double grafts. 1992 update. Ann Thorac Surg. 1992;53:716-8.
20. Dewar LR, Jamieson WR, Janusz MT, Adeli-Sardo M, Germann E, MacNab JS, et al. Unilateral versus bilateral internal mammary revascularization. Survival and event-free performance. Circulation. 1995;92 Suppl 2:8-13.
21. Berreklouw E, Schonberger JP, Ercan H, Koldewijn EL, De Bock M, Verwaal VJ, et al. Does it make sense to use two internal thoracic arteries? Ann Thorac Surg. 1995;59:1456-63.
22. Pick AW, Orsulak TA, Anderson BJ, Schaff HV. Single versus bilateral internal mammary artery grafts: 10-year outcome analysis. Ann Thorac Surg. 1997;64:599-605.
23. Sergeant P, Blackstone E, Meyns B. Validation and interdependence with patient-variables of the influence of procedural variables on early and late survival after CABG. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 1997;12:1-19.
24. Buxton BF, Komeda M, Fuller JA, Gordon I. Bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting may improve outcome of coronary artery surgery: risk-adjusted survival. Circulation. 1998;98:S1-6.
25. Lytle BW, Blackstone EH, Loop FD, Houghtaling PL, Arnold JH, Akhrass R, et al. Two internal thoracic artery grafts are better than one. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1999;117:855-72.
26. Farinas JM, Carrier M, Hebert Y, Cartier R, Pellerin M, Perrault LP, et al. Comparison of long-term clinical results of double versus single internal mammary artery bypass grafting. Ann Thorac Surg. 1999;67:466-70.
27. Endo M, Nishida H, Tomizawa Y, Kasunaki H. Benefit of bilateral over single internal mammary artery grafts for multiple coronary artery bypass grafting. Circulation. 2001;104:2164-70.
28. Calafiore AM, Di Giammarco G, Teodori G, Di Mauro M, Iaco AL, Bivona A, et al. Late results of first myocardial revascularization in multiple vessel disease: single versus bilateral internal mammary artery with or without saphenous vein grafts. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2004;26:542-8.
29. Stevens LM, Carrier M, Perrault LP, Hebert Y, Cartier R, Bouchard D, et al. Single versus bilateral internal thoracic artery grafts with concomitant saphenous vein grafts for multivessel coronary artery bypass grafting: effects on mortality and event-free survival. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2004;127:1408-15.
30. Taggart DP, D'Amico R, Altman DG. Effect of arterial revascularisation on survival: a systematic review of studies comparing bilateral and single internal mammary arteries. Lancet. 2001;358:870-5.
31. Buxton BF, Ruengsakulrach P, Fuller J, Rosalion A, Reid CM, Tatoulis J. The right internal thoracic artery graft-benefits of grafting the left coronary system and native vessels with a high grade stenosis. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2000;18:255-61.
32. Schmidt SE, Jones JW, Thornby JI, Miller CC, Beal AC. Improved survival with multiple left-sided bilateral internal thoracic artery grafts. Ann Thorac Surg. 1997:64:9-15.
33. Kouchoukos NT, Wareing TH, Murphy SF, Pelate C, Marshall WG Jr. Risks of bilateral internal mammary artery bypass grafting. Ann Thorac Surg. 1990;49:210-7.
34. Detre KM, Lombardero MS, Brooks MM, Hardison RM, Helubkov R, Sopko G, et al. The effect of previous coronary-artery bypass surgery on the prognosis of patients with diabetes who have acute myocardial infarction. Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation Investigators. N Engl J Med. 2000; 342:989-97.
35. Endo M, Tomizawa Y, Nishida H. Bilateral versus unilateral internal mammary revascularization in patients with diabetes. Circulation. 2003;108:1343-9.
36. Lev-Ran O, Mohr R, Pevni D, Nesher N, Weissman Y, Loberman D, et al. Bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting in diabetic patients: short-term and long-term results of a 515-patient series. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2004;127:1145-50.
37. Calafiore AM, Di Mauro M, Di Giammarco G, Teodori G, Iaco AL, Mazzei V, et al. Single versus bilateral internal mammary artery for isolated first myocardial revascularization in multivessel disease: long-term clinical results in medically treated diabetic patients. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005;80:888-95.
38. Gurevitch J, Kramer A, Locker C, Shapira I, Paz Y, Matsa M, et al. Technical aspects of double-skeletonized internal mammary artery grafting. Ann Thorac Surg. 2000;69:841-6.
