A 10-year retrospective of research in health mass media campaigns: Where do we go from here?

Journal of Health Communication

Volumn 11, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 21-42

  Noar, Seth M ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FORECASTING; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HEALTH PROMOTION; HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH; HUMAN; INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION; MASS MEDIUM; PUBLISHING; REVIEW; SOCIAL MARKETING;

COMMUNICATION; FORECASTING; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HEALTH PROMOTION; HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH; HUMANS; JOURNALISM, MEDICAL; MASS MEDIA; SOCIAL MARKETING;

EID: 31844450561     PISSN: 10810730     EISSN: 10870415     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10810730500461059     Document Type: Review

References (109)

1. Agha, S. (2003). The impact of a mass media campaign on personal risk perception, perceived self-efficacy and on other behavioral predictors. AIDS Care, 15(6), 749-762.
2. Alstead, M., Campsmith, M., Halley, C. S., Hartfield, K., Goldbaum, G., & Wood, R. W. (1999). Developing, implementing, and evaluating a condom promotion program targeting sexually active adolescents. AIDS Education and Prevention, 11(6), 497-512.
3. Andersen, B., Ostergaard, L., Moller, J. K., & Olesen, F. (2001). Effectiveness of a mass media campaign to recruit young adults for testing of Chlamydia trachomatis by use of home obtained and mailed samples. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 77(6), 416-418.
4. Atkin, C. K. (2001). Theory and principles of media health campaigns. In R. E. Rice & C. K. Atkin (Eds.), Public communication campaigns (3rd ed., pp. 49-68). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
5. Atkin, C. K. & Freimuth, V. S. (2001). Formative evaluation research in campaign design. In R. E. Rice & C. K. Atkin (Eds.), Public communication campaigns (3rd ed., pp. 125-145). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
6. Baranowski, T., Anderson, C., & Carmack, C. (1998). Mediating variable framework in physical activity interventions: How are we doing? How might we do better? American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 15(4), 266-297.
7. Baron, R. M. & Kenny, E. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182.
8. Bauman, A. E., Bellew, B., Owen, N., & Vita, P. (2001). Impact of an Australian mass media campaign targeting physical activity in 1998. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 27(1), 41-47.
9. Booth-Butterfield, S. & Reger, B. (2004). The message changes belief and the rest is theory: The "1% or less" milk campaign and reasoned action. Preventive Medicine, 39(3), 581-588.
10. Boulay, M., Storey, J. D., & Sood, S. (2002). Indirect exposure to a family planning mass media campaign in Nepal. Journal of Health Communication, 7(5), 379-399.
11. Campbell, D. T. & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for research. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
12. Cappella, J. N., Fishbein, M., Hornik, R., Ahern, R. K., & Sayeed, S. (2001). Using theory to select messages in antidrug media campaigns: Reasoned action and media priming. In R. E. Rice & C. K. Atkin (Eds.), Public communication campaigns (3rd ed., pp. 214-230). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
13. Comino, E. J., Bauman, A., Mitchell, C. A., Ruffin, R. E., Antic, R., Zimmerman, P. V., & Gutch, R. C. (1997). The Australian national asthma campaign: Effects of public education activities based on mass media. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 13(4), 251-256.
14. Connell, D., Goldberg, J. P., & Folta, S. C. (2001). An intervention to increase fruit and vegetable consumption using audio communications. Journal of Health Communication, 6(1), 31-43.
15. de Walle, H. E. K., van der Pal, K. M., de Jong-van den Berg, L. T. W., Jeeninga, W., Schouten, J. S., de Rover, C. M., Buitendijk, S. E., & Cornel, M. C. (1999). Effect of mass media campaign to reduce socioeconomic differences in women's awareness and behaviour concerning use of folic acid: Cross sectional study. British Medical Journal, 319, 291-292.
