메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 174, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 163-176

Escitalopram versus citalopram: The surprising role of the R-enantiomer

Author keywords

Antidepressant; Citalopram; Depression; Enantiomers; Escitalopram; Panic disorder; R citalopram; Serotonin transporter; SSRI; Stereochemistry

Indexed keywords

1 METHYL 5 PHENYL 5 PROPYLBARBITURIC ACID; 2 AMINO 3 (3 HYDROXY 5 PHENYLISOXAZOL 4 YL)PROPIONIC ACID; 3BETA (4 IODOPHENYL) 2BETA TROPANECARBOXYLIC ACID METHYL ESTER; AMPA RECEPTOR AGONIST; ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; BARBITURIC ACID DERIVATIVE; CITALOPRAM; DELTA OPIATE RECEPTOR AGONIST; ESCITALOPRAM; FLUOXETINE; MIANSERIN; MIRTAZAPINE; MU OPIATE RECEPTOR AGONIST; PICENADOL; SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VENLAFAXINE;

EID: 3142756613     PISSN: 00333158     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (250)

References (89)
  • 1
    • 0036782116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Putting chirality to work: The strategy of chiral switches
    • Agranat I, Caner H, Caldwell J (2002) Putting chirality to work: the strategy of chiral switches. Nat Rev Drug Discov 1:753-768
    • (2002) Nat Rev Drug Discov , vol.1 , pp. 753-768
    • Agranat, I.1    Caner, H.2    Caldwell, J.3
  • 2
    • 0022448413 scopus 로고
    • Anesthetic and convulsant barbiturates alter gamma-aminobutyric acid-stimulated chloride flux across brain membranes
    • Allan AM, Harris RA (1986) Anesthetic and convulsant barbiturates alter gamma-aminobutyric acid-stimulated chloride flux across brain membranes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 238:763-768
    • (1986) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.238 , pp. 763-768
    • Allan, A.M.1    Harris, R.A.2
  • 5
    • 3142707273 scopus 로고
    • Asymmetric synthesis. US Patent 5362886, 8 Nov 1994, p 3
    • Berglund RA (1994) Asymmetric synthesis. US Patent 5362886, 8 Nov 1994, p 3
    • (1994)
    • Berglund, R.A.1
  • 6
    • 25044472343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R-Citalopram attenuates the anxiolytic-like activity of escitalopram in two animal models
    • Bien E, Gruca P, Papp M (2003) R-Citalopram attenuates the anxiolytic-like activity of escitalopram in two animal models. Behav Pharmacol 14:S37
    • (2003) Behav Pharmacol , vol.14
    • Bien, E.1    Gruca, P.2    Papp, M.3
  • 7
    • 0018258295 scopus 로고
    • Effects of viloxazine, its optical isomers and its major metabolites on biogenic amine uptake mechanisms in vitro and in vivo
    • Blackburn TP, Foster GA, Greenwood DT, Howe R (1978) Effects of viloxazine, its optical isomers and its major metabolites on biogenic amine uptake mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol 52:367-374
    • (1978) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.52 , pp. 367-374
    • Blackburn, T.P.1    Foster, G.A.2    Greenwood, D.T.3    Howe, R.4
  • 8
    • 0029046487 scopus 로고
    • 2-selective adrenoreceptor antagonist org 3770 (mirtazapine, Remeron) enhances noradrenergic and serotonergic transmission
    • 2- selective adrenoreceptor antagonist org 3770 (mirtazapine, Remeron) enhances noradrenergic and serotonergic transmission. Hum Psychopharmacol Clin Exp 10(Suppl 2):107-118
    • (1995) Hum Psychopharmacol Clin Exp , vol.10 , Issue.2 SUPPL. , pp. 107-118
    • De Boer, T.1    Ruigt, G.S.F.2    Berendsen, H.H.G.3
  • 10
    • 0029067853 scopus 로고
    • Role of the serotonergic system in the forced swimming test
    • Borsini F (1995) Role of the serotonergic system in the forced swimming test. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 19:377-395
    • (1995) Neurosci Biobehav Rev , vol.19 , pp. 377-395
    • Borsini, F.1
  • 11
    • 0036053186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do animal models of anxiety predict anxiolytic-like effects of antidepressants?