39. Peterson MD, Borger MA, Rao V, Peniston CM, Feindel CM. Skeletonization of bilateral internal thoracic artery grafts lowers the risk of sternal infection in patients with diabetes. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2003;126:1314-9.
40. Acar C, Ramsheyi A, Pagny JY, Jebara V, Barrier P, Fabiani JN, et al. The radial artery for coronary artery bypass grafting: clinical and angiographic results at five years. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1998;116:981-9.
41. Possati G, Gaudino M, Alessandrini F, Luciani N, Glieca F, Trani C, et al. Midterm clinical and angiographic results of radial artery grafts used for myocardial revascularization. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1998;116:1015-21.
42. Iaco AL, Teodori G, Di Giammarco G, Di Mauro M, Storto L, Mazzei V, et al. Radial artery for myocardial revascularization: long-term clinical and angiographic results. Ann Thorac Surg. 2001;72:464-8.
43. Possati G, Gaudino M, Prati F, Alessandrini F, Trani C, Glieca F, et al. Long-term results of the radial artery used for myocardial revascularization. Circulation. 2003;108:1350-4.
44. Da Costa ED, Da Costa IA, Poffo R, Abuchaim D, Gaspar R, García L, et al. Myocardial revascularization with the radial artery: a clinical and angiographic study. Ann Thorac Surg. 1996; 62:475-9.
45. Royse AG, Royse CF, Tatoulis J, Grigg LE, Shah P, Hunt D, et al. Postoperative radial artery angiography for coronary artery bypass surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2000;17:294-304.
46. Maniar HS, Sundt TM, Barner HB, Prasad SM, Peterson L, Absi T, et al. Effect of target stenosis and location on radial artery graft patency. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2002;123:45-52.
47. Khot UN, Friedman DT, Pettersson G, Smedira NG, Li J, Ellis SG. Radial artery bypass grafts have an increased occurrence of angiographically severe stenosis and occlusion compared with left internal mammary arteries and saphenous vein grafts. Circulation. 2004;109:2086-91.
48. Muneretto C, Negri A, Manfredi J, Terrini A, Rodella G, Elqarra S, et al. Safety and usefulness of composite grafts for total arterial myocardial revascularization: a prospective randomized evaluation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2003;125:826-35.
49. Acar C, Jebara VA, Portoghese M, Beyssen B, Pagny JY, Grare P, et al. Revival of the radial artery for coronary artery bypass grafting. Ann Thorac Surg. 1992;54:652-9.
50. Kirklin JK, Westaby S, Blackstone EH, Kirklin JW, Chenoweth DE, Pacifico AD. Complement and the damaging effects of cardiopulmonary bypass. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1983;86:845-57.
51. Hill GE, Alonso A, Spurzem JR, Stammers AH, Robbins RA. Aprotinin and methylprednisolone equally blunt cardiopulmonary bypass-induced inflammation in humans. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1995;110:1658-62.
52. Gu YJ, Van Oeveren W, Akkerman C, Boonstra PW, Huyzen RJ, Wildevuur CR. Heparin-coated circuits reduce the inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass. Ann Thorac Surg. 1993;55:917-22.
53. Millar AB, Armstrong L, Van der Linden J, Moat N, Ekroth R, Westwick J, et al. Cytokine production and hemofiltration in children undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. Ann Thorac Surg. 1993;56:1499-502.
54. Matata BM, Sosnowski AW, Galiñanes M. Off-pump bypass graft operation significantly reduce oxidative stress and inflammation. Ann Thorac Surg. 2000;69:785-91.
55. Trehan N, Mishra M, Sharma OP, Mishra A, Kasliwal RR. Further reduction in stroke after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: a 10-year experience. Ann Thorac Surg. 2001;72: S1026-32.
56. Ascione R, Williams S, Lloyd CT, Sundaramoorthi T, Pitsis AA, Angetini GD. Reduced postoperative blood loss and transfusion requirement after beating-heart coronary operations: a prospective randomized study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2001;121:689-96.
57. Angelini GD, Taylor FC, Reeves BC, Ascione R. Early and mid-term outcome after off-pump and on-pump surgery in Beating Heart Against Cardioplegic Arrest Studies (BHACAS 1 and 2): a pooled analysis of two randomised controlled trials. Lancet. 2002;359:1194-9.
58. Ascione R, Lloyd CT, Underwood MJ, Gomes WJ, Angelini GD. On-pump versus off-pump coronary revascularization: evaluation of renal function. Ann Thorac Surg. 1999;68:493-8.