16. Derzon, J. H. & Lipsey, M. W. (2002). A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of mass-communication for changing substance-use knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. In W. D. Crano & M. Burgoon (Eds.), Mass media and drug prevention: Classic and contemporary theories and research (pp. 231-258). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
17. Dixon, H., Borland, R., Segan, C., Stafford, H., & Sindall, C. (1998). Public reaction to Victoria's "2 fruit n' 5 veg every day" campaign and reported consumption of fruit and vegetables. Preventive Medicine, 27(4), 572-582.
18. Doniger, A. S., Adams, E., Utter, C. A., & Riley, J. S. (2001). Impact evaluation of the "not me, not now" abstinence-oriented, adolescent pregnancy prevention communications program, Monroe County, New York. Journal of Health Communication, 6(1), 45-60.
19. Evans, W. D., Wasserman, J., Bertolotti, E., & Martino, S. (2002). Branding behavior: The strategy behind the Truth campaign. Social Marketing Quarterly, 8(3), 17-29.
20. Fan, D. P. (2002). Impact of persuasive information on secular trends in health-related behaviors. In R. C. Hornik (Ed.), Public health communication: Evidence for behavior change (pp. 251-264). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
21. Farrelly, M. C., Davis, K. C., Havilan, M. L., Messeri, P., & Healton, C. G. (2005). Evidence of a dose-response relationship between "truth" antismoking ads and youth smoking prevalence. American Journal of Public Health, 95(3), 425-431.
22. Farrelly, M. C., Healton, C. G., Davis, K. C., Messeri, P., Hersey, J. C., & Haviland, M. L. (2002). Getting to the truth: Evaluating national tobacco countermarketing campaigns. American Journal of Public Health, 92(6), 901-907.
23. Flay, B. R. & Sobel, J. L. (1983). The role of mass media in preventing adolescent substance abuse. In T. J. Glynn, C. G. Leukefeld, & J. P. Lundford (Eds.), Preventing Adolescent Drug Abuse: Intervention Strategies. NIDA Research Monograph Series (47).
24. Glasgow, R. E. (2002). Evaluation of theory-based interventions: The RE-AIM model. In K. Glanz, F. M. Lewis, & B. K. Rimer (Eds.), Health behavior and health education: Theory, research, and practice (3rd ed., pp. 531-544). San Francisco, CA: John Wiley & Sons.
25. Glik, D., Berkanovic, E., Stone, K., Ibarra, L., Jones, M. C., Rosen, B., Schreibman, M., Gordon, L., Minassian, L., & Richardes, D. (1998). Health education goes Hollywood: Working with prime-time and daytime entertainment television for immunization promotion. Journal of Health Communication, 3(3), 263-283.
26. Grunig, J. (1989). Publics, audiences, and market segments: Segmentation principles for campaigns. In C. Salmon (Ed.), Information campaigns: Balancing social values and social change (pp. 199-228). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
27. Hafstad, A. & Aaro, L. E. (1997). Activating interpersonal influence through provocative appeals: Evaluation of a mass media-based antismoking campaign targeting adolescents. Health Communication, 9(3), 253-272.
28. Hafstad, A., Aaro, L. E., & Langmark, F. (1996). Evaluation of an antismoking mass media campaign targeting adolescents: The role of affective responses and interpersonal communication. Health Education Research, 11(1), 29-38.
29. Hill, D., White, V., Marks, R., & Borland, R. (2002). Changes in sun-related attitudes and behaviors, and reduced sunburn prevalence in a population at high risk of melanoma. In R. C. Hornik (Ed.), Public health communication: Evidence for behavior change (pp. 163-178). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
30. Hornik, R. C. (Ed.) (2002a). Public health communication: Evidence for behavior change. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
31. Hornik, R. C. (2002b). Public health communication: Making sense of contradictory evidence. In R. C. Hornik (Ed.), Public health communication: Evidence for behavior change (pp. 1-22). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
32. Hornik, R. C. (2002c). Epilogue: Evaluation design for public health communication programs. In R. C. Hornik (Ed.), Public health communication: Evidence for behavior change. (p. 385-405). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
33. Hornik, R. C. (2002d). Exposure: Theory and evidence about all the ways it matters. Social Marketing Quarterly, 8(3), 31-37.