    • Borsini F, Podhorna J, Marazziti D (2002) Do animal models of anxiety predict anxiolytic-like effects of antidepressants? Psychopharmacology 163:121-141
    • (2002) Psychopharmacology , vol.163 , pp. 121-141
    • Borsini, F.1    Podhorna, J.2    Marazziti, D.3
  • 12
    • 0034889181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction studies with citalopram
    • Brøsen K, Naranjo CA (2001) Review of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction studies with citalopram. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 11:275-283
    • (2001) Eur Neuropsychopharmacol , vol.11 , pp. 275-283
    • Brøsen, K.1    Naranjo, C.A.2
  • 13
    • 3142776326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fixed dose study of escitalopram in the treatment of depression. Abstract and poster 518 presented May 5-10, 2001, New Orleans
    • Burke WJ (2001) Fixed dose study of escitalopram in the treatment of depression. Abstract and poster 518 presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, May 5-10, 2001, New Orleans
    • (2001) Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association
    • Burke, W.J.1
  • 14
    • 0036236470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fixed-dose trial of the single isomer SSRI escitalopram in depressed outpatients
    • Burke WJ, Gergel I, Bose A (2002) Fixed-dose trial of the single isomer SSRI escitalopram in depressed outpatients. J Clin Psychiatry 63:331-336
    • (2002) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.63 , pp. 331-336
    • Burke, W.J.1    Gergel, I.2    Bose, A.3
  • 15
    • 0021721943 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative analysis of the interaction between the agonist and antagonist isomers of picenadol (LY150720) on electric shock titration in the squirrel monkey
    • Carter RB, Dykstra LA (1984) Quantitative analysis of the interaction between the agonist and antagonist isomers of picenadol (LY150720) on electric shock titration in the squirrel monkey. Eur J Pharmacol 106:469-476
    • (1984) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.106 , pp. 469-476
    • Carter, R.B.1    Dykstra, L.A.2
  • 16
    • 25044451181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The S-enantiomer of citalopram increases inhibitor binding to the human serotonin transporter by an allosteric mechanism. Comparison with other serotonin transporter inhibitors
    • Chen F, Larsen MB, Sánchez C, Wiborg O (2003) The S-enantiomer of citalopram increases inhibitor binding to the human serotonin transporter by an allosteric mechanism. Comparison with other serotonin transporter inhibitors. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 13:S217
    • (2003) Eur Neuropsychopharmacol , vol.13
    • Chen, F.1    Larsen, M.B.2    Sánchez, C.3    Wiborg, O.4
  • 17
    • 0344987180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Escitalopram is well tolerated and more efficacious than citalopram in long-term treatment of moderately depressed patients
    • Colonna L, Reines EH, Andersen HF (2002) Escitalopram is well tolerated and more efficacious than citalopram in long-term treatment of moderately depressed patients. Int J Psychol Clin Prac 6:243-244
    • (2002) Int J Psychol Clin Prac , vol.6 , pp. 243-244
    • Colonna, L.1    Reines, E.H.2    Andersen, H.F.3
  • 19
    • 0036570222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing antidepressant activity in rodents: Recent developments and future needs
    • Cryan JF, Markou A, Lucki I (2002) Assessing antidepressant activity in rodents: recent developments and future needs. Trends Pharmacol Sci 23:238-245
    • (2002) Trends Pharmacol Sci , vol.23 , pp. 238-245
    • Cryan, J.F.1    Markou, A.2    Lucki, I.3
  • 23
    • 3142732093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Refining current therapies: Clinical implications to the treatment of depression. Molecules and mood disorders: Drug discovery and the treatment of depression
    • Program and abstracts May 18-23 2002, Philadelphia, Pa.
    • DeVane CL (2002) Refining current therapies: clinical implications to the treatment of depression. Molecules and mood disorders: drug discovery and the treatment of depression. Program and abstracts of the American Psychiatric Association 155th annual meeting, May 18-23 2002, Philadelphia, Pa.