59. Athanasiou T, Aziz O, Mangoush O, Al-Ruzzeh S, Nair S, Malinovski V, et al. Does off-pump coronary artery bypass reduce the incidence of post-operative atrial fibrillation? A question revisited. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2004;26:701-10.
60. Gerola LR, Buffolo E, Jasbik W, Botelho B, Bosco J, Brasil LA, et al. Off-pump versus on-pump myocardial revascularization in low-risk patients with one or two vessel disease: perioperative results in a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Ann Thorac Surg. 2004;77:569-73.
61. Legare JF, Buth KJ, King S, Wood J, Sullivan JA, Friesen CH, et al. Coronary bypass surgery performed off pump does not result in lower in-hospital morbidity than coronary artery bypass grafting performed on pump. Circulation. 2004;109:887-92.
62. Mathisen L, Andersen MH, Hol PK, Lingaas PS, Lundblad R, Rein KA, et al. Patient-reported outcome after randomisation to on-pump versus off-pump coronary artery surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005;79:1584-9.
63. Khan NE, De Souza A, Mister R, Flather M, Clague J, Davies S, et al. A randomized comparison of off-pump and on-pump multivessel coronary-artery bypass surgery. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:21-8.
64. Widimsky P, Straka Z, Stros P, Jirasek K, Dvorak J, Votava J, et al. One-year coronary bypass graft patency: a randomized comparison between off-pump and on-pump surgery angiographic results of the PRAGUE-4 trial. Circulation. 2004;110:3418-23.
65. Bell MR, Gersh BJ, Schaff HV, Holmes DR Jr, Fisher LD, Alderman EL, et al. Effect of completeness of revascularization on long-term outcome of patients with three-vessel disease undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. A report from the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) Registry. Circulation. 1992;86:446-57.
66. Scott R, Blackstone EH, McCarthy PM, Lytle BW, Loop ED, White JA, et al. Isolated bypass grafting of the left internal thoracic artery to the left anterior descending coronary artery: late consequences of incomplete revascularization. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2000;120:173-84.
67. Osswald BR, Blackstone EH, Tochtermann U, Schweiger P, Thomas G, Vahl CF, et al. Does the completeness of revascularization affect early survival after coronary artery bypass grafting in elderly patients? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2001;20:120-5.
68. Kleisli T, Cheng W, Jacobs MJ, Mirocha J, Derobertis MA, Kass RM, et al. In the current era, complete revascularization improves survival after coronary artery bypass surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2005;129:1283-91.
69. Racz MJ, Hannan EL, Isom OW, Subramanian VA, Jones RH, Gold JP, et al. A comparison of short- and long-term outcomes after off-pump and on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery with sternotomy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43:557-64.
70. Williams ML, Muhlbaier LH, Schroder JN, Hata JA, Peterson ED, Smith PK, et al. Risk-adjusted short- and long-term outcomes for on-pump versus off-pump coronary artery bypass. Circulation. 2005;112 Suppl I:366-70.
71. Stamou SC, Jablonski KA, Hill PC, Bafi AS, Boyce SW, Corso PJ. Coronary revascularization without cardiopulmonary bypass versus the conventional approach in high-risk patients. Ann Thorac Surg 2005;79:522-7.
72. Kunt AS, Darcin OT, Andac MH. Coronary artery bypass surgery in high-risk patients. Curr Control Trials Cardiovasc Med. 2005;6:13.
73. Srinivasan AK, Grayson AD, Fabri BM. On-pump versus off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in diabetic patients: a propensity score analysis. Ann Thorac Surg. 2004;78:1604-9.
74. Vermes E, Demaria RG, Martineau R, Cartier R, Pellerin M, Hebert Y, et al. Increased early postoperative morbidity with off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting surgery in patients with diabetes. Can J Cardiol. 2004;20:1461-5.
75. Gardner RS, Magovern GJ, Park SB, Dixon CM. Arterialization of coronary veins in the treatment of myocardial ischemia. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1974;68:273-82.
76. Bhayana JN, Olsen DB, Byrne JP, Kolff WJ. Reversal of myocardial ischemia by arterialisation of the coronary vein. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1974;67:125-32.
77. Schofield PM, Sharples LD, Caine N, Burns S, Tait S, Wistow T, et al. Transmyocardial laser revascularisation in patients with refractory angina: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 1999;353:519-24.