34. Iacobbo, K. & Iacobbo, M. (2005, June 15). Christian roots of vegetarianism. Retrieved June 15, 2005, from http://www.vegsource.com/ veghistory/christian_roots_print.htm
35. Kaiser Family Foundation. (2003). Reaching the MTV generation: Recent research on the impact of the Kaiser Family Foundation/MTV Public Education Campaign on Sexual Health. Menlo Park, CA: Author.
36. Kaiser Family Foundation. (2004). Assessing public education programming on HIV/AIDS: A national survey of African Americans. Menlo Park, CA: Author.
37. Kelder, S. H., Maibach, E., Worden, J. K., Biglan, A., & Levitt, A. (2000). Planning and initiation of the ONDCP national youth anti-drug media campaign. Journal of Public Health Management Practice, 6(3), 14-26.
38. Kincaid, D. L., Merritt, A. P., Nickerson, L., Buffington, S. C., de Castro, M. P., & de Castro, B. M. (2002). Impact of a mass media vasectomy promotion campaign in Brazil. In R. C. Hornik (Ed.), Public health communication: Evidence for behavior change (pp. 179-196). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
39. Korhonen, T., Uutela, A., Korhonen, H. J., & Puska, P. (1998). Impact of mass media and interpersonal health communication on smoking cessation attempts: A study in North Karelia, 1989-1996. Journal of Health Communication, 3(2), 105-119.
40. Larsson, M., Eurenius, K., Westerling, R., & Tydén, T. (2004). Emergency contraceptive pills in Sweden: Evaluation of an information campaign. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 111(8), 820-827.
41. MacKinnon, D., Lockwood, C. M., Hoffman, J. M., West, S. G., & Sheets, V. (2002). A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects. Psychological Methods, 7(1), 83-104.
42. McAlister, A., Morrison, T. C., Hu, S., Meshack, A. F., Ramirez, A., Gallion, K., Rabius, V., & Huang, P. (2004). Media and community campaign effects on adult tobacco use in Texas. Journal of Health Communication, 9(2), 95-109.
43. McCombie, S., Hornik, R. C., & Anarfi, J. K. (2002). Effects of a mass media campaign to prevent AIDS among young people in Ghana. In R. C. Hornik (Ed.), Public health communication: Evidence for behavior change (pp. 147-162). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
44. McDivitt, J. A., Zimicki, S., & Hornik, R. C. (1997). Explaining the impact of a communication campaign to change vaccinaton knowledge and coverage in the Philipines. Health Communication, 9(2), 95-119.
45. Meyer, G., Roberto, A. J., & Atkin, C. K. (2003). A radio-based approach to promoting gun safety: Process and outcome evaluation implications and insights. Health Communication, 15(3), 299-319.
46. Michie, S. & Abraham, C. (2004). Interventions to change health behaviours: Evidence-based or evidence-inspired? Psychology and Health, 19(1), 29-49.
47. Miller, C. L., Wakefield, M., & Roberts, L. (2003). Uptake and effectiveness of the Australian telephone Quitline service in the context of a mass media campaign. Tobacco Control, 12, 53-58.
48. Miller, W. R., Toscova, R. T., Miller, J. H., & Sanchez, V. (2000). A theory-based motivational approach for reducing alcohol/drug problems in college. Health Education and Behavior, 27(6), 744-759.
49. Mizuno, Y., Kennedy, M., Weeks-Norton, K., & Myllyluoma, J. (2002). An examination of adolescents who were and were not exposed to "Teens Stopping AIDS": Reaching the hard-to-reach. Journal of Health Communication, 7(3), 197-203.
50. Mohammed, S. (2001). Personal communication networks and the effects of an entertainment-education radio soap opera in Tanzania. Journal of Health Communication, 6(2), 137-154.
51. Moreau, C., Bajos, N., & Bouyer, J. (2002). Evaluation of a mass media campaign on contraception in France. The European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care, 7(2), 105-113.
