Longitudinal variability of water vapor and cirrus in the tropical tropopause layer

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 110, Issue 7, 2005, Pages 1-12

  Clark, H L ^a  

^a CENTRE NATIONAL DE RECHERCHES MÉTÉOROLOGIQUES   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CIRRUS; REMOTE SENSING; TROPOPAUSE; WATER VAPOR;

EID: 30344435590     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2004JD004943     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Barath, F., et al. (1993), The Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite Microwave limb sounder instrument, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 10, 751-10, 762.
2. Boehm, M. T., and J. Verlinde (2000), Stratospheric influence on upper tropospheric tropical cirrus, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 3209-3212.
3. Borrmann, S., S. Solomon, J. E. Dye, and B. Luo (1996), The potential of cirrus clouds for heterogeneous chlorine activation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 2133-2136.
4. Brewer, A. M. (1949), Evidence for a world circulation provided by the measurements of helium and water vapor distribution in the stratosphere, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 75, 351-363.
5. Clark, H. L., and R. S. Harwood (2003), CLAES cirrus in the tropical tropopausc layer, paper presented at EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, AGU, Nice, France, 6-11 April.
6. Clark, H. L., R. S. Harwood, P. W. Mote, and W. G. Read (1998), Variability of water vapor in the tropical upper troposphere as measured by the Microwave Limb Sounder on UARS, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 31, 695-31, 707.
7. Clark, H. L., R. S. Harwood, A. Billingham, and H. C. Pumphrey (2003), Cirrus and water vapor in the tropical tropopause layer observed by the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D24), 4751, doi: 10.1029/2003JD003748.
8. Cleveland, W. S. (1993), Visualizing Data, pp. 94-101, AT&T Bell Lab., Murray Hill, N. J.
9. Danielsen, E. F. (1982), A dehydration mechanism for the stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 9, 605-608.
10. Eguchi, N., and M. Shiotani (2004), Intraseasonal variations of water vapor and cirrus clouds in the tropical upper troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D12106, doi:10.1029/2003JD004314.
11. Fueglistaler, S., H. Wernli, and T. Peter (2004), Tropical troposphere-to-stratosphere transport inferred from trajectory calculations, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D03108, doi:10.1029/2003JD004069.
12. Gettelman, A., and P. M. de F. Forster (2002), A climatology of the tropical tropopause layer, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 80, 911-924.
13. Gettelman, A., J. R. Holton, and A. R. Douglass (2000), Simulations of water vapor in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 9003-9023.
14. Gettelman, A., W. J. Randel, S. Massie, F. Wu, W. G. Read, and J. M. Russell III (2001), El-Nino as a natural experiment for studying the tropical tropopause region, J. Clim., 14, 3375-3392.
15. Gettelman, A., M. L. Salby, and F. Sassi (2002), Distribution and influence of convection in the tropical tropopause region, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D10), 4080, doi:10.1029/2001JD001048.
16. Hartmann, D. L., J. R. Holton, and Q. Fu (2001), The heat balance of the tropical tropopause, cirrus and stratospheric dehydration, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1969-1972.
17. Hendon, H. H., and J. Glick (1997), Intraseasonal air-sea interaction in the tropical Indian and Pacific oceans, J. Clim., 10, 647-661.
18. Jensen, E. J., O. B. Toon, H. B. Selkirk, J. D. Spinhirne, and M. R. Schoeberl (1996), On the formation and persistence of subvisible cirrus clouds near the tropical tropopause, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 21, 361-21, 376.
19. Jensen, E. J., W. G. Read, J. Mergenthaler, B. J. Sandor, L. Pfister, and A. Tabazadeh (1999), High humidities and subvisible cirrus near the tropical tropopause, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 2347-2350.
20. Jiang, J. H., B. Wang, K. Goya, K. Hocke, S. D. Eckermann, J. Ma, D. L. Wu, and W. J. Read (2004), Geographical distribution and interseasonal variability of tropical deep convection: UARS MLS observations and analyses, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D03111, doi: 10.1029/2003JD003756.