    • (2002) American Psychiatric Association 155th Annual Meeting
    • DeVane, C.L.1
  • 25
    • 0028077448 scopus 로고
    • Determination of the enantiomers of mianserin, desmethylmianserin, and 8-hydroxymianserin in the plasma and urine of mianserin-treated patients
    • Eap CB, Powell K, Campussouche D, Monney C, Baettig D, Taeschner W, Baumann P (1995) Determination of the enantiomers of mianserin, desmethylmianserin, and 8-hydroxymianserin in the plasma and urine of mianserin-treated patients. Chirality 6:555-563
    • (1995) Chirality , vol.6 , pp. 555-563
    • Eap, C.B.1    Powell, K.2    Campussouche, D.3    Monney, C.4    Baettig, D.5    Taeschner, W.6    Baumann, P.7
  • 26
    • 0028202566 scopus 로고
    • Resolution, absolute stereochemistry, and pharmacology of the S-(+)- and R-(-)-isomers of the apparent partial AMPA receptor agonist (R,S)-2-amino-3-(3- hydroxy-5-phenylisoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid [(R, S)-APPA]
    • Ebert B, Lenz S, Brehm L, Bregnedal P, Hansen JJ, Frederiksen K, Bøgesø KP, Krogsgaard-Larsen P (1994) Resolution, absolute stereochemistry, and pharmacology of the S-(+)- and R-(-)-isomers of the apparent partial AMPA receptor agonist (R,S)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5- phenylisoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid [(R, S)-APPA]. J Med Chem 37:878-884
    • (1994) J Med Chem , vol.37 , pp. 878-884
    • Ebert, B.1    Lenz, S.2    Brehm, L.3    Bregnedal, P.4    Hansen, J.J.5    Frederiksen, K.6    Bøgesø, K.P.7    Krogsgaard-Larsen, P.8
  • 27
    • 1642457250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anxiolytic-like effects of escitalopram, citalopram and R-citalopram in maternally separated mouse pups
    • Fish EW, Faccidomo S, Gupta S, Miczek KA (2004) Anxiolytic-like effects of escitalopram, citalopram and R-citalopram in maternally separated mouse pups. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 308:474-480
    • (2004) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.308 , pp. 474-480
    • Fish, E.W.1    Faccidomo, S.2    Gupta, S.3    Miczek, K.A.4
  • 29
    • 0028153817 scopus 로고
    • Sensitive procedure for the determination of reboxetine enantiomers in human plasma by reversed phase HPLC with fluorimetric detection after chiral derivatization with (+)-1-(9-fluorenyl) ethyl chloroformate
    • Frigerio E, Pianezzola E, Strolin Benedetti M (1994) Sensitive procedure for the determination of reboxetine enantiomers in human plasma by reversed phase HPLC with fluorimetric detection after chiral derivatization with (+)-1-(9-fluorenyl) ethyl chloroformate. J Chromatogr A 660:351-358
    • (1994) J Chromatogr A , vol.660 , pp. 351-358
    • Frigerio, E.1    Pianezzola, E.2    Strolin Benedetti, M.3
  • 30
    • 0029869226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum corticosterone increases reflect enhanced uptake inhibitor-induced elevation of extracellular 5-hydroxvtryptamine in rat hypothalamus
    • Fuller RW, Perry KW, Hemrick-Luecke SK, Engleman E (1996) Serum corticosterone increases reflect enhanced uptake inhibitor-induced elevation of extracellular 5-hydroxvtryptamine in rat hypothalamus. J Pharm Pharmacol 48:68-70
    • (1996) J Pharm Pharmacol , vol.48 , pp. 68-70
    • Fuller, R.W.1    Perry, K.W.2    Hemrick-Luecke, S.K.3    Engleman, E.4
  • 31
