Cerebellar cortical dysplasia: MRI features and significance;Dysplasie du cortex cérébelleux: Aspects en IRM et signification

Journal de Radiologie

Volumn 85, Issue 6 I, 2004, Pages 729-740

  Ares, G Soto ^a   Deries, B ^a   Delmaire, C ^a   Devisme, L ^a   Ruchoux, M M ^a   Pruvo, J P ^a  

^a LILLE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (France)

Author keywords

Cerebellum; Cerebral Malformation; Cortex, dysplasia; Heterotopia; Mental retardation; MRI; Polymicrogyria

Indexed keywords

AGENESIS; AGYRIA; BRAIN FUNCTION; BRAIN MALFORMATION; CEREBELLUM; CEREBELLUM VERMIS; CORTICAL DYSPLASIA; EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; HETEROTOPIA; HISTOGENESIS; HUMAN; MENTAL DEFICIENCY; MICROGYRIA; MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; NEUROSURGERY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PATHOGENESIS; REVIEW; RHOMBENCEPHALOSYNAPSIS;

EID: 3142579299     PISSN: 02210363     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/s0221-0363(04)97675-5     Document Type: Review

References (91)

1. Rorke LB, Fogelson MH, Riggs HE. Cerebellar heterotopia in infancy. Dev Med Child Neurol 1968;10:644-50.
2. Friede RL Developmental neuropathology. 2nd edn. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, 1989:361-71.
3. Aida N, Tamagawa K, Takada K et al. Brain MR in Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1996;17:605-13.
4. Sugita K, Ando M, Makino M, Takanashi J, Fujimoto N, Niimi H. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in congenital rubella virus and cytomegalovirus infections. Neuroradiology 1991;33:239-42.
5. Marques Dias MJ, Harmant-van Rijckeevorsel G, Landrieu P et al. Prenatal Cytomegalovirus Disease and Cerebral Microgyria: Evidence for perfusion failure, not disturbance of histogenesis, as the major cause of fetal cytomegalovirus encephalopathy. Neuropediatrics 1984;15: 18-24.
6. Chugani DC, Muzik O, Behen M et al. Developmental changes in brain serotonin synthesis capacity in autistic and nonautistic children. Ann Neurol 1999;45: 287-95.
7. Ferguson SA. Neuroanatomical and functional alterations resulting frome aerly postnatal cerebellar insults in rodents. Pharmacolo Biochem Behav 1996; 55:663-71.
8. Inouye M, Hayasaka S, Funahshi A et al. Gamma-Radiation produces abnormal bergman fibers and ectopic granulle cells in mouse cerebellar cortex. J Radiat Res 1992;33:275-81.
9. Sekguchi M, Shimai S, Moriya M, Nowakowski RS. Abnormalities of foliation and neuronal position in the cerebellum of NZB/BINJ mouse. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 1991;17:189-95.
10. Barth P. Disorders of neuronal migration. Canadian J Neurol Sci 1987;14:1-16.
11. Ruchoux MM, Vincent S, Maurage CA, Gelot A. Angiogenesis and neuropathology (In French). Path Biol 1999;47:385-96.
12. Sakata-Haga H, Sawada K, Hisano S and Fukui Y. Abnormalities of cerebellar foliation in rats prenatally exposed to ethanol. In press: Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 2001;102:36-40.
13. Shetty AK and DE Phillips. Effects of prenatal ethanol exposure on the development of bergmann Glia and astrocytes in the rat cerebellum: an immunohistochemical study. The Journal of comparative Neurology 1992;321:19-32.
14. Shetty AK, Burrows RC, Wall KA, Phillips DE. Combined pre-and postnatal ethanol exposure alters the development of bergmann glia in rat cerebellum Int J Dev Neurosci 1994;12:641-9.
15. Sowell ER, Jernigan TL, Mattson SN, Riley E, Sobel D, Lyons JK. Abormal development of the cerebellar vermis in children prenatally exposed to alcohol: size reduction in lobules I-V.ellum. Int J Devl Neuroscience 1994;12:641-9.
16. Swayze VW, Johnson VP, Hanon J. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of brain anomalies in fetal alcohol syndrome. Pediatrics 1997;99:232-9.
17. Soto-Ares G, Delmaire C, Deries B et al. Cerebellar cortical dysplasia: MR findings in a complex entity. Am J Neuroradiol 2000;21:1511-9.
18. Demarel Ph, Lievel-lagae PC, Baert AL. MR of cerebellar cortical dysplasia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1998;19:984-6.
