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Volumn 14, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 407-414

The vertebrate segmentation clock

Author keywords

basic helix loop helix; bHLH; E(spl); Enhancer of split; hairy E(spl) gene homologue; hairy E(spl) related gene; her; Hes; Lfng; Lunatic fringe; presomitic mesoderm; PSM

Indexed keywords

AXIN; BETA CATENIN; MESSENGER RNA; NOTCH RECEPTOR;

EID: 3142622938     PISSN: 0959437X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2004.06.014     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (103)

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    • This paper uses morpholino-mediated knock-down of gene expression and analysis of mutant zebrafish to demonstrate the requirement for her1 and the Notch pathway in the generation of cyclic gene expression in the zebrafish PSM. The authors propose that a negative feedback loop (Notch → her1 - Notch) constitutes the core oscillator.
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    • Hairy/E(spl)-related (Her) genes are central components of the segmentation oscillator and display redundancy with the Delta/Notch signaling pathway in the formation of anterior segmental boundaries in the zebrafish
    • ••], this paper identifies the combined requirement for the two linked bHLH repressor proteins Her1 and Her7 in the zebrafish segmentation clock.
    • ••], this paper identifies the combined requirement for the two linked bHLH repressor proteins Her1 and Her7 in the zebrafish segmentation clock.
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    • Two linked hairy/Enhancer of split-related zebrafish genes, her1 and her7, function together to refine alternating somite boundaries
    • ••] define partially redundant roles for her1 and her7 in the generation of cyclic expression patterns.
    • ••] define partially redundant roles for her1 and her7 in the generation of cyclic expression patterns.
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    • Wnt3a plays a major role in the segmentation clock controlling somitogenesis
    • This paper proposes that the segmentation clock in mice is based on cyclic activation of the Wnt signalling pathway. Transcription of the Wnt pathway negative regulator Axin2 oscillates in the mouse PSM, and forced constant expression of Axin2 impairs segmentation. A negative feedback loop is created because the Axin2 gene is itself positively regulated by Wnt signalling. Whereas oscillations of Axin2 are preserved in Notch pathway mutants, oscillations of Notch pathway components are lost in a Wnt3a hypomorphic mutant (although this could be secondary to the downregulation of Fgf8 expression, which is dependent on Wnt3a). Thus, a Wnt-based oscillator might be the driver of oscillation in Notch pathway activity.
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    • A graded FGF8 signal delimits the region in which the segmentation oscillator functions. This paper shows that fgf8 mRNA is made at the tail end of the embryo, which leaves behind a trail of PSM cells in which the mRNA is gradually degraded. Thus the length of the PSM (the domain of the oscillator) is a reflection of the degradation kinetics of fgf8 mRNA.
    • Dubrulle J., Pourquié O. fgf8 mRNA decay establishes a gradient that couples axial elongation to patterning in the vertebrate embryo. Nature. 427:2004;419-422 A graded FGF8 signal delimits the region in which the segmentation oscillator functions. This paper shows that fgf8 mRNA is made at the tail end of the embryo, which leaves behind a trail of PSM cells in which the mRNA is gradually degraded. Thus the length of the PSM (the domain of the oscillator) is a reflection of the degradation kinetics of fgf8 mRNA.
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* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.