메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 65, Issue 18, 2005, Pages 2675-2717

Ropivacaine: A review of its use in regional anaesthesia and acute pain management

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BUPIVACAINE; CIPROFLOXACIN; CLARITHROMYCIN; CYTOCHROME P450 1A2; CYTOCHROME P450 INHIBITOR; FENTANYL; FLUVOXAMINE; ITRACONAZOLE; KETOCONAZOLE; LEVOBUPIVACAINE; LOCAL ANESTHETIC AGENT; MORPHINE; RIFAMPICIN; ROPIVACAINE; SUFENTANIL;

EID: 30144442158     PISSN: 00126667     EISSN: 00126667     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/00003495-200565180-00013     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (125)

References (205)
  • 1
    • 4444325506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ropivacaine: A pharmacological review
    • Sep
    • Hansen TG. Ropivacaine: a pharmacological review. Expert Rev Neurother 2004 Sep; 4 (5): 781-91
    • (2004) Expert Rev Neurother , vol.4 , Issue.5 , pp. 781-791
    • Hansen, T.G.1
  • 2
    • 84869883428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ropivacaine: An update of its use in regional anaesthesia
    • Nov
    • McClellan KJ, Faulds D. Ropivacaine: an update of its use in regional anaesthesia. Drugs 2000 Nov; 60: 1065-93
    • (2000) Drugs , vol.60 , pp. 1065-1093
    • McClellan, K.J.1    Faulds, D.2
  • 4
    • 0020672616 scopus 로고
    • Differential sensitivity of A and C nerve fibres to long-acting amide local anaesthetics
    • Rosenberg PH, Heinonen E. Differential sensitivity of A and C nerve fibres to long-acting amide local anaesthetics. Br J Anaesth 1983; 55: 163-7
    • (1983) Br J Anaesth , vol.55 , pp. 163-167
    • Rosenberg, P.H.1    Heinonen, E.2
  • 5
    • 0024829863 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of bupivacaine- and ropivacaine-induced conduction blockade in the isolated rabbit vagus nerve
    • Bader AM, Datta S, Flanagan H, et al. Comparison of bupivacaine- and ropivacaine-induced conduction blockade in the isolated rabbit vagus nerve. Anesth Analg 1989; 68: 724-7
    • (1989) Anesth Analg , vol.68 , pp. 724-727
    • Bader, A.M.1    Datta, S.2    Flanagan, H.3
  • 6
    • 0037937205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amide local anaesthetics potently inhibit the human tandem pore domain background K+ channel TASK-2 (KCNK5)
    • Kindler CH, Paul M, Zou H, et al. Amide local anaesthetics potently inhibit the human tandem pore domain background K+ channel TASK-2 (KCNK5). J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2003; 306 (1): 84-92
    • (2003) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.306 , Issue.1 , pp. 84-92
    • Kindler, C.H.1    Paul, M.2    Zou, H.3
  • 7
    • 0345283293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative analgesic potencies of levobupivacaine and ropivacaine for epidural analgesia in labor
    • Dec
    • Polley LS, Columb MO, Naughton NN, et al. Relative analgesic potencies of levobupivacaine and ropivacaine for epidural analgesia in labor. Anesthesiology 2003 Dec; 99 (6): 1354-8
    • (2003) Anesthesiology , vol.99 , Issue.6 , pp. 1354-1358
    • Polley, L.S.1    Columb, M.O.2    Naughton, N.N.3
  • 8
    • 0032994086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative potencies of bupivacaine and ropivacaine for analgesia in labour
    • Capogna G, Celleno D, Fusco P, et al. Relative potencies of bupivacaine and ropivacaine for analgesia in labour. Br J Anaesth 1999; 82 (3): 371-3
    • (1999) Br J Anaesth , vol.82 , Issue.3 , pp. 371-373
    • Capogna, G.1    Celleno, D.2    Fusco, P.3
  • 9
    • 14644415521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minimum local analgesic doses of ropivacaine, levobupivacaine, and bupivacaine for intrathecal labor analgesia
    • Mar
    • Camorcia M, Capogna G, Columb MO. Minimum local analgesic doses of ropivacaine, levobupivacaine, and bupivacaine for intrathecal labor analgesia. Anesthesiology 2005 Mar; 102 (3): 646-50
    • (2005) Anesthesiology , vol.102 , Issue.3 , pp. 646-650
    • Camorcia, M.1    Capogna, G.2    Columb, M.O.3
  • 10
    • 0036292264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relative motor blocking potencies of epidural bupivacaine and ropivacaine in labor
    • Jul
    • Lacassie HJ, Columb MO, Lacassie HP, et al. The relative motor blocking potencies of epidural bupivacaine and ropivacaine in labor. Anesth Analg 2002 Jul; 95: 204-8
    • (2002) Anesth Analg , vol.95 , pp. 204-208
    • Lacassie, H.J.1    Columb, M.O.2    Lacassie, H.P.3
  • 11
    • 14644393647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of median effective doses of intrathecal levobupivacaine and ropivacaine for labor analgesia
    • Mar
    • Sia AT, Goy RW, Lim Y, et al. A comparison of median effective doses of intrathecal levobupivacaine and ropivacaine for labor analgesia. Anesthesiology 2005 Mar; 102 (3): 651-6
    • (2005) Anesthesiology , vol.102 , Issue.3 , pp. 651-656
    • Sia, A.T.1    Goy, R.W.2    Lim, Y.3
  • 12
    • 0344420339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized sequential allocation study to determine the minimum effective analgesic concentration of levobupivacaine and ropivacaine in patients receiving epidural analgesia for labor
    • Dec
    • Benhamou D, Ghosh C, Mercier FJ. A randomized sequential allocation study to determine the minimum effective analgesic concentration of levobupivacaine and ropivacaine in patients receiving epidural analgesia for labor. Anesthesiology 2003 Dec; 99 (6): 1383-6
    • (2003) Anesthesiology , vol.99 , Issue.6 , pp. 1383-1386
    • Benhamou, D.1    Ghosh, C.2    Mercier, F.J.3
  • 13
    • 2942677087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidural test dose with levobupivacaine and ropivacaine: Determination of ED(50) motor block after spinal administration
    • Jun
    • Camorcia M, Capogna G, Lyons G, et al. Epidural test dose with levobupivacaine and ropivacaine: determination of ED(50) motor block after spinal administration. Br J Anaesth 2004 Jun; 92 (6): 850-3
    • (2004) Br J Anaesth , vol.92 , Issue.6 , pp. 850-853
    • Camorcia, M.1    Capogna, G.2    Lyons, G.3
  • 14
    • 0035174215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minimum local anesthetic volume blocking the femoral nerve in 50% of cases: A double-blinded comparison between 0.5% ropivacaine and 0.5% bupivacaine
    • Jan
    • Casati A, Fanelli G, Magistris L, et al. Minimum local anesthetic volume blocking the femoral nerve in 50% of cases: a double-blinded comparison between 0.5% ropivacaine and 0.5% bupivacaine. Anesth Analg 2001 Jan; 92: 205-8
    • (2001) Anesth Analg , vol.92 , pp. 205-208
    • Casati, A.1    Fanelli, G.2    Magistris, L.3
  • 15
    • 0030962927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central nervous and cardiovascular effects of i.v. infusions of ropivacaine, bupivacaine and placebo in volunteers
    • May
    • Knudsen K, Beckman Suurkula M, Blomberg S, et al. Central nervous and cardiovascular effects of i.v. infusions of ropivacaine, bupivacaine and placebo in volunteers. Br J Anaesth 1997 May; 78 (5): 507-14
    • (1997) Br J Anaesth , vol.78 , Issue.5 , pp. 507-514
    • Knudsen, K.1    Beckman Suurkula, M.2    Blomberg, S.3
  • 16
    • 0024805653 scopus 로고
    • Acute toxicity of ropivacaine compared with that of bupivacaine
    • Scott DB, Lee A, Fagan D, et al. Acute toxicity of ropivacaine compared with that of bupivacaine. Anesth Analg 1989; 69: 563-9
    • (1989) Anesth Analg , vol.69 , pp. 563-569
    • Scott, D.B.1    Lee, A.2    Fagan, D.3
  • 17
    • 0041846799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The central nervous system and cardiovascular effects of levobupivacaine and ropivacaine in healthy volunteers
    • Aug
    • Stewart J, Kellett N, Castro D. The central nervous system and cardiovascular effects of levobupivacaine and ropivacaine in healthy volunteers. Anesth Analg 2003 Aug; 97 (2): 412-6