19. Sasaki M, Oikawa H, Ehara S et al. Disorganised unilateral cerebellar folia: a mild form of cerebellar cortical dysplasia? Neuroradiology 2001;43:151-5.
20. Demaerel P. Abnormalities of cerebellar foliation and fissuration: classification, neurogenetics and clinicoradiological correlations. Neuroradiology 2002;44: 639-46.
21. Millen KJ, Millonig JH, Wingate RJT, Alder J, Hatten ME. Neurogenetics of the Cerebellar System. Journal of Child Neurology 1999;14:574-82.
22. Herrup K, Kuemerle B. The compartmentalization of the cerebellum. Annu Rev Neurosci 1997;20:61-90.
23. Millen KJ, Wurst W, Herrup K, Joyner AL. Abnormal embryonic cerebellar development and patterning of postnatal foliation in two mouse Engrailed-2 mutants. Development 1994;120:695-706.
24. Kuemerle B, Zanjani H, Joyner A, Herrup K. Pattern deformities and cell loss in engrailed-2 Mutant mice suggest two separate patterning events during Cerebellar; Development. J of Neurosci 1997; 17: 7881-9.
25. Komuro H, Rakic P. Distinct Modes of Neuronal Migration in Different Domains of Developing Cerebellar Cortex. The Journal of Neuroscience 1998;15: 1478-90.
26. Baader S, Sanlioglu AS, Berrebi J, Parker-Thornburg A, Oberdick J. Ectopic Overexpression of Engrailed-2 in cerebellar Purkinje Cells Causes Restricted Cell Losse and Retarded External Germinal Layer Developpment at Lobule Junctions. The Journal of Neuroscience 1998;18:1763-73.
27. Liu Y, May NR, Fan CM. Growth arrrest specific gene 1 is a positive growth regulator for the cerebellum. Dev Biol 2001; 236:30-45.
28. Engelkamp D, Rashbass P, Seawright A, Heyningen V. Role of Pax6 development of the cerebellar system. Development 1999;126:3585-96.
29. Dahmane N, Ruiz Y, Altaba A. Sonic hedgehog regulates the growth and pattering of the cerebelum. Development 1999;126:3089-100.
30. Conradi NG. Cerebellar Foliation in Rats. Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand 1987;95:193-206.
31. Conradi NG. Cerebellar foliation in Rats. 1.Cortical changes preceding the formation of a fissure. Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand 1985;93:385-9.
32. Mares V, Lodin Z. The cellular kinetics of developing mouse cerebellum. The function of the external granule cells layer in the process of gyrification. Brain Research 1970;23:343-52.
33. Lauder JM, Altman J, Krebs H. Some mechanisms of cerebellar foliation: effects of early hyopo and hyperthyroidism Brain Research 1974;76:33-40.
34. Sekiguchi M, Abe H, Moriya M, tanaka O, Nowalowski. RS Cerebellar microfolia and other abnormalities of neuronal growth, migration, and lamination in the pitldw-J homozygote mutant mouse. J Comp Neurol 1998;400:363-74.
35. Wahlsten P, Andison M. Patterns of cerebellar foliation in recombinant inbred mice. Brain Res 1991;557:184-9.
36. Cooper PA, Benno RH, Hahn ME, Hewitt JK. Genetic analysis of cerebellar foliation patterns in mice (mus musculus). Behav Genet 1991;21:405-19.
37. Napieralski JA, LM Eisenman. Developmental analysis of the external granular layer in the meander tail mutant mouse: do cerebellar microneurons have independent progenitors? Dev Dyn 1993;197: 244-54.
38. Goldwitz D, Cushing RC, Laywell E, et al. Cerebellar disorganization characteristic of reeler in scrambler mutant mice despite presence of reelin. J Neurosci 1997;17:8767-77.
39. Gallagher E, Howell BW, Soriano P, Cooper JA, Hawkes R. Cerebellar abnormalities in the disabled (mdab-1) mouse. J Comp Neurol 1998;402:238-51.
40. Ben-Arie N, Bellen H, Armstrong D, et al. Math1 is esential for the genesis of cerebellar granule neurons. Nature 1990;390: 169-72.
41. Lorke DE, Niedermauntel W. Foliation of the cerebellar vermis in trisomy 19 mice. Brain Res Bull 1999;32:215-22.
42. Park C, Longo CM, Ackerman SL. Genetic ands physical mapping of the cerebellar deficient folia (cdf) locus on mous chromosome 6. Genomics 2000;69:135-8.
43. Lyon D, Raymond G, Mogami K, Gadisseux JF, Della Giustina E. Disorder of cerebellar foliation in Walker's lissencephaly and neu-laxova syndrome. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1993;52:633-9.
44. Dahmane N, Ruiz y Altaba A. Sonic hedgehog regulates the growth and pattering of the cerebelum. Development 1999;126: 3089-100.