    • 0033943902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Problems with currently available antidepressants
    • Gumnick JF, Nemeroff CB (2000) Problems with currently available antidepressants. J Clin Psychiatry 61(Suppl 10):5-15
    • (2000) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.61 , Issue.10 SUPPL. , pp. 5-15
    • Gumnick, J.F.1    Nemeroff, C.B.2
  • 32
    • 0003412410 scopus 로고
    • Biometric Laboratory. The George Washington University, Kensington, Md. US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, DHEW publication no. (ADM) 218-222
    • Guy W (1976) ECDEU assessment manual for psychopharmacology (rev. 1976) Biometric Laboratory. The George Washington University, Kensington, Md. US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, DHEW publication no. (ADM) 218-222
    • (1976) ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology (Rev. 1976)
    • Guy, W.1
  • 34
    • 0025951706 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the effects of mianserin and its enantiomers and metabolites on a behavioral screen for antidepressant activity
    • Hand TH, Marek GJ, Seiden LS (1991) Comparison of the effects of mianserin and its enantiomers and metabolites on a behavioral screen for antidepressant activity. Psychopharmacology 105:453-458
    • (1991) Psychopharmacology , vol.105 , pp. 453-458
    • Hand, T.H.1    Marek, G.J.2    Seiden, L.S.3
  • 36
    • 0000164769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The antidepressant effects of citalopram are mediated by the S-(+)- and not the R-(-)-enantiomer
    • Hogg S, Sánchez C (1999) The antidepressant effects of citalopram are mediated by the S-(+)- and not the R-(-)-enantiomer. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 9(Suppl 1):S213
    • (1999) Eur Neuropsychopharmacol , vol.9 , Issue.1 SUPPL.
    • Hogg, S.1    Sánchez, C.2
  • 37
    • 0017165247 scopus 로고
    • Optical isomers of 2-(2-ethoxyphenoxymethyl)tetrahydro-1,4-oxazine (viloxazine) and related compounds
    • Howe R, Leigh T, Rao BS, Todd AH (1976) Optical isomers of 2-(2-ethoxyphenoxymethyl)tetrahydro-1,4-oxazine (viloxazine) and related compounds. J Med Chem 19:1074-1076
    • (1976) J Med Chem , vol.19 , pp. 1074-1076
    • Howe, R.1    Leigh, T.2    Rao, B.S.3    Todd, A.H.4
  • 39
    • 0029910724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions of histaminergic and serotonergic neurons in the hypothalamic regulation of prolactin and ACTH secretion
    • Jørgensen H, Knigge U, Kjaer A, Warberg J (1996) Interactions of histaminergic and serotonergic neurons in the hypothalamic regulation of prolactin and ACTH secretion. Neuroendocrinology 64:329-336
    • (1996) Neuroendocrinology , vol.64 , pp. 329-336
    • Jørgensen, H.1    Knigge, U.2    Kjaer, A.3    Warberg, J.4
  • 40
    • 0034531061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Citalopram therapy for depression: A review of 10 years of European experience and data from US clinical trials
    • Keller MB (2000) Citalopram therapy for depression: a review of 10 years of European experience and data from US clinical trials. J Clin Psychiatry 61:896-908
    • (2000) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.61 , pp. 896-908
    • Keller, M.B.1
  • 42
    • 0032915925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chirality and drugs used in psychiatry: Nice to know or need to know?