    • (2003) Anesth Analg , vol.97 , Issue.2 , pp. 412-416
    • Stewart, J.1    Kellett, N.2    Castro, D.3
  • 18
    • 0036187611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central nervous system side effects are less important after iv regional anesthesia with ropivacaine 0.2% compared to lidocaine 0.5% in volunteers
    • Feb
    • Atanassoff PG, Hartmannsgruber MWB. Central nervous system side effects are less important after iv regional anesthesia with ropivacaine 0.2% compared to lidocaine 0.5% in volunteers. Can J Anesth 2002 Feb; 49: 169-72
    • (2002) Can J Anesth , vol.49 , pp. 169-172
    • Atanassoff, P.G.1    Hartmannsgruber, M.W.B.2
  • 19
    • 0033708810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The comparative toxicity of ropivacaine and bupivacaine at equipotent doses in rats
    • Dory P, Dewinde P, Vanderick B, et al. The comparative toxicity of ropivacaine and bupivacaine at equipotent doses in rats. Anesth Analg 2000; 91: 1489-92
    • (2000) Anesth Analg , vol.91 , pp. 1489-1492
    • Dory, P.1    Dewinde, P.2    Vanderick, B.3
  • 20
    • 0034874727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic toxicity and resuscitation in bupivacaine-, levobupivacaine- or ropivacaine-infused rats
    • Ohmura S, Kawada M, Ohta T, et al. Systemic toxicity and resuscitation in bupivacaine-, levobupivacaine- or ropivacaine-infused rats. Anesth Analg 2001; 93: 743-8
    • (2001) Anesth Analg , vol.93 , pp. 743-748
    • Ohmura, S.1    Kawada, M.2    Ohta, T.3
  • 21
    • 3142538596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ropivacaine and bupivacaine on rabbit myocardial energetic metabolism and mitochondria oxidation
    • Zhang S, Yao S, Li Q. Effects of ropivacaine and bupivacaine on rabbit myocardial energetic metabolism and mitochondria oxidation. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci 2003; 23 (2): 178-9
    • (2003) J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci , vol.23 , Issue.2 , pp. 178-179
    • Zhang, S.1    Yao, S.2    Li, Q.3
  • 22
    • 0031956338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the effects of bupivacaine and ropivacaine on heart cell mitochondrial bioenergetics
    • Sztark F, Malgat M, Dabadie P, et al. Comparison of the effects of bupivacaine and ropivacaine on heart cell mitochondrial bioenergetics. Anesthesiology 1998; 88: 1340-9
    • (1998) Anesthesiology , vol.88 , pp. 1340-1349
    • Sztark, F.1    Malgat, M.2    Dabadie, P.3
  • 23
    • 3342936493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanisms of the inhibitory effects of bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, and ropivacaine on sarcolemmal adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels in the cardiovascular system
    • Aug
    • Kawano T, Oshita S, Takahashi A, et al. Molecular mechanisms of the inhibitory effects of bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, and ropivacaine on sarcolemmal adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels in the cardiovascular system. Anesthesiology 2004 Aug; 101 (2): 390-8
    • (2004) Anesthesiology , vol.101 , Issue.2 , pp. 390-398
    • Kawano, T.1    Oshita, S.2    Takahashi, A.3
  • 24
    • 0035056778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of epidural analgesia and uterine contractions on fetal oxygen saturation during the first stage of labour
    • Apr
    • Paternoster DM, Micaglio M, Tambuscio, et al. The effects of epidural analgesia and uterine contractions on fetal oxygen saturation during the first stage of labour. Int J Obstet Anesth 2001 Apr; 10 (2): 103-7
    • (2001) Int J Obstet Anesth , vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp. 103-107
    • Paternoster, D.M.1    Micaglio, M.2    Tambuscio3
  • 25
    • 0035010409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose-response study of epidural ropivacaine for labor analgesia
    • May
    • Lee BB, Kee WDN, Wong ELY, et al. Dose-response study of epidural ropivacaine for labor analgesia. Anesthesiology 2001 May; 94: 767-72
    • (2001) Anesthesiology , vol.94 , pp. 767-772
    • Lee, B.B.1    Kee, W.D.N.2    Wong, E.L.Y.3
  • 26
    • 0030071871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of continuous lumbar epidural infusion of ropivacaine (0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3%) and 0.25% bupivacaine on sensory and motor block in volunteers
    • Zaric D. The effect of continuous lumbar epidural infusion of ropivacaine (0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3%) and 0.25% bupivacaine on sensory and motor block in volunteers. Reg Anesth 1996; 21 (1): 14-25
    • (1996) Reg Anesth , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 14-25
    • Zaric, D.1
  • 27
    • 2442635464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relative motor blocking potencies of intrathecal ropivacaine: Effects of concentration
    • Jun
    • Camorcia M, Capogna G, Lyons G, et al. The relative motor blocking potencies of intrathecal ropivacaine: effects of concentration. Anesth Analg 2004 Jun; 98 (6): 1779-82
    • (2004) Anesth Analg , vol.98 , Issue.6 , pp. 1779-1782
    • Camorcia, M.1    Capogna, G.2    Lyons, G.3
  • 28
    • 0036233548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of age on neural blockade and hemodynamic changes after epidural anesthesia with ropivacaine
    • May
    • Simon MJG, Veering BT, Stienstra R, et al. The effects of age on neural blockade and hemodynamic changes after epidural anesthesia with ropivacaine. Anesth Analg 2002 May; 94: 1325-30
    • (2002) Anesth Analg , vol.94 , pp. 1325-1330
    • Simon, M.J.G.1    Veering, B.T.2    Stienstra, R.3
  • 29
    • 0036265464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The minimum local anesthetic concentration of ropivacaine for caudal analgesia in children
    • Jun
    • Deng XM, Xiao WJ, Tang GZ, et al. The minimum local anesthetic concentration of ropivacaine for caudal analgesia in children. Anesth Analg 2002 Jun; 94: 1465-8
    • (2002) Anesth Analg , vol.94 , pp. 1465-1468
    • Deng, X.M.1    Xiao, W.J.2    Tang, G.Z.3
  • 30
    • 19944374136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Duration of analgesia is similar when 15, 20, 25 and 30 mL of ropivacaine 0.5% are administered via a femoral catheter
    • Apr
    • Weber A, Fournier R, Riand N, et al. Duration of analgesia is similar when 15, 20, 25 and 30 mL of ropivacaine 0.5% are administered via a femoral catheter: Can J Anaesth 2005 Apr; 52 (4): 390-6
    • (2005) Can J Anaesth , vol.52 , Issue.4 , pp. 390-396
    • Weber, A.1    Fournier, R.2    Riand, N.3
  • 31
    • 20444430085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current status and clinical relevance of studies of minimum local anaesthetic concentration (MLAC)
    • Graf BM, Zausig Y, Zink W. Current status and clinical relevance of studies of minimum local anaesthetic concentration (MLAC). Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 2005; 18: 241-5
    • (2005) Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology , vol.18 , pp. 241-245
    • Graf, B.M.1    Zausig, Y.2    Zink, W.3
  • 32
    • 30144432132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relative motor blocking potencies of intrathecal bupivacaine, ropivacaine and levobupivacaine
    • abstract no. A584
    • Berritta C, Camorcia M, Capogna G, et al. The relative motor blocking potencies of intrathecal bupivacaine, ropivacaine and levobupivacaine [abstract no. A584]. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2005; 22: 153
    • (2005) Eur J Anaesthesiol , vol.22 , pp. 153
    • Berritta, C.1    Camorcia, M.2    Capogna, G.3
  • 33
    • 0036711954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of clonidine on the minimum local analgesic concentration of epidural ropivacaine during labor