52. Myhre, S. L. & Flora, J. A. (2000). HIV/AIDS communication campaigns: Progress and prospects. Journal of Health Communication, 5(Suppl.), 29-45.
53. Nishtar, S., Mirza, Y. A., Jehan, S., Hadi, Y., Badar, A., Yusuf, S., & Shahab, S. (2004). Newspaper articles as a tool for cardiovascular prevention programs in a developing country. Journal of Health Communication, 9(4), 355-369.
54. Noar, S. M. (In press). A health educator's guide to theories of health behavior. International Quarterly of Community Health Education.
55. Noar, S. M. & Zimmerman, R. S. (2005). Health behavior theory and cumulative knowledge regarding health behaviors: Are we moving in the right direction? Health Education Research: Theory & Practice, 20(3), 275-290.
56. Noar, S. M., Clark, A., Cole, C., & Lustria, M. (In press). Review of interactive safer sex websites: Practice and potential. Health Communication.
57. Oh, M. K., Grimley, D. M., Merchant, J. S., Brown, P. R., Cecil, H., & Hook, E. W. (2002). Mass media as a population-level intervention tool for Chlamydia trachomatis screening: Report of a pilot study. Journal of Adolescent Health, 31, 40-47.
58. Owen, L. (2000). Impact of a telephone helpline for smokers who called during a mass media campaign. Tobacco Control, 9, 148-154.
59. Paisley, W. J. (2001). Public communication campaigns: The American experience. In R. E. Rice & C. K. Atkin (Eds.), Public communication campaigns (3rd ed., pp. 3-21). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
60. Palmgreen, P. & Donohew, L. (2003). Effective mass media strategies for drug abuse prevention campaigns. In Z. Slobada & W. J. Bukoski (Eds.), Handbook of drug abuse prevention: Theory, science, and practice (pp. 27-43). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
61. Palmgreen, P., Donohew, L., Lorch, E. P., Hoyle, R. H., & Stephenson, M. T. (2001). Television campaigns and adolescent marijuana use: Tests of sensation seeking targeting. American Journal of Public Health, 91, 292-296.
62. Palmgreen, P., Lorch, E. P., Stephenson, M. T., Donohew, L., Hoyle, R. H., & Sweatt, S. (2005, December). Effects of the Office of National Drug Control Policy's marijuana initiative campaign on at-risk youth. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Public Health Association, Philadelphia, PA.
63. Perloff, R. M. (2003). The dynamics of persuasion: Communication and attitudes in the 21st century. (2nd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
64. Pierce, J. P., Macaskill, P., & Hill, D. (2002). Long-term effectiveness of the early mass media led antismoking campaigns in Australia. In R. C. Hornik (Ed.), Public health communication: Evidence for behavior change (pp. 57-72). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
65. Randolph, W. & Viswanath, K. (2004). Lessons learned from public health mass media campaigns: Marketing health in a crowded media world. Annual Review of Public Health, 25, 419-437.
66. Ratcliffe, J., Cairns, J., & Platt, S. (1997). Cost-effectiveness of a mass media-led anti-smoking campaign in Scotland. Tobacco Control, 6(2), 104-110.
67. Reger, B., Cooper, L., Booth-Butterfield, S., Smith, H., Bauman, A., Wootan, M., Middlestadt, S., Marcus, B., & Greer, F. (2002). Wheeling walks: A community campaign using paid media to encourage walking among sedentary older adults. Preventive Medicine, 35(3), 285-292.
68. Reger, B., Wootan, M. G., & Booth-Butterfield, S. (2000). A comparison of different approaches to promote community-wide dietary change. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 18(4), 271-275.
69. Reger, B., Wootan, M. G., & Booth-Butterfield, S. (1999). Using mass media to promote healthy eating: A community-based demonstration project. Preventive Medicine, 29(5), 414-421.
70. Renger, R., Steinfelt, V., & Lazarus, S. (2002). Assessing the effectiveness of a community-based media campaign targeting physical inactivity. Family and Community Health, 25(3), 18-30.
