Comparative vascular effects of hormone replacement therapy and raloxifene in women at increased cardiovascular risk

Gynecological Endocrinology

Volumn 18, Issue 6, 2004, Pages 291-298

  Cerquetani, E ^a,b,c   Vitale, C ^a   Mercuro, G ^b   Fini, M ^a   Zoncu, S ^b   Rosano, G M C ^a  

^a Hospitalization and Healthcare   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CAGLIARI   (Italy)

^c SPIRITO SANTO HOSPITAL   (Italy)

Author keywords

Cardiovascular Risk; HRT; Raloxifene; Vascular Effects

Indexed keywords

CONJUGATED ESTROGEN PLUS MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; ENDOTHELIN 1; NITRATE; NITRITE; RALOXIFENE;

ADULT; ARTERY BLOOD FLOW; ARTICLE; BLOOD ANALYSIS; BRACHIAL ARTERY; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; CROSSOVER PROCEDURE; DATA ANALYSIS; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; DRUG EFFECT; ENDOTHELIUM; ESTROGEN THERAPY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MENOPAUSAL SYNDROME; POSTMENOPAUSE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VASODILATATION;

AGED; BRACHIAL ARTERY; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CROSS-OVER STUDIES; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; ENDOTHELIN-1; ENDOTHELIUM, VASCULAR; ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY; ESTROGENS, CONJUGATED (USP); FEMALE; HUMANS; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE 17-ACETATE; MIDDLE AGED; NITRATES; NITRITES; POSTMENOPAUSE; PULSATILE FLOW; RALOXIFENE; SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VASODILATION;