    • Sep
    • Aveline C, El Metaoua S, Masmoudi A, et al. The effect of clonidine on the minimum local analgesic concentration of epidural ropivacaine during labor. Anesth Analg 2002 Sep; 95: 735-40
    • (2002) Anesth Analg , vol.95 , pp. 735-740
    • Aveline, C.1    El Metaoua, S.2    Masmoudi, A.3
  • 34
    • 0034991019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minimum local analgesic dose of plain ropivacaine vs. ropivacaine combined with sufentanil during epidural analgesia for labour
    • Jun
    • Palm S, Gertzen W, Ledowski T, et al. Minimum local analgesic dose of plain ropivacaine vs. ropivacaine combined with sufentanil during epidural analgesia for labour. Anaesthesia 2001 Jun; 56: 526-9
    • (2001) Anaesthesia , vol.56 , pp. 526-529
    • Palm, S.1    Gertzen, W.2    Ledowski, T.3
  • 35
    • 0035436975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cardiotoxicity of local anesthetics: The place of ropivacaine
    • Aug
    • Graf BM. The cardiotoxicity of local anesthetics: the place of ropivacaine. Curr Top Med Chem 2001 Aug; 1 (3): 207-14
    • (2001) Curr Top Med Chem , vol.1 , Issue.3 , pp. 207-214
    • Graf, B.M.1
  • 36
    • 0036263579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in cardiotoxicity of bupivacaine and ropivacaine are the result of physicochemical and stereoselective properties
    • Jun
    • Graf BM, Abraham I, Eberbach N, et al. Differences in cardiotoxicity of bupivacaine and ropivacaine are the result of physicochemical and stereoselective properties. Anesthesiology 2002 Jun; 96 (6): 1427-34
    • (2002) Anesthesiology , vol.96 , Issue.6 , pp. 1427-1434
    • Graf, B.M.1    Abraham, I.2    Eberbach, N.3
  • 37
    • 0034760364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic toxicity of levobupivacaine, bupivacaine and ropivacaine during continuous intravenous infusion to nonpregnant and pregnant ewes
    • Santos A, DeArmas PI, . Systemic toxicity of levobupivacaine, bupivacaine and ropivacaine during continuous intravenous infusion to nonpregnant and pregnant ewes. Anesthesiology 2001; 95: 1256-64
    • (2001) Anesthesiology , vol.95 , pp. 1256-1264
    • Santos, A.1    DeArmas, P.I.2
  • 38
    • 0027049653 scopus 로고
    • Skin blood flow after intradermal injection of ropivacaine in various concentrations with and without epinephrine evaluated by laser doppler flowmetry
    • Cederholm I, Evers H, Lofstrom JB, et al. Skin blood flow after intradermal injection of ropivacaine in various concentrations with and without epinephrine evaluated by laser doppler flowmetry. Reg Anesth 1992; 17: 322-8
    • (1992) Reg Anesth , vol.17 , pp. 322-328
    • Cederholm, I.1    Evers, H.2    Lofstrom, J.B.3
  • 39
    • 0036944998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of levobupivacine, ropivacaine and bupivacaine on HERG channels: Stereoselective bupivacaine block
    • Gonzalez T, Arias C, Caballero R, et al. Effects of levobupivacine, ropivacaine and bupivacaine on HERG channels: stereoselective bupivacaine block. Br J Pharmacol 2002; 137: 1269-79
    • (2002) Br J Pharmacol , vol.137 , pp. 1269-1279
    • Gonzalez, T.1    Arias, C.2    Caballero, R.3
  • 40
    • 0035141883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of ropivacaine hydrochloride on platelet function: An assessment using the platelet function analyser (PFA-100)
    • Jan
    • Porter JM, Crowe B, Cahill M, et al. The effects of ropivacaine hydrochloride on platelet function: an assessment using the platelet function analyser (PFA-100). Anaesthesia 2001 Jan; 56: 15-8
    • (2001) Anaesthesia , vol.56 , pp. 15-18
    • Porter, J.M.1    Crowe, B.2    Cahill, M.3
  • 41
    • 1642502524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postoperative epidural anesthesia preserves lymphocyte, but not monocyte, immune function after major spine surgery
    • Apr
    • Volk T, Schenk M, Voigt K, et al. Postoperative epidural anesthesia preserves lymphocyte, but not monocyte, immune function after major spine surgery. Anesth Analg 2004 Apr; 98 (4): 1086-92
    • (2004) Anesth Analg , vol.98 , Issue.4 , pp. 1086-1092
    • Volk, T.1    Schenk, M.2    Voigt, K.3
  • 42
    • 0037323015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ropivacaine on human neutrophil function: Comparison with bupivacaine and lidocaine
    • Feb
    • Mikawa K, Akamatsu H, Nishina K, et al. Effects of ropivacaine on human neutrophil function: comparison with bupivacaine and lidocaine. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2003 Feb; 20: 104-10
    • (2003) Eur J Anaesthesiol , vol.20 , pp. 104-110
    • Mikawa, K.1    Akamatsu, H.2    Nishina, K.3
  • 43
    • 0036180302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacterial growth in ropivacaine hydrochloride
    • Mar
    • Batai I, Kerenyi M, Falvai J, et al. Bacterial growth in ropivacaine hydrochloride. Anesth Analg 2002 Mar; 94 (3): 729-31
    • (2002) Anesth Analg , vol.94 , Issue.3 , pp. 729-731
    • Batai, I.1    Kerenyi, M.2    Falvai, J.3
  • 44
    • 0041346160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ropivacaine 0.1% with sufentanil 1 microg/mL inhibits in vitro growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and does not promote multiplication of Staphylococcus aureus
    • Aug
    • Kampe S, Poetter C, Buzello S, et al. Ropivacaine 0.1% with sufentanil 1 microg/mL inhibits in vitro growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and does not promote multiplication of Staphylococcus aureus. Anesth Analg 2003 Aug; 97 (2): 409-11
    • (2003) Anesth Analg , vol.97 , Issue.2 , pp. 409-411
    • Kampe, S.1    Poetter, C.2    Buzello, S.3
  • 45
    • 0035011805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidural ropivacaine hydrochloride during labour: Protein binding, placental transfer and neonatal outcome
    • May
    • Porter JM, Kelleher N, Flynn R, et al. Epidural ropivacaine hydrochloride during labour: protein binding, placental transfer and neonatal outcome. Anaesthesia 2001 May; 56: 418-23
    • (2001) Anaesthesia , vol.56 , pp. 418-423
    • Porter, J.M.1    Kelleher, N.2    Flynn, R.3
  • 46
    • 0030698820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ropivacaine 7.5 mg/ml for elective caesarean section: A clinical and pharmacokinetic comparison of 150 mg and 187.5 mg
    • Oct
    • Irestedt L, Emanuelsson BM, Ekblom A, et al. Ropivacaine 7.5 mg/ml for elective caesarean section: a clinical and pharmacokinetic comparison of 150 mg and 187.5 mg. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1997 Oct; 41 (9): 1149-56
    • (1997) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.41 , Issue.9 , pp. 1149-1156
    • Irestedt, L.1    Emanuelsson, B.M.2    Ekblom, A.3
  • 48
    • 0036211734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of 40 ml ropivacaine 7.5 mg/ml (300 mg), for axillary brachial plexus block: An open pilot study
    • Wank W, Buttner J, Rissler Maier K, et al. Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of 40 ml ropivacaine 7.5 mg/ml (300 mg), for axillary brachial plexus block: an open pilot study. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2002; 27 (1): 53-9
    • (2002) Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 53-59
    • Wank, W.1    Buttner, J.2    Rissler Maier, K.3
  • 49
    • 0031439403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic absorption and block after epidural injection of ropivacaine in healthy volunteers
    • Dec
    • Emanuelsson BM, Persson J, Alm C, et al. Systemic absorption and block after epidural injection of ropivacaine in healthy volunteers. Anesthesiology 1997 Dec; 87 (6): 1309-17
    • (1997) Anesthesiology , vol.87 , Issue.6 , pp. 1309-1317
    • Emanuelsson, B.M.1    Persson, J.2    Alm, C.3
  • 50
    • 0033860167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidural infusion of ropivacaine for postoperative analgesia after major orthopedic surgery: Pharmacokinetic evaluation