71. Roccella, E. J. (2002). The contributions of public health education toward the reduction of cardiovascular disease mortality: Experiences from the national high blood pressure education program. In R. C. Hornik (Ed.), Public health communication: Evidence for behavior change (pp. 73-84). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
72. Rogers, E. M. (1996). Up-to-date report. Journal of Health Communication, 1(1), 15-25.
73. Rogers, E. M. & Storey, J. D. (1987). Communication campaigns. In C. R. Berger & S. H. Chafee (Eds.), Handbook of communication science (pp. 817-846). London: Sage.
74. Rosenthal, R. (1991). Meta-analytic procedures for social research. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
75. Rothman, A. J. (2004). "Is there nothing more practical than a good theory?": Why innovations and advances in health behavior change will arise if interventions are used to test and refine theory. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 1(1), 1-11.
76. Salmon, C. T. & Atkin, C. (2003). Using media campaigns for health promotion. In T. L. Thompson, A. M. Dorsey, K. I. Miller, & R. Parrott (Eds.), Handbook of Health Communication (pp. 285-313). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
77. Secker-Walker, R. H., Worden, J. K., Holland, R. R., Flynn, B. S., & Detsky, A. S. (1997). A mass media programme to prevent smoking among adolescents: Costs and cost effectiveness. Tobacco Control, 6(3), 207-212.
78. Siegel, M. & Biener, L. (2000). The impact of an antismoking media campaign on progression to established smoking: Results of a longitudinal youth study. American Journal of Public Health, 90(3), 380-386.
79. Singhal, A. & Rogers, E. M. (2003). Combating AIDS: Communication strategies in action. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
80. Slater, M. D. (1996). Theory and method in health audience segmentation. Journal of Health Communication, 1(3), 267-285.
81. Slater, M. D. (1999). Integrating application of media effects, persuasion, and behavior change theories to communication campaigns: A stages-of-change framework. Health Communication, 11(4), 335-354.
82. Sly, D. F., Heald, G. R., & Ray, S. (2001a). The Florida "truth" anti-tobacco media evaluation: Design, first year results, and implications for planning future state media evaluations. Tobacco Control, 10, 9-15.
83. Sly, D. F., Hopkins, R. S., Trapido, E., & Ray, S. (2001b). Influence of a counteradvertising media campaign on initiation of smoking: The Florida "truth" campaign. American Journal of Public Health, 91(2), 233-238.
84. Sly, D. F., Trapido, E., & Ray, S. (2002). Evidence of the dose effects of an antitobacco counteradvertising campaign. Preventive Medicine, 35(5), 511-518.
85. Smith, W. (2002). From prevention vaccines to community care: New ways to look at program success. In R. C. Hornik (Ed.), Public health communication: Evidence for behavior change (pp. 327-356). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
86. Snyder, L. B. & Hamilton, M. A. (2002). A meta-analysis of U.S. health campaign effects on behavior: Emphasize enforcement, exposure, and new information, and beware the secular trend. In R. C. Hornik (Ed.), Public health communication: Evidence for behavior change (pp. 357-384). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
87. Stead, M., Tagg, S., MacKintosh, A. M., & Eadie, D. (2005). Development and evaluation of a mass media theory of planned behaviour intervention to reduce speeding. Health Education Research, 20(1), 36-50.
88. Storey, D., Boulay, M., Karki, Y., Heckert, K., & Karmacha, D. M. (1999). Impact of the integrated radio communication project in Nepal, 1994-1997. Journal of Health Communication, 4(4), 271-295.
89. Street, R. L., Gold, W. R., & Manning, T. (Eds.) (1997). Health promotion and interactive technology: Theoretical applications and future directions. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
90. Surkan, P. J., Dejong, W., Herr-Zaya, K. M., Rodriguez-Howard, M., & Fay, K. (2003). A paid radio advertising campaign to promote parent-child communication about alcohol. Journal of Health Communication, 8(5), 489-495.
91. Tambashe, B. O., Speizer, I. S., Amouzou, A., & Djangone, A. M. R. (2003). Evaluation of the psamao "Roulez Protégé" mass media campaign in Burkina Faso. AIDS Education and Prevention, 15(1), 33-48.
