Ventilator-associated pneumonia in surgical emergency intensive care unit

Saudi Medical Journal

Volumn 27, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 52-57

  Ertugrul, Bulent M ^a   Yildirim, Ayse ^b   Ay, Pinar ^c   Oncu, Serkan ^a   Cagatay, Atahan ^d   Cakar, Nahit ^b   Ertekin, Cemalettin ^d   Ozsut, Halit ^d   Eraksoy, Haluk ^d   Calangu, Semra ^d  

^a ADNAN MENDERES UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

^b ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

^c MARMARA UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

^d Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology ^*  (Turkey)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALBUMIN;

ACINETOBACTER; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE; AGED; ALBUMIN BLOOD LEVEL; APACHE; ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION; AWARENESS; BACTERIUM CULTURE; BACTERIUM ISOLATION; BLOOD CULTURE; COAGULASE NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCUS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; EMERGENCY WARD; FEMALE; GENDER; GLASGOW COMA SCALE; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INFANT; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICAL DOCUMENTATION; MEDICAL SCHOOL; PATIENT CARE; PHYSICIAN; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; RISK FACTOR; RISK MANAGEMENT; SCORING SYSTEM; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; SUBSPECIES; SURGICAL WARD; TURKEY (REPUBLIC); VENTILATOR ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; APACHE; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; COHORT STUDIES; FEMALE; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; INFANT; INTENSIVE CARE UNITS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PNEUMONIA; RESPIRATION, ARTIFICIAL; RISK FACTORS; TURKEY; WOUNDS AND INJURIES;