    • Aug
    • Burm AG, Stienstra R, Brouwer RP, et al. Epidural infusion of ropivacaine for postoperative analgesia after major orthopedic surgery: pharmacokinetic evaluation. Anesthesiology 2000 Aug; 93 (2): 395-403
    • (2000) Anesthesiology , vol.93 , Issue.2 , pp. 395-403
    • Burm, A.G.1    Stienstra, R.2    Brouwer, R.P.3
  • 51
    • 0030788524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feto-maternal distribution of ropivacaine and bupivacaine after epidural administration for cesarean section
    • Jul
    • Ala-Kokko TI, Alahuhta S, Jouppila P, et al. Feto-maternal distribution of ropivacaine and bupivacaine after epidural administration for cesarean section. Int J Obstet Anesth 1997 Jul; 6 (3): 147-52
    • (1997) Int J Obstet Anesth , vol.6 , Issue.3 , pp. 147-152
    • Ala-Kokko, T.I.1    Alahuhta, S.2    Jouppila, P.3
  • 52
    • 0036330024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addition of epinephrine to epidural ropivacaine during labour: Effects on onset and duration of action, efficacy, and systemic absorption of ropivacaine
    • Jul
    • Leonard SA, Flynn R, Kelleher N, et al. Addition of epinephrine to epidural ropivacaine during labour: effects on onset and duration of action, efficacy, and systemic absorption of ropivacaine. Int J Obstet Anesth 2002 Jul; 11: 180-4
    • (2002) Int J Obstet Anesth , vol.11 , pp. 180-184
    • Leonard, S.A.1    Flynn, R.2    Kelleher, N.3
  • 53
    • 0029833259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ropivacaine, a new amide-type local anesthetic agent, is metabolized by cytochromes P450 1A and 3A in human liver microsomes
    • Sep
    • Ekstrom G, Gunnarsson UB. Ropivacaine, a new amide-type local anesthetic agent, is metabolized by cytochromes P450 1A and 3A in human liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos 1996 Sep; 24 (9): 955-61
    • (1996) Drug Metab Dispos , vol.24 , Issue.9 , pp. 955-961
    • Ekstrom, G.1    Gunnarsson, U.B.2
  • 54
    • 0029809853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolism and excretion of ropivacaine in humans
    • Sep
    • Halldin MM, Bredberg E, Angelin B, et al. Metabolism and excretion of ropivacaine in humans. Drug Metab Dispos 1996 Sep; 24 (9): 962-8
    • (1996) Drug Metab Dispos , vol.24 , Issue.9 , pp. 962-968
    • Halldin, M.M.1    Bredberg, E.2    Angelin, B.3
  • 55
    • 0027962547 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of ropivacaine and bupivacaine for bilateral intercostal blockade in healthy male volunteers
    • Nov
    • Kopacz DJ, Emanuelsson BM, Thompson GE, et al. Pharmacokinetics of ropivacaine and bupivacaine for bilateral intercostal blockade in healthy male volunteers. Anesthesiology 1994 Nov; 81 (5): 1139-48
    • (1994) Anesthesiology , vol.81 , Issue.5 , pp. 1139-1148
    • Kopacz, D.J.1    Emanuelsson, B.M.2    Thompson, G.E.3
  • 56
    • 0028856753 scopus 로고
    • Lack of metabolic racemisation of ropivacaine, determined by liquid chromatography using a chiral AGP column
    • Arvidsson T, Bruce HF, Halldin MM. Lack of metabolic racemisation of ropivacaine, determined by liquid chromatography using a chiral AGP column. Chirality 1995; 7 (4): 272-7
    • (1995) Chirality , vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp. 272-277
    • Arvidsson, T.1    Bruce, H.F.2    Halldin, M.M.3
  • 57
    • 0035173405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma concentrations of ropivacaine following a single-shot caudal block of 1, 2 and 3 mg/kg in children
    • Nov
    • Bosenberg AT, Thomas J, Lopez T, et al. Plasma concentrations of ropivacaine following a single-shot caudal block of 1, 2 and 3 mg/kg in children. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2001 Nov; 45: 1276-80
    • (2001) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.45 , pp. 1276-1280
    • Bosenberg, A.T.1    Thomas, J.2    Lopez, T.3
  • 58
    • 0036148851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ropivacaine undergoes slower systemic absorption from the caudal epidural space in children than bupivacaine
    • Feb
    • Karmakar MK, Aun CS, Wong EL. Ropivacaine undergoes slower systemic absorption from the caudal epidural space in children than bupivacaine. Anesth Analg 2002 Feb; 94 (2): 259-65
    • (2002) Anesth Analg , vol.94 , Issue.2 , pp. 259-265
    • Karmakar, M.K.1    Aun, C.S.2    Wong, E.L.3
  • 59
    • 0033802690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ropivacaine pharmacokinetics after caudal block in 1-8 year old children
    • Oct
    • Lonnqvist PA, Westrin P, Larsson BA, et al. Ropivacaine pharmacokinetics after caudal block in 1-8 year old children. Br J Anaesth 2000 Oct; 85: 506-11
    • (2000) Br J Anaesth , vol.85 , pp. 506-511
    • Lonnqvist, P.A.1    Westrin, P.2    Larsson, B.A.3
  • 60
    • 0033803449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of 0.2% ropivacaine and 0.2% bupivacaine following caudal blocks in children
    • Oct
    • Ala-Kokko TI, Partanen A, Karinen J, et al. Pharmacokinetics of 0.2% ropivacaine and 0.2% bupivacaine following caudal blocks in children. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2000 Oct; 44: 1099-102
    • (2000) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.44 , pp. 1099-1102
    • Ala-Kokko, T.I.1    Partanen, A.2    Karinen, J.3
  • 61
    • 0034061334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of ropivacaine following caudal analgesia in children
    • Habre W, Bergesio R, Johnson C, et al. Pharmacokinetics of ropivacaine following caudal analgesia in children. Paediatr Anaesth 2000; 10 (2): 143-7
    • (2000) Paediatr Anaesth , vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp. 143-147
    • Habre, W.1    Bergesio, R.2    Johnson, C.3
  • 62
    • 0034812875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pharmacokinetics of epidural ropivacaine in infants and young children
    • Oct
    • McCann ME, Sethna NF, Mazoit JX, et al. The pharmacokinetics of epidural ropivacaine in infants and young children. Anesth Analg 2001 Oct; 93: 893-7
    • (2001) Anesth Analg , vol.93 , pp. 893-897
    • McCann, M.E.1    Sethna, N.F.2    Mazoit, J.X.3
  • 63
    • 0033856342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy of long-term epidural ropivacaine infusion in children
    • Sep
    • Hansen TG, Ilett KF, Lim SI, et al. Pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy of long-term epidural ropivacaine infusion in children. Br J Anaesth 2000 Sep; 85: 347-53
    • (2000) Br J Anaesth , vol.85 , pp. 347-353
    • Hansen, T.G.1    Ilett, K.F.2    Lim, S.I.3
  • 64
    • 0036039824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of 0.75% ropivacaine and 0.5% bupivacaine after ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric nerve block in children
    • Sep
    • Ala-Kokko TI, Karinen J, Raiha E, et al. Pharmacokinetics of 0.75% ropivacaine and 0.5% bupivacaine after ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric nerve block in children. Br J Anaesth 2002 Sep; 89 (3): 438-41
    • (2002) Br J Anaesth , vol.89 , Issue.3 , pp. 438-441
    • Ala-Kokko, T.I.1    Karinen, J.2    Raiha, E.3
  • 65
    • 0035093848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caudal ropivacaine in infants: Population pharmacokinetics and plasma concentrations
    • Apr
    • Hansen TG, Ilett KF, Reid C, et al. Caudal ropivacaine in infants: population pharmacokinetics and plasma concentrations. Anesthesiology 2001 Apr; 94: 579-84
    • (2001) Anesthesiology , vol.94 , pp. 579-584
    • Hansen, T.G.1    Ilett, K.F.2    Reid, C.3
  • 66
    • 0041422281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In children, the addition of epinephrine modifies the pharmacokinetics of ropivacaine injected caudally
    • Jun-2003 31