45. Kuwamura M, Ishida A, Yamate J et al. Chronological and immunohistochemical observations of cerebellar dysplasia and vermis defect in the hereditary cerebellar vermis defect (CVD) rat. Acta Neuropathol 1997;94:549-56.
46. Kuwamura M, Morikawa T, Yamate J, Kato K, Kotani T, Sakuma S. Glial pathology in development of cerebellar dysplasia in the hereditary cerebellar vermis defect (CVD) rat. Acta Neuropathol 2000;99:305-9.
47. Kuwamura M, Shirota A, Yamate J, et al. Analysis of aberrant neuronal migrations in the hereditary cerebellar vermis defect (CVD) rat using bromodeoxyuridine immunohistochemistry. Acta Neuropathol 1998;95:143-8.
48. Ceballos R, Ch'ien LT, Whitley RJ et al. Cerebellar hyoplasia in an infant with congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Pediatrics 1976;57:155-7.
49. Friede RL, Mikolasec J. Postencephalic porencephaly, hydranencephaly or polymicrogyria. Areview. Acta Neuropathologica 1978;43:161-8.
50. Mercier F, Hatton GI. Connexin 26 and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Are Expressed Primarily in the Subpial ans Subependymal Layers in Adult Brain Parenchyma: Roles in stem cell proliferation and morphological plasticity. J Comp Neurol 2001;431:88-104.
51. von Knebel Doeberitz C, Sievers J, Sadler M, et al. Destruction of meningeal cells over the newborn hamster cerebellum with 6-hydroxydopamine prevents and lamination in the rostral cerebellum. Neuroscience 1986;17:409-26.
52. Hartman D, Schulze M, Sievers J. Meningeal cells stimulate and direct the migration of cerebellar external granule cells in vitro. J of Neurocytology 1998;27: 395-09.
53. Sievers R, Pehlemann FW, Gude S and Berry M. Meningeal cels organize the superficial glia limitans of the cerebellum and produce components of both the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Journal of Neurocytology 1994;20: 135-49.
54. Yamamoto T, Toyoda Ch, Kobayashi M et al Brain & Development 1997;19:35-42.
55. Dambska M, Kamionowska ML. The role of glial-pial barrier lesions and impaired vascularisation in anomalous formation of cortical convolutions Brain & Development 2001;23:223-7.
56. Akima M, Nonaka H, Kagesawa M, Tanaka K. A study on the microvasculature of the cortex. The fundamental architecture and its senile change in the cerebellar hemisphere. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 1987;75:69-76.
57. Lee C, Kim DW, Jeon GS et al. Cerebellar alterations induced by chronic hypoxia: an immunohistochemical study using a chick embryonic model. Brain research 2001;901:271-6.
58. Roncali L, Mancini L, Ribatti D, Nico B. Effects of chronic hypoxia on microcirculation of the central nervous system during embryonic development. Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper 1984;60:37-43.
59. Soto-Ares G, Devisme L, Jorriot S, Deries B, Pruvo JP, Ruchoux MM. Neuropathologic and MR imaging correlation in a neonatal case of cerebellar cortical dysplasia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2002; 23:1101-4.
60. Gelot A, Billette de Villemeur T, Bordarier C et al. Developmental aspects of type II lissencephaly. Comparative study of dysplastic lesions in fetal and post-natal brains. Acta Naeuropathol 1995;89:72-84.
61. Mercier F, Hatton G. Immunocytochemical Basis for a Meningeo-Glial Network. The Journal of Comparative Neurology 2000;420:445-65.
62. Takada K, Nakamura H. Cerebellar micropolygyria in Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy: observations in fetal and pediatric cases. Brain Dev 1990; 12:774-8.
63. Inouye M, Hayasaka S, Funahshi A et al. Gamma-Radiation produces abnormal bergman fibers and ectopic granulle cells in mouse cerebellar cortex. J Radiat Res 1992;33:275-81.
64. Marsot C, Delmaire C, Soto Ares G, Pruvo JP, Francke JP. Étude radio-anatomique du cervelet. Feuillets de Radiologie 2002;42:423-8.
65. Patel S, Barkovich AJ. Analysis and classification of cerebellar malformations. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2002;23:1074-87.
66. Soto-Ares G. Analysis and classification of cerebellar malformations AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2003;24:153.