78. Burkhoff D, Schmidt S, Schulman SP, Myers J, Resar J, Becker LC, et al. Transmyocardial laser revascularisation compared with continued medical therapy for treatment of refractory angina pectoris: a prospective randomised trial. ATLANTIC Investigators. Angina Treatments-Lasers and Normal Therapies in Comparison. Lancet. 1999;354:885-90.
79. Frazier OH, March RJ, Horvath KA. Transmyocardial revascularization with a carbon dioxide laser in patients with end-stage coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:1021-8.
80. Allen KB, Dowling RD, Fudge TL, Schoettle GP, Selinger SL, Gangahar DM, et al. Comparison of transmyocardial revascularization with medical therapy in patients with refractory angina. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:1029-36.
81. Galinanes M, Loubani M, Sensky PR, Hassouna A, Cherryman GR, Leverment JN, et al. Efficacy of transmyocardial laser revascularization and thoracic sympathectomy for the treatment of refractory angina. Ann Thorac Surg. 2004;78:122-8.
82. Van der Sloot JA, Huikeshoven M, Tukkie R, Verberne HJ, Van der Meulen J, Van Eck-Smit BL, et al. Transmyocardial revascularization using an XeCl exciter laser: results of a randomized trial. Ann Thorac Surg. 2004;78:875-81.
83. Liao L, Sarria-Santamera A, Matchar DB, Huntington A, Lin S, Whellan DJ, et al. Meta-analysis of survival and relief of angina pectoris after transmyocardial revascularization. Am J Cardiol. 2005;95:1243-5.
84. Allen KB, Dowling RD, DelRossi AJ, Realyvasques F, Lefrak EA, Pfeffer TA, et al. Transmyocardial laser revascularization combined with coronary artery bypass grafting: a multicenter, blinded, prospective, randomized, controlled trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2000;119:540-9.
85. Loubani M, Chin D, Leverment JN, Galiñanes M. Mid-term results of combined transmyocardial laser revascularization and coronary artery bypass. Ann Thorac Surg. 2003;76:1163-6.
86. Cooley DA, Frazier OH, Kadipasaoglu KA, Lindenmeir MH, Pehlivanoglu S, Kolff JW, et al. Transmyocardial laser revascularization: clinical experience with twelve-month follow-up. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1996;111:791-7.
87. Mack CA, Magovern CJ, Hahn RT, Sanborn T, Lanning L, Ko W, et al. Channel patency and neovascularization after transmyocardial revascularization using excimer laser: results and comparisons to non-lased channels. Circulation. 1997;96 Suppl II:II65-9.
88. Gassler N, Wintzer HO, Stubbe HM, Wullbrand A, Helmchen U. Transmyocardial laser revascularization: histological features in human nonresponder myocardium. Circulation. 1997;95:371-5.
89. Kohmoto T, Fisher PE, Gu A, Zhu SM, Yano OJ, Spotnitz HM, et al. Does blood flow through holmium:YAG transmyocardial laser channels? Ann Thorac Surg. 1996;61:861-8.
90. Lutter G, Yoshitake M, Takahashi N, Nitzsche E, Martin J, Sarai K, et al. Transmyocardial laser-revascularization: experimental studies on prolonged acute regional ischemia. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 1998;13:694-701.
91. Rimoldi O, Burns SM, Rosen SD, Wistow TE, Schofield PM, Taylor G, et al. Measurement of myocardial blood flow with positron emission tomography before and after transmyocardial laser revascularization. Circulation. 1999;100:II134-8.
92. Frazier OH, Cooley DA, Kadipasaoglu KA, Pehlivanoglu S, Lindenmeir M, Barasch E, et al. Myocardial revascularization with laser. Preliminary findings. Circulation. 1995;92:II58-65.
93. Horvath KA, Mannting F, Cummings N, Shernan SK, Cohn LH. Transmyocardial laser revascularization: operative techniques and clinical results at two years. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1996;111:1047-53.
94. Horvath KA, Cohn LH, Cooley DA, Crew JR, Frazier OH, Griffith BP, et al. Transmyocardial laser revascularization: results of a multicenter trial with transmyocardial laser revascularization used as sole therapy for end-stage coronary artery disease. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1997;113:645-53.
95. Kwong KF, Kanellopoulos GK, Nickels JC, Pogwizd SM, Saffitz JE, Schuessier RB, et al. Transmyocardial laser treatment denervates canine myocardium. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1997;114:883-9.