    • Van Obbergh LJ, Roelants FA, Veyckemans F, et al. In children, the addition of epinephrine modifies the pharmacokinetics of ropivacaine injected caudally. Can J Anesth 2003 Jun-2003 31; 50 (6): 593-8
    • (2003) Can J Anesth , vol.50 , Issue.6 , pp. 593-598
    • Van Obbergh, L.J.1    Roelants, F.A.2    Veyckemans, F.3
  • 67
    • 0033762586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of erythromycin, fluvoxamine, and their combination on the pharmacokinetics of ropivacaine
    • Nov
    • Jokinen MJ, Ahonen J, Neuvonen PJ, et al. The effect of erythromycin, fluvoxamine, and their combination on the pharmacokinetics of ropivacaine. Anesth Analg 2000 Nov; 91: 1207-12
    • (2000) Anesth Analg , vol.91 , pp. 1207-1212
    • Jokinen, M.J.1    Ahonen, J.2    Neuvonen, P.J.3
  • 68
    • 0037299386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of ciprofloxacin on the pharmacokinetics of ropivacaine
    • Feb
    • Jokinen MJ, Olkkola KT, Ahonen J, et al. Effect of ciprofloxacin on the pharmacokinetics of ropivacaine. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2003 Feb; 58: 653-7
    • (2003) Eur J Clin Pharmacol , vol.58 , pp. 653-657
    • Jokinen, M.J.1    Olkkola, K.T.2    Ahonen, J.3
  • 69
    • 0031775019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolism of ropivacaine in humans is mediated by CYP1A2 and to a minor extent by CYP3A4: An interaction study with fluvoxamine and ketoconazole as in vivo inhibitors
    • Nov
    • Arlander E, Ekstrom G, Alm C, et al. Metabolism of ropivacaine in humans is mediated by CYP1A2 and to a minor extent by CYP3A4: an interaction study with fluvoxamine and ketoconazole as in vivo inhibitors. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1998 Nov; 64 (5): 484-91
    • (1998) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.64 , Issue.5 , pp. 484-491
    • Arlander, E.1    Ekstrom, G.2    Alm, C.3
  • 70
    • 0035044033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of clarithromycin and itraconazole on the pharmacokinetics of ropivacaine
    • Apr
    • Jokinen MJ, Ahonen J, Neuvonen PJ, et al. Effect of clarithromycin and itraconazole on the pharmacokinetics of ropivacaine. Pharmacol Toxicol 2001 Apr; 88: 187-91
    • (2001) Pharmacol Toxicol , vol.88 , pp. 187-191
    • Jokinen, M.J.1    Ahonen, J.2    Neuvonen, P.J.3
  • 71
    • 0034748799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of rifampin and tobacco smoking on the pharmacokinetics of ropivacaine
    • Oct
    • Jokinen MJ, Olkkola KT, Ahonen J, et al. Effect of rifampin and tobacco smoking on the pharmacokinetics of ropivacaine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2001 Oct; 70: 344-50
    • (2001) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.70 , pp. 344-350
    • Jokinen, M.J.1    Olkkola, K.T.2    Ahonen, J.3
  • 72
    • 0344628803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison of epidural levobupivacaine 0.5% with epidural ropivacaine 0.75% for lower limb procedures
    • Dec
    • Peduto VA, Baroncini S, Montanini S, et al. A prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison of epidural levobupivacaine 0.5% with epidural ropivacaine 0.75% for lower limb procedures. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2003 Dec; 20 (12): 979-83
    • (2003) Eur J Anaesthesiol , vol.20 , Issue.12 , pp. 979-983
    • Peduto, V.A.1    Baroncini, S.2    Montanini, S.3
  • 73
    • 16844379629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidural ropivacaine 1% with and without sufentanil addition for Caesarean section
    • Apr
    • Bachmann-Mennenga B, Veit G, Biscoping J, et al. Epidural ropivacaine 1% with and without sufentanil addition for Caesarean section. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2005 Apr; 49 (4): 525-31
    • (2005) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.49 , Issue.4 , pp. 525-531
    • Bachmann-Mennenga, B.1    Veit, G.2    Biscoping, J.3
  • 74
    • 16844364645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of sufentanil addition to ropivacaine epidural anaesthesia for Caesarean section
    • Apr
    • Bachmann-Mennenga B, Veit G, Steinicke B, et al. Efficacy of sufentanil addition to ropivacaine epidural anaesthesia for Caesarean section. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2005 Apr; 49 (4): 532-7
    • (2005) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.49 , Issue.4 , pp. 532-537
    • Bachmann-Mennenga, B.1    Veit, G.2    Steinicke, B.3
  • 75
    • 0032196183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of epidural anaesthesia with ropivacaine 0.5% and bupivacaine 0.5% for caesarian section
    • Crosby E, Sandler A, Finucane B, et al. Comparison of epidural anaesthesia with ropivacaine 0.5% and bupivacaine 0.5% for caesarian section. Can J Anaesth 1998; 45 (11): 1066-71
    • (1998) Can J Anaesth , vol.45 , Issue.11 , pp. 1066-1071
    • Crosby, E.1    Sandler, A.2    Finucane, B.3
  • 76
    • 0033027839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidural ropivacaine 7.5 mg/ml for elective Caesarean section: A double-blind comparison of efficacy and tolerability with bupivacaine
    • Bjornstad E, Smedvig JP, Bjerkreim T, et al. Epidural ropivacaine 7.5 mg/ml for elective Caesarean section: a double-blind comparison of efficacy and tolerability with bupivacaine. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1999; 43: 603-8
    • (1999) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.43 , pp. 603-608
    • Bjornstad, E.1    Smedvig, J.P.2    Bjerkreim, T.3
  • 77
    • 0030852222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of 0.5% ropivacaine and 0.5% bupivacaine in lumbar epidural anaesthesia for lower limb orthopaedic surgery
    • McGlade DP, Kalpoka MV, Mooney PH, et al. Comparison of 0.5% ropivacaine and 0.5% bupivacaine in lumbar epidural anaesthesia for lower limb orthopaedic surgery. Anaesth Intens Care 1997; 25: 262-6
    • (1997) Anaesth Intens Care , vol.25 , pp. 262-266
    • McGlade, D.P.1    Kalpoka, M.V.2    Mooney, P.H.3
  • 78
    • 0028959665 scopus 로고
    • Extradural ropivacaine and bupivacaine in hip surgery
    • Wolff AP, Hasselstrom L, Kerkamp HE, et al. Extradural ropivacaine and bupivacaine in hip surgery. Br J Anaesth 1995; 74: 458-60
    • (1995) Br J Anaesth , vol.74 , pp. 458-460
    • Wolff, A.P.1    Hasselstrom, L.2    Kerkamp, H.E.3
  • 79
    • 11344253963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of plain and hyperbaric solutions of ropivacaine for spinal anaesthesia
    • Jan
    • Fettes PD, Hocking G, Peterson MK, et al. Comparison of plain and hyperbaric solutions of ropivacaine for spinal anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 2005 Jan; 94 (1): 107-11
    • (2005) Br J Anaesth , vol.94 , Issue.1 , pp. 107-111
    • Fettes, P.D.1    Hocking, G.2    Peterson, M.K.3
  • 80
    • 6444236947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison of unilateral spinal anesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine, ropivacaine, or levobupivacaine for inguinal herniorrhaphy
    • Nov
    • Casati A, Moizo E, Marchetti C, et al. A prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison of unilateral spinal anesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine, ropivacaine, or levobupivacaine for inguinal herniorrhaphy. Anesth Analg 2004 Nov; 99 (5): 1387-92
    • (2004) Anesth Analg , vol.99 , Issue.5 , pp. 1387-1392
    • Casati, A.1    Moizo, E.2    Marchetti, C.3
  • 81
    • 30144436222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of 0.5% ropivacaine (5% glucose) with 0.5% bupivacaine (8% glucose) when used to provide spinal anaesthesia for elective surgery
    • Mar 30
    • Whiteside JB, Burke D, Wildsmith JA. A comparison of 0.5% ropivacaine (5% glucose) with 0.5% bupivacaine (8% glucose) when used to provide spinal anaesthesia for elective surgery. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2001 Mar 30; 26 Suppl.: 69