92. Tamir, D., Polachek, D., Zivlin, O., Amikam, Y., Avraham, M., & Weinstein, R. (2001). Smoking prevention campaign for youth in Israel. Public Health Reviews, 29(2-4), 185-194.
93. Thombs, D. L. & Hamilton, M. J. (2002). Effects of a social norm feedback campaign on the drinking norms and behavior of division 1 student-athletes. Journal of Drug Education, 32(3), 227-244.
94. Thorson, E. & Beaudoin, C. E. (2004). The impact of a health campaign on health social capital. Journal of Health Communication, 9(3), 167-194.
95. Trussell, J., Koenig, J., Vaughan, B., & Stewart, F. (2001). Evaluation of a media campaign to increase knowledge about emergency contraception. Contraception, 63(2), 81-87.
96. Valente, T. W. (2001). Evaluating communication campaigns. In R. E. Rice & C. K. Atkin (Eds.), Public communication campaigns (3rd ed., pp. 105-124). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
97. Valente, T. W. & Saba, W. P. (2001). Campaign exposure and interpersonal communication as factors in contraceptive use in Bolivia. Journal of Health Communication, 6(4), 303-322.
98. Vaughan, P. W. & Rogers, E. M. (2000). A staged model of communication effects: Evidence from an entertainment-education radio soap opera in Tanzania. Journal of Health Communication, 5(3), 203-229.
99. Vaughan, P. W., Rogers, E. M., Singhal, A., & Swalehe, R. M. (2000). Entertainment-education and HIV/AIDS prevention: A field experiment in Tanzania. Journal of Health Communication, 5(3), 81-101.
100. Wallack, L. M. (1981). Mass media campaigns: The odds against finding behavior change. Health Education Quarterly, 8(3), 209-261.
101. Willemsen, M. C., de Vries, H., van Breukelen, G., & Genders, R. (1998). Long-term effectiveness of two Dutch work site smoking cessation programs. Health Education and Behavior, 25(4), 418-435.
102. Williams, A. F., Wells, J. K., & Reinfurt, D. W. (2002). Increasing seat belt use in North Carolina. In R. C. Hornik (Ed.), Public health communication: Evidence for behavior change (pp. 85-96). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
103. Wimbush, E., MacGregor, A., & Fraser, E. (1998). Impacts of a national mass media campaign on walking in Scotland. Health Promotion International, 13(1), 45-53.
104. Witte, K. (1992). Putting the fear back into fear appeals: The extended parallel process model. Communication Monographs, 59, 329-349.
105. Witte, K., Cameron, K. A., Lapinski, M., & Nzyuko, S. (1998). A theoretically based evaluation of HIV/AIDS prevention campaigns along the transAfrica highway in Kenya. Journal of Health Communication, 5(4), 345-367.
106. Worden, J. K. & Flynn, B. S. (2002). Using mass media to prevent cigarette smoking. In R. C. Hornik (Ed.), Public health communication: Evidence for behavior change (pp. 23-34). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
107. Wray, R. J., Hornik, R. M., Gandy, O. H., Stryker, J., Ghez, M., & Mitchell-Clark, K. (2004). Preventing domestic violence in the African American community: Assessing the impact of a dramatic radio serial. Journal of Health Communication, 9(1), 31-52.
108. Zimicki, S., Hornik, R. C., Verzosa, C. C., Hernandez, J. R., de Guzman, E., Dayrit, M., Fausto, A., & Lee, M. B. (2002). Improving vaccination coverage in urban areas through a health communication campaign: The 1990 Philippines experience. In R. C. Hornik (Ed.), Public health communication: Evidence for behavior change (pp. 197-218). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
109. Zimmerman, R. S., Palmgreen, P., Noar, S. M., Lustria, M. L. A., Lu, H. Y., & Horosewski, M. L. (In press). Effects of a televised two-city safer sex mass media campaign targeting high sensation-seeking and impulsive decision-making young adults. Health Education & Behavior.