96. Al-Sheikh T, Allen KB, Straka SP, Heimansohn DA, Fain RL, Hutchins GD, et al. Cardiac sympathetic denervation after transmyocardial laser revascularization. Circulation. 1999; 100:135-40.
97. Hirsch GM, Thompson GW, Arora RC, Hirsch KJ, Sullivan JA, Armour JA. Transmyocardial laser revascularization does not denervate the canine heart. Ann Thorac Surg. 1999;68:460-8.
98. Minisi AJ, Topaz O, Quinn MS, Mohanty LB. Cardiac nociceptive reflexes after transmyocardial laser revascularization: implications for the neural hypothesis of angina relief. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2001;122:712-9.
99. Yuh DD, Simon BA, Fernández-Bustamante A, Ramey N, Baumgartner WA. Totally endoscopic robot-assisted transmyocardial revascularization. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2005; 130:120-4.
100. Allen GS. Mid-term results after thoracoscopic transmyocardial laser revascularization. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005;80:553-8.
101. Klein HM, Ghodsizad A, Borowski A, Saleh A, Draganov J, Poll L, et al. Autologous bone marrow-derived stem cell therapy in combination with TMLR. A novel therapeutic option for endstage coronary heart disease: report on 2 cases. Heart Surg Forum. 2004;7:E416-9.
102. Horvath KA, Lu CY, Robert E, Pierce GF, Greene R, Sosnowski BA, et al. Improvement of myocardial contractility in a porcine model of chronic ischemia using a combined transmyocardial revascularization and gene therapy approach. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2005;129:1071-7.
103. Claes G, Drott C, Wettervik C, Tygesen H, Emanuelsson H, Lomsky M, et al. Angina pectoris treated by thoracoscopic sympathecotomy. Cardiovasc Surg. 1996;4:830-1.
104. Chin CJ, Mulder DS. Selective arterialization of coronary veins for diffuse coronary occlusion. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1975;70:177-83.
105. Park SB, Magovern GJ, Liebler GA, Dixon CM, Begg FR, Fisher DL, et al. Direct selective myocardial revascularization by internal mammary artery-coronary vein anastomosis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1975;69:63-72.
106. Chowdhry MF, Davies J, McCance A, Galiñanes M. Lack of durability of surgical arterialisation of coronary veins for the treatment of ischemic heart disease. J Card Surg. 2005;20:1-3.
107. Goldman A. Experimental methods for producing a collateral circulation to the heart directly from the ventricle. J Thorac Surg. 1956;31:364-74.
108. Munro I, Allen P. The possibility of myocardial revascularization by creation of a left ventriculocoronary artery fistula. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1969;58:25-32.
109. Tweden KS, Eales F, Cameron JD, Griffin JC, Solien EE, Knudson MB. Ventriculocoronary artery bypass (VCAB), a novel approach to myocardial revascularization. Heart Surg Forum. 2000;3:47-54.
110. Emery RW, Eales F, Van Meter CH Jr, Knudson MB, Solien EE, Tweden KS. Ventriculocoronary artery bypass results using a mesh-tipped device in a porcine model. Ann Thorac Surg. 2001;72:S1004-8.
111. Boekstegers P, Raake P, Al Ghobainy R, Horstkotte J, Hinkel R, Sandner T, et al. Stent-based approach for ventricle-to-coronary artery bypass. Circulation. 2002;106:1000-6.
112. Vicol C, Reichart B, Eifert S, Raake P, Hinkel R, Steinbeck G, et al. First clinical experience with the VSTENT: a device for direct left ventricle-to-coronary artery bypass. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005;79:573-9.
113. Carmeliet P. Mechanism of angiogenesis. Nat Med. 2000;6:389-95.
114. Ferrara N, Alitalo K. Clinical applications of angiogenic growth factors and their inhibitors. Nat Med. 1999;5:1359-64.
115. Isner JM. Myocardial gene therapy. Nature. 2000;415:234-9.
116. Abo-Auda W, Benza RL. Therapeutic angiogenesis: review of current concepts and future directions. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2003;22:370-82.
117. Khurana R, Simons M. Insights from angiogenesis trials using fibroblast groth factor for advanced arteriosclerotic disease. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2003;13:116-22.
118. Yla-Herttuala S, Alitalo K. Gene transfer as a tool to induce therapeutic vascular growth. Nat Med. 2003;9:694-701.
119. Lederman RJ, Guttman MA, Peters DC, Thompson RB, Sorger JM, Dick AJ, et al. Catheter-based endomyocardial injection with real-time magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation. 2002; 105:1282-4.