EID: 3142689131     PISSN: 09513590     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09513590410001729888     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Barrett-Connor E, Grady D. Hormone replacement therapy, heart disease, and other considerations. Annu Rev Public Health 1998;19:55-72
2. Mendelsohn ME, Karas RH. The protective effects of estrogen on the cardiovascular system. N Engl J Med 1999;340:1801-11
3. Grodstein F, Stampfer M. The epidemiology of coronary heart disease and estrogen replacement in postmenopausal women. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1995;38:199-210
4. The Writing Group for the PEPI trial. Effects of estrogen or estrogen/progestin regimens on heart disease risk factors in postmenopausal women. J Am Med Assoc 1995;273:199-208
5. Hulley S, Grady D, Bush T, et al. Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Research Group. J Am Med Assoc 1998;280:605-13
6. Simon T, Jaillon P. Hormone replacement therapy and cardiovascular risk in menopausal women. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 2001;94:132-8
7. Nelson HD, Humphrey LL, Nygren P, et al. Post-menopausal hormone replacement therapy: scientific review. J Am Med Assoc 2002;288:872-81
8. Tremollieres FA, Cigagna F, Alquier C, et al. Effect of hormone replacement therapy on age-related increase in carotid artery intima-media thickness in post-menopausal women. Atherosclerosis 2000;153:81-8
9. Hayashi T, Ito I, Kano H, et al. Estriol (E3) replacement improves endothelial function and bone mineral density in very elderly women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2000;55A:B183-90
10. McCrohon JA, Adams MR, McCredie RJ, et al. Hormone replacement therapy is associated with improved arterial physiology in healthy postmenopausal women. Clin Endocrinol 1996;45:435-41
11. Schachinger V, Britten MB, Zeiher AM. Prognostic impact of coronary vasodilator dysfunction on adverse long-term outcome of coronary heart disease. Circulation 2000;101:1899-906
12. Williams JK, Honore EK, Adams MR. Contrasting effects of conjugated estrogens and tamoxifen on dilator responses of atherosclerotic epicardial coronary arteries in nonhuman primates. Circulation 1997;96:1970-5
13. Konukoglu D, Serin O, Yelke HK. Effects of hormone replacement therapy on plasma nitric oxide and total thiol levels in postmenopausal women. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2000;60:81-7
14. Vitale C, Fini M, Leonardo F, et al. Effect of estradiol valerate alone or in association with cyproterone acetate upon vascular function of postmenopausal women at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Maturitas 2001;40:239-45
15. Miyagawa K, Rösch J, Stanczyk F, et al. Medroxyprogesterone interferes with ovarian steroid protection against coronary vasospasm. Nature Med 1997;3:324-7
16. Adams MR, Register TC, Golden DL, et al. Medroxyprogesterone acetate antagonizes inhibitory effects of conjugated equine estrogens on coronary artery atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997;17:217-21
17. Koh KK, Jin DK, Yang SH, et al. Vascular effects of synthetic or natural progestagen combined with conjugated equine estrogen in healthy postmenopausal women. Circulation 2001;103:1961-6
18. Herrington DM, Werbel BL, Riley WA, et al. Individual and combined effects of estrogen/progestin therapy and lovastatin on lipids and flow-mediated vasodilation in postmenopausal women with coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;33:2030-7
19. Saitta A, Morabito N, Frisina N, et al. Cardiovascular effects of raloxifene hydrochloride. Cardiovasc Drug Rev 2001;19:57-74
20. Simoncini T, Genazzani AR. Raloxifene acutely stimulates nitric oxide release from human endothelial cells via an activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:2966-9
21. Figtree GA, Lu Y, Webb CM, et al. Raloxifene acutely relaxes rabbit coronary arteries in vitro by an estrogen receptor-dependent and nitric oxide-dependent mechanism. Circulation 1999;100:1095-101
22. Saitta A, Altavilla D, Cucinotta D, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study on effects of raloxifene and hormone replacement therapy on plasma NO concentrations, endothelin-1 levels, and endothelium-dependent vasodilation in postmenopausal women. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001;21:1512-19
23. Colacurci N, Manzella D, Fornaro F, et al. Endothelial function and menopause: effects of raloxifene administration. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:2135-40
24. Sarrel PM, Nawaz H, Chan W, et al. Raloxifene and endothelial function in healthy postmenopausal women. AmJ Obstet Gynecol 2003;188:304-9
25. Wassmann S, Laufs U, Stamenkovic D, et al. Raloxifene improves endothelial dysfunction in hypertension by reduced oxidative stress and enhanced nitric oxide production. Circulation 2002;105:2083-91
26. Mercuro G, Vitale C, Fini M, et al. Lipid profiles and endothelial function with low-dose hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women at risk for coronary artery disease: a randomized trial. Int J Cardiol 2003;89:257-65
27. Vitale C, Fini M, Leonardo F, et al. Effect of estradiol valerate alone or in association with cyproterone acetate upon vascular function of postmenopausal women at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Maturitas 2001;40:239-45
28. Hayashi T, Yamada K, Esaki T, et al. Estrogen increases endothelial nitric oxide by a receptor-mediated system. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1995;214:847-55
29. Rosano GM, Webb CM, Chierchia S, et al. Natural progesterone, but not medroxyprogesterone acetate, enhances the beneficial effect of estrogen on exercise-induced myocardial ischemia in postmenopausal women. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;36:2154-9
30. Cerquetani E, Leonardo F, Pagnotta P, et al. Anti-ischemic effect of chronic oestrogen replacement therapy alone or in combination with medroxyprogesterone acetate in different replacement schemes. Maturitas 2001;39:245-51
31. Koh KK, Blum A, Hathaway L, et al. Vascular effects of estrogen and vitamin E therapies in postmenopausal women. Circulation 1999;100:1851-7
32. van Baal WM, Emeis JJ, Kenemans P, et al. Short-term hormone replacement therapy: reduced plasma levels of soluble adhesion molecules. Eur J Clin Invest 1999;29:913-21
33. De Valk-de Roo GW, Stehouwer CDA, Meijer P, et al. Both raloxifene and estrogen reduce major cardiovascular risk factors in healthy postmenopausal women. A 2-year, placebo-controlled study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999;19:2993-3000
34. Walsh BW, Kuller LH, Wild RA, et al. Effects of raloxifene on serum lipids and coagulation factors in healthy postmenopausal women. J Am Med Assoc 1998;279:1445-51
35. Simoncini T, Genazzani AR, Liao JK. Nongenomic mechanisms of endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation by the selective estrogen receptor modulator raloxifene. Circulation 2002;105:1368-73
36. Simoncini T, Genazzani AR. Raloxifene acutely stimulates nitric oxide release from human endothelial cells via an activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:2966-9
37. Simoncini T, Genazzani AR. Direct vascular effects of estrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2000;12:181-7