EID: 32044448731     PISSN: 03795284     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Richardson CJ, Rodriguez JL. Identification of patients at highest risk for ventilator-associated pneumonia in the surgical intensive care unit. Am J Surg 2000; 179: 8-11.
2. Vincent JL, Bihari DJ, Suter PM, Bruining HA, White J, Nicolas-Chanoin ME, et al. The prevalence of nosocomial infection in intensive care units in Europe. Results of the European Prevalence of Infection in Intensive Care (EPIC) Study. EPIC International Advisory Committee. JAMA 1995; 274: 639-644.
3. Fagon JY, Chastre J, Vuagnat A, Trouillet JL, Novara A, Gibert C. Nosocomial pneumonia and mortality among patients in intensive care units. JAMA 1996; 275: 866-869.
4. Papazian L, Bregeon F, Thirion X, Gregoire R, Saux P, Denis JP, et al. Effect of ventilator-associated pneumonia on mortality and morbidity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 154: 91-97.
5. Craven DE, Steger KA. Epidemiology of nosocomial pneumonia. New perspectives on an old disease. Chest 1995; 108: 1S-16S.
6. Craven DE. Epidemiology of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Chest 2000; 117: 186S-187S.
7. Inglis TJ, Millar MR, Jones JG, Robinson DA. Tracheal tube biofilm as a source of bacterial colonization of the lung. J Clin Microbiol 1989; 27: 2014-2018.
8. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) report, data summary from October 1986-April 1997, issued May 1997. A report from the NNIS System. Am J Infect Control 1997; 25: 477-487.
9. Grossman RF, Fein A. Evidence-based assessment of diagnostic tests for ventilator-associated pneumonia. Executive summary. Chest 2000; 117: 177S-181S.
10. Fagon JY Chastre J, Hance AJ, Montravers P, Novara A, Gibert C. Nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated patients: a cohort study evaluating attributable mortality and hospital stay. Am J Med 1993; 94: 281-288.
11. Talon D, Mulin B, Rouget C, Bailly P, Thouverez M, Viel JF. Risks and routes for ventilator-associated pneumonia with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 157: 978-984.
12. Chastre J, Fagon JY. Ventilator-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 165: 867-903.
13. Hospital-acquired pneumonia in adults: diagnosis, assessment of severity, initial antimicrobial therapy, and preventive strategies. A consensus statement, American Thoracic Society, November 1995. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 153: 1711-1725.
14. Garrard CS, A'Court CD. The diagnosis of pneumonia in the critically ill. Chest 1995; 108: 17S-25S.
15. Salata RA, Lederman MM, Shlaes DM, Jacobs MR, Eckstein E, Tweardy D, et al. Diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia in intubated, intensive care unit patients. Am Rev Respir Dis 1987; 135: 426-432.
16. In: Ballow A, Hausler W, Herman K, Isenberg H, Shadomy I, editors. Manual of Clinical Microbiology. 5 ed. Washington DC: American Society for Microbiology; 1991.
17. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests: Approved Standard. In: National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. 7 ed. Wayne, Pa: NCCLS; 2000.
18. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Eleventh Informational Supplement. NCCLS Document M100-S11. In: National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Wayne, PA: NCCLS; 2001.
19. Torres A, Aznar R, Gatell JM, Jimenez P, Gonzalez J, Ferrer A, et al. Incidence, risk, and prognosis factors of nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990; 142: 523-528.
20. Chevret S, Hemmer M, Carlet J, Langer M. Incidence and risk factors of pneumonia acquired in intensive care units. Results from a multicenter prospective study on 996 patients. European Cooperative Group on Nosocomial Pneumonia. Intensive Care Med 1993; 19: 256-264.
21. Simsek S, Yurtseven N, Gercekogalu H, Izgi F, Sohtorik U, Canik S, et al. Ventilator-associated pneumonias in a cardiothoracic surgery centre postoperative intensive care unit. J Hosp Infect 2001; 47: 321-324.
22. Joshi N, Localio AR, Hamory BH. A predictive risk index for nosocomial pneumonia in the intensive care unit. Am J Med 1992; 93: 135-142.
23. Bregeon F, Ciais V, Carret V, Gregoire R, Saux P, Gainnier M, et al. Is ventilator-associated pneumonia an independent risk factor for death? Anesthesiology 2001; 94: 554-560.
24. Kollef MH. Ventilator-associated pneumonia. A multivariate analysis. JAMA 1993; 270: 1965-1970.
25. Rodriguez JL, Gibbons KJ, Bitzer LG, Dechert RE, Steinberg SM, Flint LM. Pneumonia: incidence, risk factors, and outcome in injured patients. J Trauma 1991; 31: 907-912; discussion 912-904.
26. Sofianou DC, Constandinidis TC, Yannacou M, Anastasiou H, Sofianos E. Analysis of risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia in a multidisciplinary intensive care unit. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2000; 19: 460-463.
27. Cook DJ, Walter SD, Cook RJ, Griffith LE, Guyatt GH, Leasa D, et al. Incidence of and risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients. Ann Intern Med 1998; 129: 433-440.
28. Mayhall CG. Nosocomial pneumonia. Diagnosis and prevention. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1997; 11: 427-457.
29. Bergmans DC, Bonten MJ, De Leeuw PW, Stobberingh EE. Reproducibility of quantitative cultures of endotracheal aspirates from mechanically ventilated patients. J Clin Microbiol 1997; 35: 796-798.
30. Torres A, Gonzalez J, Ferrer M. Evaluation of the available invasive and non-invasive techniques for diagnosing nosocomial pneumonias in mechanically ventilated patients. Intensive Care Med 1991; 17: 439-448.
31. Sanchez-Nieto JM, Torres A, Garcia-Cordoba F, El-Ebiary M, Carrillo A, Ruiz J, et al. Impact of invasive and noninvasive quantitative culture sampling on outcome of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a pilot study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 157: 371-376.
32. Ruiz M, Torres A, Ewig S, Marcos MA, Alcon A, Lledo R, et al. Noninvasive versus invasive microbial investigation in ventilator-associated pneumonia: evaluation of outcome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 162: 119-125.
33. Ioanas M, Ferrer R, Angrill J, Ferrer M, Torres A. Microbial investigation in ventilator-associated pneumonia. Eur Respir J 2001; 17: 791-801.
34. Rello J, Sa-Borges M, Correa H, Leal SR, Baraibar J. Variations in etiology of ventilator-associated pneumonia across four treatment sites: implications for antimicrobial prescribing practices. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 160: 608-613.
35. Trouillet JL, Chastre J, Vuagnat A, Joly-Guillou ML, Combaux D, Dombret MC, et al. Ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by potentially drug-resistant bacteria. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 157: 531-539.
36. Tejada Artigas A, Bello Dronda S, Chacon Valles E, Munoz Marco J, Villuendas Uson MC, Figueras P, et al. Risk factors for nosocomial pneumonia in critically ill trauma patients. Crit Care Med 2001; 29: 304-309.
37. Kloos WE, Bannerman TL. Update on clinical significance of coagulase-negative staphylococci. Clin Microbiol Rev 1994; 7: 117-140.
38. Oberholzer A, Oberholzer C, Moldawer LL. Cytokine signaling - regulation of the immune response in normal and critically ill states. Crit Care Med 2000; 28: N3-12.
39. Kirtland SH, Corley DE, Winterbauer RH, Springmeyer SC, Casey KR, Hampson NB, et al. The diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a comparison of histologic, microbiologic, and clinical criteria. Chest 1997; 112: 445-457.
40. Strausbaugh LJ. Nosocomial Respiratory Infections. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, editors. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 5 ed. Pennsylvania: Churchill Livingstone; 2000. p. 3020-3039.