21. Kent, G. S., E. R. Williams, P.-H. Wang, M. P. McCormick, and K. M. Skeens (1995), Surface temperature related variations in tropical cirrus cloud as measured by SAGE II, J. Clim., 8, 2577-2594.
22. Liebmann, B., and C. A. Smith (1996), Description of a complete (interpolated) outgoing longwave radiation dataset, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 77, 1275-1277.
23. Livesey, N. J., W. G. Read, L. Froidevaux, J. W. Waters, H. C. Pumphrey, D. L. Wu, M. L. Santee, Z. Shippony, and R. F. Jarnot (2003), The UARS Microwave Limb Sounder version 5 dataset: Theory, characterization and validation, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4378, doi:10.1029/2002JD002273.
24. Massie, S. T., P. Lowe, X. Tie, M. Hervig, G. Thomas, and J. Russell III (2000), Effect of the 1997 El Niño on the distribution of upper tropospheric cirrus, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 22, 725-22, 741.
25. Massie, S. T., A. Gettelman, W. J. Randel, and D. Baumgardner (2002), The distribution of tropical cirrus in relation to convection, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D21), 4591, doi:10.1029/2001JD001293.
26. Mergenthaler, J. L., A. E. Roche, J. B. Kumer, and G. A. Ely (1999), Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer observations of tropical cirrus, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 22, 183-22, 194.
27. Mote, P. W., K. H. Rosenlof, M. E. McIntyre, E. S. Carr, J. C. Gille, J. S. Holton, J. S. Kinnersley, H. C. Pumphrey, J. M. Russell III, and J. W. Waters (1996), An atmospheric tape recorder: The imprint of tropical tropopause temperatures on stratospheric water vapor, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 3989-4006.
28. Mote, P. W., H. L. Clark, T. J. Dunkerton, R. S. Harwood, and H. C. Pumphrey (2000), Intraseasonal variations of water vapor in the tropical upper troposphere and tropopause region, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 17, 457-17, 470.
29. Newell, R. E., Y. Zhu, W. G. Read, and J. W. Waters (1997), Relationship between tropical upper tropospheric moisture and eastern tropical Pacific sea surface temperature at seasonal and interannual time scales, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 25-28.
30. Norton, W. A. (2001), Longwave heating of the tropical lower stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 3653-3656.
31. Pawson, S., and M. Fiorino (1998), A comparison of reanalyses in the tropical stratosphere. Part 1: Thermal structure and the annual cycle, Clim. Dyn., 14, 631-644.
32. Pfister, L., K. R. Chan, T. P. Bul, S. Bowden, M. Legg, B. Bary, K. Kelly, M. Proffitt, and W. Starr (1993), Gravity waves generated by a tropical cyclone during the STEP Tropical Field Program: A case study, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 8611-8638.
33. Pfister, L., et al. (2001), Aircraft observations of thin cirrus clouds near the tropical tropopause, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 9765-9786.
34. Potter, B. E., and J. R. Holton (1995), The role of monsoon convection in the dehydration of the lower tropical stratosphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 1034-1050.
35. Pumphrey, H. C. (1999), Validation of a prototype water vapor retrieval for UARS MLS, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 9399-9412.
36. Read, W. G., J. W. Waters, D. A. Flower, L. Froidevaux, R. F. Jarnot, D. L. Hartmann, R. S. Harwood, and R. B. Rood (1995), Upper tropospheric water vapor from UARS MLS, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 76, 2381-2389.
37. Read, W. G., et al. (2001), UARS MLS upper tropospheric humidity measurement: Method and validation, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 32, 207-32, 258.
38. Read, W. G., D. L. Wu, J. W. Waters, and H. C. Pumphrey (2004a), A new 147-56 hPa water vapor product from the UARS Microwave Limb Sounder, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D06111, doi:10.1029/2003JD004366.