    • (2001) Reg Anesth Pain Med , vol.26 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 69
    • Whiteside, J.B.1    Burke, D.2    Wildsmith, J.A.3
  • 82
    • 0036830162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small-dose intrathecal lidocaine versus ropivacaine for anorectal surgery in an ambulatory setting
    • Nov
    • Buckenmaier IIICC, Nielsen KC, Pietrobon R, et al. Small-dose intrathecal lidocaine versus ropivacaine for anorectal surgery in an ambulatory setting. Anesth Analg 2002 Nov; 95: 1253-7
    • (2002) Anesth Analg , vol.95 , pp. 1253-1257
    • Buckenmaier III, C.C.1    Nielsen, K.C.2    Pietrobon, R.3
  • 83
    • 7444255529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of hyperbaric and plain ropivacaine 15 mg in spinal anaesthesia for lower limb surgery
    • Nov
    • Kallio H, Snall EV, Tuomas CA, et al. Comparison of hyperbaric and plain ropivacaine 15 mg in spinal anaesthesia for lower limb surgery. Br J Anaesth 2004 Nov; 93 (5): 664-9
    • (2004) Br J Anaesth , vol.93 , Issue.5 , pp. 664-669
    • Kallio, H.1    Snall, E.V.2    Tuomas, C.A.3
  • 84
    • 4143103750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of intrathecal plain solutions containing ropivacaine 20 or 15 mg versus bupivacaine 10 mg
    • Sep
    • Kallio H, Snall E-VT, Kero MP, et al. A comparison of intrathecal plain solutions containing ropivacaine 20 or 15 mg versus bupivacaine 10 mg. Anesth Analg 2004 Sep; 99 (3): 713-7
    • (2004) Anesth Analg , vol.99 , Issue.3 , pp. 713-717
    • Kallio, H.1    Snall, E.-V.T.2    Kero, M.P.3
  • 85
    • 0242635924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the effects of intrathecal ropivacaine, levobupivacaine, and bupivacaine for caesarean section
    • Nov
    • Gautier P, De Kock M, Huberty L, et al. Comparison of the effects of intrathecal ropivacaine, levobupivacaine, and bupivacaine for caesarean section. Br J Anaesth 2003 Nov; 91 (5): 684-9
    • (2003) Br J Anaesth , vol.91 , Issue.5 , pp. 684-689
    • Gautier, P.1    De Kock, M.2    Huberty, L.3
  • 86
    • 0036179496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal ropivacaine for cesarean delivery: A comparison of hyperbaric and plain solutions
    • Mar
    • Khaw KS, Ngan Kee WD, Wong M, et al. Spinal ropivacaine for cesarean delivery: a comparison of hyperbaric and plain solutions. Anesth Analg 2002 Mar; 94 (3): 680-5
    • (2002) Anesth Analg , vol.94 , Issue.3 , pp. 680-685
    • Khaw, K.S.1    Ngan Kee, W.D.2    Wong, M.3
  • 87
    • 0034961152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperbaric spinal ropivacaine for cesarean delivery: A comparison to hyperbaric bupivacaine
    • Jul
    • Chung CJ, Choi SR, Yeo KH, et al. Hyperbaric spinal ropivacaine for cesarean delivery: a comparison to hyperbaric bupivacaine. Anesth Analg 2001 Jul; 93: 157-61
    • (2001) Anesth Analg , vol.93 , pp. 157-161
    • Chung, C.J.1    Choi, S.R.2    Yeo, K.H.3
  • 88
    • 2542483586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal ropivacaine or bupivacaine for cesarean delivery: A prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison
    • May-2004 30
    • Danelli G, Fanelli G, Berti M, et al. Spinal ropivacaine or bupivacaine for cesarean delivery: a prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2004 May-2004 30; 29 (3): 221-6
    • (2004) Reg Anesth Pain Med , vol.29 , Issue.3 , pp. 221-226
    • Danelli, G.1    Fanelli, G.2    Berti, M.3
  • 89
    • 20744432317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal anesthesia with hyperbaric levobupivacaine and ropivacaine for outpatient knee arthroscopy: A prospective, randomized, double-blind study
    • Jul
    • Cappelleri G, Aldegheri G, Danelli G, et al. Spinal anesthesia with hyperbaric levobupivacaine and ropivacaine for outpatient knee arthroscopy: a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Anesth Analg 2005 Jul; 101 (1): 77-82
    • (2005) Anesth Analg , vol.101 , Issue.1 , pp. 77-82
    • Cappelleri, G.1    Aldegheri, G.2    Danelli, G.3
  • 90
    • 0032745180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrathecal ropivacaine for ambulatory surgery. A comparison between intrathecal bupivacaine and intrathecal ropivacaine for knee arthroscopy
    • Gautier PE, de Kock MvSA, . Intrathecal ropivacaine for ambulatory surgery. A comparison between intrathecal bupivacaine and intrathecal ropivacaine for knee arthroscopy. Anesthesiology 1999; 91 (5): 1239-45
    • (1999) Anesthesiology , vol.91 , Issue.5 , pp. 1239-1245
    • Gautier, P.E.1    De Kock, Mv.S.A.2
  • 91
    • 0036855702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrathecal fentanyl added to hyperbaric ropivacaine for cesarean delivery
    • Nov-2002 31
    • Chung CJ, Yun SH, Hwang GB, et al. Intrathecal fentanyl added to hyperbaric ropivacaine for cesarean delivery. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2002 Nov-2002 31; 27: 600-3
    • (2002) Reg Anesth Pain Med , vol.27 , pp. 600-603
    • Chung, C.J.1    Yun, S.H.2    Hwang, G.B.3
  • 92
    • 0035095906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrathecal ropivacaine and clonidine for ambulatory knee arthroscopy: A dose-response study
    • Apr
    • De Kock M, Gautier P, Fanard L, et al. Intrathecal ropivacaine and clonidine for ambulatory knee arthroscopy: a dose-response study. Anesthesiology 2001 Apr; 94: 574-8
    • (2001) Anesthesiology , vol.94 , pp. 574-578
    • De Kock, M.1    Gautier, P.2    Fanard, L.3
  • 93
    • 0035986139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ropivacaine 7.5 mg/ml versus bupivacaine 5 mg/ml for interscalene brachial plexus block: A comparative study
    • Jun
    • Hofmann-Kiefer K, Herbrich C, Seebauer A, et al. Ropivacaine 7.5 mg/ml versus bupivacaine 5 mg/ml for interscalene brachial plexus block: a comparative study. Anaesth Intensive Care 2002 Jun; 30: 331-7
    • (2002) Anaesth Intensive Care , vol.30 , pp. 331-337
    • Hofmann-Kiefer, K.1    Herbrich, C.2    Seebauer, A.3
  • 94
    • 0037219185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interscalene brachial plexus anesthesia and analgesia for open shoulder surgery: A randomized, double-blinded comparison between levobupivacaine and ropivacaine
    • Jan
    • Casati A, Borghi B, Fanelli G, et al. Interscalene brachial plexus anesthesia and analgesia for open shoulder surgery: a randomized, double-blinded comparison between levobupivacaine and ropivacaine. Anesth Analg 2003 Jan; 96: 253-9
    • (2003) Anesth Analg , vol.96 , pp. 253-259
    • Casati, A.1    Borghi, B.2    Fanelli, G.3
  • 95
    • 5344232066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analgesia and effectiveness of levobupivacaine compared with ropivacaine in patients undergoing an axillary brachial plexus block
    • Oct
    • Cline E, Franz D, Polley RD, et al. Analgesia and effectiveness of levobupivacaine compared with ropivacaine in patients undergoing an axillary brachial plexus block. AANA J 2004 Oct; 72 (5): 339-45
    • (2004) AANA J , vol.72 , Issue.5 , pp. 339-345
    • Cline, E.1    Franz, D.2    Polley, R.D.3
  • 96
    • 0032717792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multicentre trial of ropivacaine 7.5 mg/ml(-1) vs bupivacaine 5 mg/ml (-) for supraclavicular brachial plexus anesthesia
    • Vaghadia H, Chan V, Ganapathy S, et al. A multicentre trial of ropivacaine 7.5 mg/ml(-1) vs bupivacaine 5 mg/ml (-) for supraclavicular brachial plexus anesthesia. Can J Anesth 1999; 46 (10): 946-51
    • (1999) Can J Anesth , vol.46 , Issue.10 , pp. 946-951
    • Vaghadia, H.1    Chan, V.2    Ganapathy, S.3
  • 97
    • 0032821399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Axillary brachial plexus block with ropivacaine 7.5 mg/mL: A comparative study with bupivacaine 5 mg/mL