    • Lane RM, Baker GB (1999) Chirality and drugs used in psychiatry: nice to know or need to know? Cell Mol Neurobiol 19:355-372
    • (1999) Cell Mol Neurobiol , vol.19 , pp. 355-372
    • Lane, R.M.1    Baker, G.B.2
  • 44
    • 0019954818 scopus 로고
    • Novel phenylpiperidine opioid antagonists and partial agonists: Effects on fluid consumption
    • Leander JD, Hart JC, Lochner MA, Hynes MD III, Zimmerman DM (1982) Novel phenylpiperidine opioid antagonists and partial agonists: effects on fluid consumption. Eur J Pharmacol 81:185-192
    • (1982) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.81 , pp. 185-192
    • Leander, J.D.1    Hart, J.C.2    Lochner, M.A.3    Hynes III, M.D.4    Zimmerman, D.M.5
  • 45
    • 0038441914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Escitalopram (10-20 mg/day) is effective and well tolerated in a placebo-controlled study in depression in primary care
    • Lepola UM, Loft H, Reines EH (2003) Escitalopram (10-20 mg/day) is effective and well tolerated in a placebo-controlled study in depression in primary care. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 18:211-217
    • (2003) Int Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.18 , pp. 211-217
    • Lepola, U.M.1    Loft, H.2    Reines, E.H.3
  • 46
    • 2342481128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do equivalent doses of escitalopram and citalopram have similar efficacy? - A pooled analysis of two positive placebo-controlled studies in major depressive disorder
    • in press
    • Lepola U, Wade W, Andersen HF (2004) Do equivalent doses of escitalopram and citalopram have similar efficacy? - a pooled analysis of two positive placebo-controlled studies in major depressive disorder. Int Clin Psychopharmacol (in press)
    • (2004) Int Clin Psychopharmacol
    • Lepola, U.1    Wade, W.2    Andersen, H.F.3
  • 48
    • 25044467316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different roles of the enantiomers of citalopram on serotonin transmission
    • Lucki I, Brown K (2003) Different roles of the enantiomers of citalopram on serotonin transmission. Biol Psychiatry 53:45S
    • (2003) Biol Psychiatry , vol.53
    • Lucki, I.1    Brown, K.2
  • 49
    • 0031785813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurochemical effects of the enantiomers of mirtazapine in normal rats
    • McGrath C, Burrows GD, Norman TR (1998) Neurochemical effects of the enantiomers of mirtazapine in normal rats. Eur J Pharmacol 356:121-126
    • (1998) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.356 , pp. 121-126
    • McGrath, C.1    Burrows, G.D.2    Norman, T.R.3
  • 51
    • 0344124632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioural effects of escitalopram predict potent antidepressant activity
    • Mitchell PJ, Hogg S (2001) Behavioural effects of escitalopram predict potent antidepressant activity. Biol Psychiatry 49:115S
    • (2001) Biol Psychiatry , vol.49
    • Mitchell, P.J.1    Hogg, S.2
  • 52
    • 2342512548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of escitalopram (S-(+)-citalopram) in the resident-intruder model of antidepressant drug activity
    • Mitchell PJ, Hogg S (2002) Effects of escitalopram (S-(+)-citalopram) in the resident-intruder model of antidepressant drug activity. J Psychopharmacol 16:A42
    • (2002) J Psychopharmacol , vol.16
    • Mitchell, P.J.1    Hogg, S.2
  • 53
    • 0018425438 scopus 로고
    • A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change
    • Montgomery SA, Åsberg M (1979) A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change. Br J Psychiatry 134:382-389
    • (1979) Br J Psychiatry , vol.134 , pp. 382-389
    • Montgomery, S.A.1    Åsberg, M.2
  • 54
    • 0034997617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Escitalopram (S-enantiomer of citalopram): Clinical efficacy and onset of action predicted from a rat model
    • Montgomery SA, Loft H, Sánchez C, Reines EH, Papp M (2001) Escitalopram (S-enantiomer of citalopram): clinical efficacy and onset of action predicted from a rat model. Pharmacol Toxicol 88:282-286
    • (2001) Pharmacol Toxicol , vol.88 , pp. 282-286
    • Montgomery, S.A.1    Loft, H.2    Sánchez, C.3    Reines, E.H.4    Papp, M.5
  • 55