39. Read, W. G., D. L. Wu, J. W. Waters, and H. C. Pumphrey (2004b), Dehydration in the tropical tropopause layer: Implications from the UARS Microwave Limb Sounder, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D06110, doi:10.1029/2003JD004056.
40. Reber, C. A. (1993), The Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS), Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 1215-1218.
41. Reynolds, R. W. (1988), A real-time global sea surface temperature analysis, J. Clim., 1, 75-86.
42. Reynolds, R. W. (1993), Impact of Mount Pinatubo aerosols on satellite-derived sea surface temperatures, J. Clim., 6, 768-774.
43. Reynolds, R. W., and D. C. Marsico (1993), An improved real-time global sea surface temperature analysis, J. Clim., 6, 114-119.
44. Reynolds, R. W., and T. M. Smith (1994), Improved global sea surface temperature analyses, J. Clim., 7, 929-948.
45. Robinson, G. D. (1980), The transport of minor atmospheric constituents between troposphere and stratosphere, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 106, 227-253.
46. Roche, A. E., J. B. Kumer, J. L. Mergenthaler, G. A. Ely, W. G. Uplinger, J. F. Potter, T. C. James, and L. W. Sterritt (1993), The Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer (CLAES) on UARS: Experiment description and performance, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 10, 763-10, 775.
47. Roumeau, S., P. Brémaud, E. Rivière, S. Baldy, and J. L. Baray (2000), Tropical cirrus clouds: A possible sink for ozone, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 2233-2236.
48. Sandor, B. J., E. J. Jensen, E. M. Stone, W. G. Read, J. W. Waters, and J. L. Mergenthaler (2000), Upper tropospheric humidity and thin cirrus, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 2645-2648.
49. Sassen, K., and B. S. Cho (1992), Subvisual-thin cirrus clouds lidar dataset for satellite verification and climatological research, J. Appl. Meteorol. Soc., 31, 1275-1285.
50. Sherwood, S. C. (2000), A "stratospheric drain" over the maritime continent, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 677-680.
51. Sherwood, S. C., and A. E. Dessler (2001), A model for transport across the tropical tropopause, J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 765-779.
52. Sherwood, S. C., T. Horinouchi, and H. A. Zeleznik (2003), Convective impact on temperatures observed near the tropical tropopause, J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 1847-1856.
53. Sherwood, S. C., J.-H. Chae, P. Minnis, and M. McGill (2004), Underestimation of deep convective cloud tops by thermal imagery, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L11102, doi:10.1029/2004GL019699.
54. Sud, Y. C., G. K. Walker, and K.-M. Lau (1999), Mechanisms regulating sea surface temperature and deep convection in the tropics, Geophys. Res. Leu., 26, 1019-1022.
55. Tompkins, A. M. (2001), On the relationship between tropical convection and sea surface temperature, J. Clim., 14, 633-637.
56. Waliser, D. E., and N. E. Graham (1993), Convective cloud systems and warm-pool sea surface temperatures: Coupled interactions and self regulation, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 12, 881-12, 893.
57. Wang, P.-H., P. Minnis, M. P. McCormick, G. S. Kent, and K. M. Skeens (1996), A 6-year climatology of cloud occurrence frequency from Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II observations (1985-1990), J. Geophys. Res., 101, 29, 407-29, 429.
58. Waters, J. W. (1993), Microwave limb sounding, in Atmospheric Remote Sensing by Microwave Radiometry, edited by M. A. Jansen, pp. 383-496, John Wiley, Hoboken, N. J.
59. Winker, D. M., and C. R. Trepte (1998), Laminar cirrus observed near the tropical tropopause by LITE, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 3351-3354.
60. Woolnough, S. J., and J. M. Slingo (2000), The relationship between convection and sea surface temperature on intraseasonal timescales, J. Clim., 13, 2086-2104.
61. Zhang, C. D. (1993), Large-scale variability of atmospheric deep convection in relation to sea surface temperature in the tropics, J. Clim., 6, 1898-1913.