    • Raeder JC, Drosdahl S, Klaastad O, et al. Axillary brachial plexus block with ropivacaine 7.5 mg/mL: a comparative study with bupivacaine 5 mg/mL. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1999; 43 (8): 794-8
    • (1999) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.43 , Issue.8 , pp. 794-798
    • Raeder, J.C.1    Drosdahl, S.2    Klaastad, O.3
  • 98
    • 2442586456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-dose bupivacaine, levobupivacaine and ropivacaine in axillary brachial plexus block
    • May
    • Liisanantti O, Luukkonen J, Rosenberg PH. High-dose bupivacaine, levobupivacaine and ropivacaine in axillary brachial plexus block. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2004 May; 48 (5): 601-6
    • (2004) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.48 , Issue.5 , pp. 601-606
    • Liisanantti, O.1    Luukkonen, J.2    Rosenberg, P.H.3
  • 99
    • 0031765735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of 0.5% bupivacaine, 0.5% ropivacaine, and 0.75% ropivacaine for interscalene brachial plexus block
    • Klein SM, Greengrass RA, Steele SM, et al. Comparison of 0.5% bupivacaine, 0.5% ropivacaine, and 0.75% ropivacaine for interscalene brachial plexus block. Anesth Analg 1998; 87: 1316-9
    • (1998) Anesth Analg , vol.87 , pp. 1316-1319
    • Klein, S.M.1    Greengrass, R.A.2    Steele, S.M.3
  • 100
    • 0032714584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 0.75% and 0.5% ropivacaine for axillary brachial plexus block; a clinical comparison with 0.5% bupivacaine
    • 19999
    • Bertini L, Tagariello V, Mancini S, et al. 0.75% and 0.5% ropivacaine for axillary brachial plexus block; a clinical comparison with 0.5% bupivacaine. Reg Anesth Pain Med 19999; 24 (6): 514-8
    • Reg Anesth Pain Med , vol.24 , Issue.6 , pp. 514-518
    • Bertini, L.1    Tagariello, V.2    Mancini, S.3
  • 101
    • 0031789347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of 0.5% ropivacaine and 0.5% bupivacaine for axillary brachial plexus anaesthesia
    • McGlade DP, Kalpokas MV, Mooney PH, et al. A comparison of 0.5% ropivacaine and 0.5% bupivacaine for axillary brachial plexus anaesthesia. Anaesth Intensive Care 1998; 26 (5): 515-20
    • (1998) Anaesth Intensive Care , vol.26 , Issue.5 , pp. 515-520
    • McGlade, D.P.1    Kalpokas, M.V.2    Mooney, P.H.3
  • 102
    • 0033735619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clonidine prolongs the effect of ropivacaine for axillary brachial plexus blockade
    • Oct
    • ElSaied AH, Steyn MP, Ansermino JM. Clonidine prolongs the effect of ropivacaine for axillary brachial plexus blockade. Can J Anesth 2000 Oct; 47: 962-7
    • (2000) Can J Anesth , vol.47 , pp. 962-967
    • ElSaied, A.H.1    Steyn, M.P.2    Ansermino, J.M.3
  • 103
    • 0034928137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clonidine as adjuvant for mepivacaine, ropivacaine and bupivacaine in axillary, perivascular brachial plexus block
    • Jun
    • Erlacher W, Schuschnig C, Koinig H, et al. Clonidine as adjuvant for mepivacaine, ropivacaine and bupivacaine in axillary, perivascular brachial plexus block. Can J Anesth 2001 Jun; 48: 522-5
    • (2001) Can J Anesth , vol.48 , pp. 522-525
    • Erlacher, W.1    Schuschnig, C.2    Koinig, H.3
  • 104
    • 0031658767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A double-blind comparison of ropivacaine, bupivacaine, and mepivacaine during sciatic and femoral nerve blockade
    • Fanelli G, Casati A, Beccaria P, et al. A double-blind comparison of ropivacaine, bupivacaine, and mepivacaine during sciatic and femoral nerve blockade. Anesth Analg 1998; 87: 597-600
    • (1998) Anesth Analg , vol.87 , pp. 597-600
    • Fanelli, G.1    Casati, A.2    Beccaria, P.3
  • 105
    • 0032955423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ropivacaine or 2% mepivacaine for lower limb peripheral nerve blocks
    • Casati A, Fanelli G, Borghi B, et al. Ropivacaine or 2% mepivacaine for lower limb peripheral nerve blocks. Anesthesiology 1999; 90 (4): 1047-52
    • (1999) Anesthesiology , vol.90 , Issue.4 , pp. 1047-1052
    • Casati, A.1    Fanelli, G.2    Borghi, B.3
  • 106
    • 0036206247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A double-blinded, randomized comparison of either 0.5% levobupivacaine or 0.5% ropivacaine for sciatic nerve block
    • Apr
    • Casati A, Borghi B, Fanelli G, et al. A double-blinded, randomized comparison of either 0.5% levobupivacaine or 0.5% ropivacaine for sciatic nerve block. Anesth Analg 2002 Apr; 94 (4): 987-90
    • (2002) Anesth Analg , vol.94 , Issue.4 , pp. 987-990
    • Casati, A.1    Borghi, B.2    Fanelli, G.3
  • 107
    • 0036723865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ropivacaine for dental anesthesia: A dose-finding study
    • Sep
    • Ernberg M, Kopp S. Ropivacaine for dental anesthesia: a dose-finding study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2002 Sep; 60: 1004-10
    • (2002) J Oral Maxillofac Surg , vol.60 , pp. 1004-1010
    • Ernberg, M.1    Kopp, S.2
  • 109
    • 0032931082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetics of 1% ropivacaine and 0.75% bupivacaine in peribulbar anaesthesia for cataract surgery
    • Huha T, Ala-Kokko TI, Salomaki T, et al. Clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetics of 1% ropivacaine and 0.75% bupivacaine in peribulbar anaesthesia for cataract surgery. Anaesthesia 1999; 54: 137-41
    • (1999) Anaesthesia , vol.54 , pp. 137-141
    • Huha, T.1    Ala-Kokko, T.I.2    Salomaki, T.3
  • 110
    • 0033052611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of 1% ropivacaine and a mixture of 2% lignocaine and 0.5% bupivacaine for peribulbar anaesthesia in cataract surgery
    • Corke PJ, Baker J, Cammack R. Comparison of 1% ropivacaine and a mixture of 2% lignocaine and 0.5% bupivacaine for peribulbar anaesthesia in cataract surgery. Anaesth Intens Care 1999; 27: 249-52
    • (1999) Anaesth Intens Care , vol.27 , pp. 249-252
    • Corke, P.J.1    Baker, J.2    Cammack, R.3
  • 111
    • 0032714276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lidocaine plus ropivacaine versus lidocaine plus bupivacaine for peribulbar anaesthesia by single medial injection
    • Gillart T, Barrau P, Bazin JE, et al. Lidocaine plus ropivacaine versus lidocaine plus bupivacaine for peribulbar anaesthesia by single medial injection. Anaesth Analg 1999; 89: 1192-6
    • (1999) Anaesth Analg , vol.89 , pp. 1192-1196
    • Gillart, T.1    Barrau, P.2    Bazin, J.E.3
  • 113
    • 0033793370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A double-blind randomised comparison of ropivacaine 0.5%, bupivacaine 0.375% -lidocaine 1% and ropivacaine 0.5% - Lidocaine 1% mixtures for cataract surgery
    • Oct
    • Perello A, George J, Skelton V, et al. A double-blind randomised comparison of ropivacaine 0.5%, bupivacaine 0.375% -lidocaine 1% and ropivacaine 0.5% - lidocaine 1% mixtures for cataract surgery. Anaesthesia 2000 Oct; 55: 1003-7
    • (2000) Anaesthesia , vol.55 , pp. 1003-1007
    • Perello, A.1    George, J.2    Skelton, V.3
  • 115
    • 0032705436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of 1% ropivacaine with a mixture of 0.75% bupivacaine and 2% lignocaine for peribulbar anaesthesia
    • McLure HA, Rubin AP, Westcott M, et al. A comparison of 1% ropivacaine with a mixture of 0.75% bupivacaine and 2% lignocaine for peribulbar anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 1999; 54: 1178-82
    • (1999) Anaesthesia , vol.54 , pp. 1178-1182
    • McLure, H.A.1    Rubin, A.P.2    Westcott, M.3
  • 117
    • 10244249265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraocular pressure and quality of blockade in peribulbar anesthesia using ropivacaine or lidocaine with adrenaline: A double-blind randomized study
    • Nov