    • 0038168734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The R-enantiomer of citalopram counteracts escitalopram-induced increase in extracellular 5-HT in the frontal cortex of freely moving rats
    • Mørk A, Kreilgaard M, Sánchez C (2003) The R-enantiomer of citalopram counteracts escitalopram-induced increase in extracellular 5-HT in the frontal cortex of freely moving rats. Neuropharmacology 45:167-173
    • (2003) Neuropharmacology , vol.45 , pp. 167-173
    • Mørk, A.1    Kreilgaard, M.2    Sánchez, C.3
  • 56
    • 0022879288 scopus 로고
    • Antidepressant biochemical profile of the novel bicyclic compound Wy-45,030, an ethyl cyclohexanol derivative
    • Muth EA, Haskins JT, Moyer JA et al (1986) Antidepressant biochemical profile of the novel bicyclic compound Wy-45,030, an ethyl cyclohexanol derivative. Biochem Pharmacol 35:4493-4497
    • (1986) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.35 , pp. 4493-4497
    • Muth, E.A.1    Haskins, J.T.2    Moyer, J.A.3
  • 57
    • 0035450364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Second-generation SSRIs: Human monoamine transporter binding profile of escitalopram and R-fluoxetine
    • Owens MJ, Knight DL, Nemeroff CB (2001) Second-generation SSRIs: human monoamine transporter binding profile of escitalopram and R-fluoxetine. Biol Psychiatry 50:345-350
    • (2001) Biol Psychiatry , vol.50 , pp. 345-350
    • Owens, M.J.1    Knight, D.L.2    Nemeroff, C.B.3
  • 58
    • 0020585707 scopus 로고
    • The potential therapeutic role of the enantiomers and metabolites of mianserin
    • Pinder RM, Van-Delft AM (1983) The potential therapeutic role of the enantiomers and metabolites of mianserin. Br J Clin Pharmacol 15:269S-276S
    • (1983) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.15
    • Pinder, R.M.1    Van-Delft, A.M.2
  • 59
    • 0022400048 scopus 로고
    • 3H]paroxetine binding to platelet and neuronal membranes
    • 3H]paroxetine binding to platelet and neuronal membranes. Eur J Pharmacol 119:1-8
    • (1985) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.119 , pp. 1-8
    • Plenge, P.1    Mellerup, E.T.2
  • 60
    • 0023576356 scopus 로고
    • The activity of 25 paroxetine/femoxetine structure variants in various reactions, assumed to be important for the effect of antidepressants
    • Plenge P, Mellerup ET, Honoré T, le Fèvre Honoré P (1987) The activity of 25 paroxetine/femoxetine structure variants in various reactions, assumed to be important for the effect of antidepressants. J Pharm Pharmacol 39:877-882
    • (1987) J Pharm Pharmacol , vol.39 , pp. 877-882
    • Plenge, P.1    Mellerup, E.T.2    Honoré, T.3    Le Fèvre Honoré, P.4
  • 61
    • 0026431314 scopus 로고
    • 3H]citalopram binding to the 5-HT transporter from brain and platelets
    • 3H] citalopram binding to the 5-HT transporter from brain and platelets. Eur J Pharmacol 206:243-250
    • (1991) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.206 , pp. 243-250
    • Plenge, P.1    Mellerup, E.T.2    Laursen, H.3
  • 62
    • 0033551917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and neuroendocrine function
    • Raap DK, Van de Kar LD (1999) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and neuroendocrine function. Life Sci 65:1217-1235
    • (1999) Life Sci , vol.65 , pp. 1217-1235
    • Raap, D.K.1    Van De Kar, L.D.2
  • 63
    • 0033549263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transport mechanisms for the antidepressant citalopram in brain microvessel endothelium
    • Rochat B, Baumann P, Audus KL (1999) Transport mechanisms for the antidepressant citalopram in brain microvessel endothelium. Brain Res 831:229-236
    • (1999) Brain Res , vol.831 , pp. 229-236
    • Rochat, B.1    Baumann, P.2    Audus, K.L.3
  • 64
    • 0037454123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R-citalopram attenuates anxiolytic effects of escitalopram in a rat ultrasonic vocalisation model
    • Sánchez C (2003a) R-citalopram attenuates anxiolytic effects of escitalopram in a rat ultrasonic vocalisation model. Eur J Pharmacol 464:155-158
    • (2003) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.464 , pp. 155-158
    • Sánchez, C.1
  • 65
    • 0037470253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress-induced vocalisation in adult animals. A valid model of anxiety?