67. Soto-Ares G, Joyes B, Lemaitre MP, Vallée L, Pruvo JP. MRI in children with mental retardation. Pediatr Radiol 2003; 33:334-5.
68. Komatsu S, Sakata-Haga H, Sawada K, Hisano S, Fukui Y. Prenatal exposure to ethanol induces leptomeningeal heterotopia in the cerebral cortex of the rat fetus. Acta Neuropathol 2001;101:22-6.
69. Leiner HC, Leiner AL, Dow RS. The human cerebro-cerebellar system: its computing, cognitive, and language skills. Behavioral Brain Research 1991;44: 113-28.
70. Tamada T, Miyauchi S, Imamizu H, et al. Cerebro-cerebellar fonctional connectivity revealed by the laterality index in tool-use learning. Neuro-Report 1991;10: 325-31.
71. Parsons LM, Bower JM, Gao JH et al. (1997) Lateral cerebellar hemispheres actively sensory acquisition and discrimination rather than motor control. Learn Mem 1997;4:49-62.
72. Jancke L, Specht K, Mirzazade and Peters M. (1999) The effect of finger-movement speed of the dominant and the sud-bominant hand on cerebellar activation: A fonctional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. NeuroImage 1999;9:497-507.
73. Peeters RR, Verhoye M, Vos BP et al. A patchy horizontal organization of the somatosensory activation MRI. European Journal of Neuroscience 1999;11:2720-30.
74. Ciesielski KT, Harris RJ, Hart BL, et al. Cerebellar hypoplasia and frontal lobe cognitive deficits in disorders of early childhood. Neurpsychologia 1997;35:643-55.
75. Andreasen NC, Paradiso S, O'leary DS. "Cognitive Dysmetria" as an Integrative Theory of Schizophrenia: A dysfunction in Cortical-Subcortical- Cerebellar Circuitry? Schizophrenia Bulletin 1998:24: 203-18.
76. Lesnik PG, Ciesielski KT, Hart BL, Benzel EC, Sanders JA. Evidence for cerebellar-frontal subsystem changes in children treated with intrathecal chemotherapy for leukemia: enhanced data analysis using an effect size model. Arch Neurol 1998;55:1561-8.
77. Middleton FA, Strick PL. Basal ganglia and cerebellar loops: motor and cognitive circuits. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 2000; 31:236-50.
78. Middleton FA, Strick PL. Basal ganglia output and cognition: evidence from anatomical, behavioral, and clinical studies. Brain Cogn 2000;42:183-200.
79. Middleton FA, Strick PL. Cerebellar projections to the prefrontal cortex of the primate. J Neurosci. 2001;21:700-12.
80. Casey BJ, Castellanos FX, Giedd JN. Implication of right frontostriatal circuitry in response inhibition and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997;36:374-83.
81. Courchesne E. An MRI study of autism: the cerebellum revisited. Neurology. 1999;52:1106-7.
82. Carper RA, Courchesne E. Inverse correlation between frontal lobe and cerebellum sizes in children with autism. Brain 2000;123:836-44.
83. Houk JC. One the role of the cerebellum and basal ganglia in cognitive signal processing. Progress in Brain Research 1997; 114:543-52.
84. Parsons LM, Denton D, Egan G et al. Neuroimaging evidence implicating cerebellum in support of sensory/cognitive processes associated with thirst. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000;97:2332-6.
85. Akshoomoff NA, Courchesne E, Press GA, Iragui V. Contribution of the cerebellum to neuropsychological functioning: evidence from a case of cerebellar degenerative disorder. Neuropsychologia 1992;30:315-28.
86. Parsons LM, Egan G, Liotti M et al. Neuroimaging evidence implicating cerebellum in the experience of hypercapnia and hunger for air. 2001;98:2041-6.
87. Parsons LM. Integrating cognitive psychology, neurology and neuroimaging. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2001;107:155-81.
88. Jones W, Hesselink J, Courchesne E, Duncan T, Matsuda K, Bellugi U. Cerebellar abnormalities in infants and toddlers with Williams syndrome. Dev Med Child Neurol 2002;44:688-94.
89. Sans A, Boix C, Colome R, Campistol J. The contribution of the cerebellum to cognitive function in childhood Rev Neurol 2002;35:235-7.
90. Beldarrain MG. The cerebellum may be directly involved in cognitive functions. Neurology 2002;59:791.
91. Habas C. The cerebellum: from motor coordination to cognitive function. Rev Neurol 2001;157:1471-97