120. Simons M, Annex BH, Laham RJ, Kleiman N, Henry T, Dauerman H, et al. Pharmacological treatment of coronary artery disease with recombinant fibroblast growth factor-2: double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Circulation. 2002;105:788-93.
121. Henry TD, Annex BH, McKendall GR, Azrin MA, López JJ, Giordano FJ, et al. The VIVA trial: Vascular endothelial growth factor in Ischemia for Vascular Angiogenesis. Circulation. 2003;107:1359-65.
122. Epstein SE, Kornowski R, Fuchs S, Dvorak HF. Angiogenesis therapy: amidst the hype, the neglected potential for serious side effects. Circulation. 2001;104:115-9.
123. Springer ML, Chen AS, Kraft PE, Bednarski M, Blau HM. VEGF gene delivery to muscle: potential role for vasculogenesis in adults. Mol Cell. 1998;2:549-58.
124. Lee RJ, Springer ML, Blanco-Bose WE, Shaw R, Ursell PC, Blau HM. VEGF gene delivery to myocardium: deleterious effects of unregulated expression. Circulation. 2000;102:898-901.
125. Dor Y, Djonov V, Keshet E. Induction of vascular networks in adult organs: implications to proangiogenic therapy. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003;995:208-16.
126. Orlic D, Kajstura J, Chimenti S, Jakoniuk I, Anderson SM, Li B, et al. Bone marrow cells regenerate infarcted myocardium. Nature. 2001;10:701-5.
127. Stamm C, Westphal B, Kleine HD, Petzsch M, Kittner C, Klinge H, et al. Autologous bone-marrow stem-cell transplantation for myocardial regeneration. Lancet. 2003;361:45-6.
128. Galinanes M, Loubani M, Davies J, Chin D, Pasi J, Bell PR. Autotransplantation of unmanipulated bone marrow into scarred myocardium is safe and enhances cardiac function in humans. Cell Transpl. 2004;13:7-13.
129. Liu Y, Guo J, Zhang P, Zhang S, Chen P, Ma K, et al. Bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation into heart elevates the expression of angiogenic factors. Microvasc Res. 2004;68:156-60.
130. Tang YL, Zhao Q, Zhang YC, Cheng L, Liu M, Shi J, et al. Antologous mesenchymal stem cell transplantation induce VEGF and neovascularization in ischemic myocardium. Regul Pept. 2004;117:3-10.
131. Orlic D, Kajstura J, Chimenti S, Limana F, Jakoniuk I, Quaini F, et al. Mobilized bone marrow cells repair the infarcted heart, improving function and survival. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001;98:10344-9.
132. Quaini F, Urbanek K, Beltrami AP, Finato N, Beltrami CA, Nadal-Ginard B, et al. Chimerism of the transplanted heart. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:5-15.
133. Norol F, Merlet P, Isnard R, Sebillon P, Bonnet N, Cailliot C, et al. Influence of mobilized stem cells on myocardial infarct repair in a nonhuman primate model. Blood. 2003;102:4361-8.
134. Kamihata H, Matsubara H, Nishiue T, Fujiyama S, Amano K, Iba O, et al. Improvement of collateral perfusion and regional function by implantation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells into ischemic hibernating myocardium. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2002;22:1804-10.
135. Friedrich EB, Bohm M. Human umbilical cord blood cells and myocardial infarction: novel ways to treat an old problem. Cardiovasc Res. 2005;66:4-6.
136. Falk V, Diegeler A, Walther T, Banusch J, Brucerius J, Raumans J, et al. Total endoscopic computer enhanced coronary artery bypass grafting. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2000;17:38-45.
137. Falk V, Fann JI, Grunenfelder J, Daunt D, Burdon TA. Endoscopic computer-enhanced beating heart coronary artery bypass grafting. Ann Thorac Surg. 2000;70:2029-33.
138. Dogan S, Aybek T, Khan MF, Kessler P, Mierdl S, Kleine P, et al. Computer-enhanced telemanipulation enables a variety of totally endoscopic cardiac procedures. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2002;50:281-6.
139. Detter C, Deuse T, Christ F, Boehm DH, Reichenspurner H, Reichart B. Comparison of two stabilizer concepts for off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Ann Thorac Surg. 2002;74:497-501.
140. Falk V. Manual control and tracking: a human factors analysis relevant for beating heart surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 2002;74: 624-8.