    • Sánchez C (2003b) Stress-induced vocalisation in adult animals. A valid model of anxiety? Eur J Pharmacol 463:133-143
    • (2003) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.463 , pp. 133-143
    • Sánchez, C.1
  • 67
    • 1642493727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R-citalopram inhibits functional and 5-HTP-evoked behavioural responses to the SSRI, escitalopram
    • Sánchez C, Kreilgaard M (2004) R-citalopram inhibits functional and 5-HTP-evoked behavioural responses to the SSRI, escitalopram. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 77:391-398
    • (2004) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.77 , pp. 391-398
    • Sánchez, C.1    Kreilgaard, M.2
  • 68
    • 0038508859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Escitalopram, the S-(+)-enantiomer of citalopram, is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor with potent effects in animal models predictive of antidepressant and anxiolytic activities
    • Sánchez C, Bergqvist PBF, Brennum LT, Gupta S, Hogg S, Larsen A, Wiborg O (2003a) Escitalopram, the S-(+)-enantiomer of citalopram, is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor with potent effects in animal models predictive of antidepressant and anxiolytic activities. Psychopharmacology 167:353-362
    • (2003) Psychopharmacology , vol.167 , pp. 353-362
    • Sánchez, C.1    Bergqvist, P.B.F.2    Brennum, L.T.3    Gupta, S.4    Hogg, S.5    Larsen, A.6    Wiborg, O.7
  • 69
    • 0142074886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R-citalopram counteracts the effect of escitalopram in a rat conditioned fear stress model of anxiety
    • Sánchez C, Gruca P, Bien E, Papp M (2003b) R-citalopram counteracts the effect of escitalopram in a rat conditioned fear stress model of anxiety. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 75:903-907
    • (2003) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.75 , pp. 903-907
    • Sánchez, C.1    Gruca, P.2    Bien, E.3    Papp, M.4
  • 70
    • 0141534297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R-citalopram counteracts the antidepressant-like effect of escitalopram in a rat chronic mild stress model
    • Sánchez C, Gruca P, Papp M (2003c) R-citalopram counteracts the antidepressant-like effect of escitalopram in a rat chronic mild stress model. Behav Pharmacol 14:465-470
    • (2003) Behav Pharmacol , vol.14 , pp. 465-470
    • Sánchez, C.1    Gruca, P.2    Papp, M.3
  • 71
    • 0030682236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Steady-state pharmacokinetics of the enantiomers of citalopram and its metabolites in humans
    • Sidhu J, Priskorn M, Poulsen M, Segonzac A, Grollier G, Larsen F (1997) Steady-state pharmacokinetics of the enantiomers of citalopram and its metabolites in humans. Chirality 9:686-692
    • (1997) Chirality , vol.9 , pp. 686-692
    • Sidhu, J.1    Priskorn, M.2    Poulsen, M.3    Segonzac, A.4    Grollier, G.5    Larsen, F.6
  • 72
    • 0345413412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Escitalopram in the treatment of panic disorder: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Stahl S, Gergel I, Li D (2003) Escitalopram in the treatment of panic disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry 64:1322-1327
    • (2003) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.64 , pp. 1322-1327
    • Stahl, S.1    Gergel, I.2    Li, D.3
  • 73
    • 0027442014 scopus 로고
    • Interaction of the enantiomers of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine with human liver cytochromes P450
    • Stevens JC, Wrighton SA (1993) Interaction of the enantiomers of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine with human liver cytochromes P450. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 266:964-971
    • (1993) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.266 , pp. 964-971
    • Stevens, J.C.1    Wrighton, S.A.2
  • 74
    • 2542612920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R-Citalopram functionally antagonizes escitalopram in vivo and in vitro: Evidence for kinetic interaction at the serotonin transporter
    • in press
    • Stórustovu S, Sánchez C, Pörzgen P, Brennum LT, Larsen AK, Pulis M, Ebert B (2004) R-Citalopram functionally antagonizes escitalopram in vivo and in vitro: evidence for kinetic interaction at the serotonin transporter. Br J Pharmacol (in press)
    • (2004) Br J Pharmacol
    • Stórustovu, S.1    Sánchez, C.2    Pörzgen, P.3    Brennum, L.T.4    Larsen, A.K.5    Pulis, M.6    Ebert, B.7
  • 76
    • 0021849951 scopus 로고
    • Separate site(s) of action of optical isomers of 1-methyl-5-phenyl-5- propylbarbituric acid with opposite pharmacological activities at the GABA receptor complex
    • Ticku MK, Rastogi SK, Thyagarajan R (1985) Separate site(s) of action of optical isomers of 1-methyl-5-phenyl-5-propylbarbituric acid with opposite pharmacological activities at the GABA receptor complex. Eur J Pharmacol 112:1-9
    • (1985) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.112 , pp. 1-9
    • Ticku, M.K.1    Rastogi, S.K.2    Thyagarajan, R.3
  • 77
    • 0034712572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chiral switches
    • Tucker GT (2000) Chiral switches. Lancet 355:1085-1087
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.355 , pp. 1085-1087
    • Tucker, G.T.1
  • 78
    • 0009012755 scopus 로고
    • Discovery and preclinical development of the serotonin reuptake inhibitor sertraline
    • Maryanoff BE, Maryanoff CA (eds) JAI, London
    • Welch WM (1995) Discovery and preclinical development of the serotonin reuptake inhibitor sertraline. In: Maryanoff BE, Maryanoff CA (eds) Advances of medicinal chemistry. JAI, London, pp 113-148
    • (1995) Advances of Medicinal Chemistry , pp. 113-148
    • Welch, W.M.1
  • 79
    • 0021750251 scopus 로고
    • Nontricyclic antidepressant agents derived from cis- and trans-1-amino-4-aryltetralins
    • Welch WM, Kraska AR, Sarges R, Koe B K (1984) Nontricyclic antidepressant agents derived from cis- and trans-1-amino-4-aryltetralins. J Med Chem 27:1508-1515
    • (1984) J Med Chem , vol.27 , pp. 1508-1515
    • Welch, W.M.1    Kraska, A.R.2    Sarges, R.3    Koe, B.K.4
  • 80
    • 0021908064 scopus 로고
    • Serotonin uptake inhibitors differentially modulate high affinity imipramine dissociation in human platelet membranes
    • Wennogle LP, Meyerson LR (1985) Serotonin uptake inhibitors differentially modulate high affinity imipramine dissociation in human platelet membranes. Life Sci 36:1541-1550
    • (1985) Life Sci , vol.36 , pp. 1541-1550
    • Wennogle, L.P.1    Meyerson, L.R.2
  • 81
    • 25044474168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3H]-S-citalopram with the human serotonin transporter by an allosteric mechanism
    • 3H]-S-citalopram with the human serotonin transporter by an allosteric mechanism. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 13:S217
    • (2003) Eur Neuropsychopharmacol , vol.13
    • Wiborg, O.1    Sánchez, C.2
  • 82
    • 0026020342 scopus 로고
    • Animal models as simulations of depression
    • Willner P (1991) Animal models as simulations of depression. Trends Pharmacol Sci 12:131-136
    • (1991) Trends Pharmacol Sci , vol.12 , pp. 131-136
    • Willner, P.1
  • 83
    • 0031440325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validity, reliability and utility of the chronic mild stress model of depression: A 10-year review and evaluation
    • Willner P (1997) Validity, reliability and utility of the chronic mild stress model of depression: a 10-year review and evaluation. Psychopharmacology 134:319-329
    • (1997) Psychopharmacology , vol.134 , pp. 319-329
    • Willner, P.1
  • 86
    • 0029029578 scopus 로고
    • Prozac (fluoxetine, Lilly 110140), the first selective serotonin uptake inhibitor and an antidepressant drug: Twenty years since its first publication
    • Wong DT, Bymaster FP, Engleman EA (1995) Prozac (fluoxetine, Lilly 110140), the first selective serotonin uptake inhibitor and an antidepressant drug: twenty years since its first publication. Life Sci 57:411-441
    • (1995) Life Sci , vol.57 , pp. 411-441
    • Wong, D.T.1    Bymaster, F.P.2    Engleman, E.A.3
  • 89
    • 0034074252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stereoselective HPLC-assay for citalopram and its metabolites
    • Zheng Z, Jamour M, Klotz U (2000) Stereoselective HPLC-assay for citalopram and its metabolites. Ther Drug Monit 22:219-224
    • (2000) Ther Drug Monit , vol.22 , pp. 219-224
    • Zheng, Z.1    Jamour, M.2    Klotz, U.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.