    • Olmez G, Cakmak SS, Caca I, et al. Intraocular pressure and quality of blockade in peribulbar anesthesia using ropivacaine or lidocaine with adrenaline: a double-blind randomized study. Tohoku J Exp Med 2004 Nov; 204 (3): 203-8
    • (2004) Tohoku J Exp Med , vol.204 , Issue.3 , pp. 203-208
    • Olmez, G.1    Cakmak, S.S.2    Caca, I.3
  • 118
    • 0032901911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidural analgesia with local anesthetics after abdominal surgery: Earlier motor recovery with 0.2% ropivacaine than 0.175% bupivacaine
    • Brodner G, Mertes N, van Aken H, et al. Epidural analgesia with local anesthetics after abdominal surgery: earlier motor recovery with 0.2% ropivacaine than 0.175% bupivacaine. Anesth Analg 1998; 88: 128-33
    • (1998) Anesth Analg , vol.88 , pp. 128-133
    • Brodner, G.1    Mertes, N.2    Van Aken, H.3
  • 119
    • 0031773570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous epidural infusion of ropivacaine for postoperative analgesia after major abdominal surgery: Comparative study with i.v. PCA morphine
    • Jayr C, Beaussier M, Gustafsson U, et al. Continuous epidural infusion of ropivacaine for postoperative analgesia after major abdominal surgery: comparative study with i.v. PCA morphine. Br J Anaesth 1998; 81: 887-92
    • (1998) Br J Anaesth , vol.81 , pp. 887-892
    • Jayr, C.1    Beaussier, M.2    Gustafsson, U.3
  • 120
    • 0035193532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patient-controlled epidural analgesia after abdominal surgery: Ropivacaine versus bupivacaine
    • Dec
    • Pouzeratte Y, Delay JM, Brunat G, et al. Patient-controlled epidural analgesia after abdominal surgery: ropivacaine versus bupivacaine. Anesth Analg 2001 Dec; 93: 1587-92
    • (2001) Anesth Analg , vol.93 , pp. 1587-1592
    • Pouzeratte, Y.1    Delay, J.M.2    Brunat, G.3
  • 121
    • 0032923548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of epidural ropivacaine infusion alone and in combination with 1, 2 and 4mcg/ml fentanyl for seventy-two hours of postoperative analgesia after major abdominal surgery
    • Scott DA, Blake D, Buckland M, et al. A comparison of epidural ropivacaine infusion alone and in combination with 1, 2 and 4mcg/ml fentanyl for seventy-two hours of postoperative analgesia after major abdominal surgery. Anesth Analg 1999; 88: 857-64
    • (1999) Anesth Analg , vol.88 , pp. 857-864
    • Scott, D.A.1    Blake, D.2    Buckland, M.3
  • 122
    • 0036077932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of 0.1% and 0.2% ropivacaine and bupivacaine combined with morphine for postoperative patient-controlled epidural analgesia after major abdominal surgery
    • Aug
    • Senard M, Joris JL, Ledoux D, et al. A comparison of 0.1% and 0.2% ropivacaine and bupivacaine combined with morphine for postoperative patient-controlled epidural analgesia after major abdominal surgery. Anesth Analg 2002 Aug; 95: 444-9
    • (2002) Anesth Analg , vol.95 , pp. 444-449
    • Senard, M.1    Joris, J.L.2    Ledoux, D.3
  • 123
    • 0345161421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ropivacaine epidural anesthesia and analgesia versus general anesthesia and intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with morphine in the perioperative management of hip replacement
    • Wulf H, Biscoping J, Beland B, et al. Ropivacaine epidural anesthesia and analgesia versus general anesthesia and intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with morphine in the perioperative management of hip replacement. Anesth Analg 1999; 89: 111-9
    • (1999) Anesth Analg , vol.89 , pp. 111-119
    • Wulf, H.1    Biscoping, J.2    Beland, B.3
  • 124
    • 7444252819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small dose of clonidine mixed with low-dose ropivacaine and fentanyl for epidural analgesia after total knee arthroplasty
    • Nov
    • Forster JG, Rosenberg PH. Small dose of clonidine mixed with low-dose ropivacaine and fentanyl for epidural analgesia after total knee arthroplasty. Br J Anaesth 2004 Nov; 93 (5): 670-7
    • (2004) Br J Anaesth , vol.93 , Issue.5 , pp. 670-677
    • Forster, J.G.1    Rosenberg, P.H.2
  • 125
    • 30144446043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post operative analgesia following total hip replacement surgery: A comparison of levobupivacaine and ropivacaine via epidural infusion
    • abstract no. S-344. Feb
    • McClelland AM, Beckett N, Milligan KR. Post operative analgesia following total hip replacement surgery: a comparison of levobupivacaine and ropivacaine via epidural infusion [abstract no. S-344]. Anesth Analg 2002 Feb; 94
    • (2002) Anesth Analg , vol.94
    • McClelland, A.M.1    Beckett, N.2    Milligan, K.R.3
  • 126
    • 16844370390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved analgesia with clonidine when added to local anesthetic during combined spinal-epidural anesthesia for hip arthroplasty: A double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled study
    • Apr
    • Dobrydnjov I, Axelsson K, Gupta A, et al. Improved analgesia with clonidine when added to local anesthetic during combined spinal-epidural anesthesia for hip arthroplasty: a double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2005 Apr; 49 (4): 538-45
    • (2005) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.49 , Issue.4 , pp. 538-545
    • Dobrydnjov, I.1    Axelsson, K.2    Gupta, A.3
  • 127
    • 0034952863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postoperative analgesia by combined continuous infusion and patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) following hip replacement: Ropivacaine versus bupivacaine
    • Jul
    • Bertini L, Mancini S, Di Benedetto P, et al. Postoperative analgesia by combined continuous infusion and patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) following hip replacement: ropivacaine versus bupivacaine. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2001 Jul; 45: 782-5
    • (2001) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.45 , pp. 782-785
    • Bertini, L.1    Mancini, S.2    Di Benedetto, P.3
  • 128
    • 0031956014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison between extradural infusion of ropivacaine or bupivacaine for the prevention of postoperative pain after total knee arthoplasty
    • Muldoon T, Milligan K, Quinn P, et al. Comparison between extradural infusion of ropivacaine or bupivacaine for the prevention of postoperative pain after total knee arthoplasty. Br J Anaesth 1998; 80: 680-1
    • (1998) Br J Anaesth , vol.80 , pp. 680-681
    • Muldoon, T.1    Milligan, K.2    Quinn, P.3
  • 129
    • 0036257158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of ropivacaine compared with ropivacaine plus sufentanil for postoperative analgesia after major knee surgery
    • May
    • Lorenzini C, Moreira LB, Ferreira MBC. Efficacy of ropivacaine compared with ropivacaine plus sufentanil for postoperative analgesia after major knee surgery. Anaesthesia 2002 May; 57: 424-8
    • (2002) Anaesthesia , vol.57 , pp. 424-428
    • Lorenzini, C.1    Moreira, L.B.2    Ferreira, M.B.C.3
  • 130
    • 0035174689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patient-controlled interscalene analgesia with ropivacaine 0.2% versus bupivacaine 0.15% after major open shoulder surgery: The effects on hand motor function
    • Jan
    • Borgeat A, Kalberer F, Jacob H, et al. Patient-controlled interscalene analgesia with ropivacaine 0.2% versus bupivacaine 0.15% after major open shoulder surgery: the effects on hand motor function. Anesth Analg 2001 Jan; 92: 218-23
    • (2001) Anesth Analg , vol.92 , pp. 218-223
    • Borgeat, A.1    Kalberer, F.2    Jacob, H.3
  • 131
    • 0031695645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patient-controlled interscalene analgesia with ropivacaine after major shoulder surgery: PCIA vs PCA
    • Borgeat A, Tewes E, Biasca N, et al. Patient-controlled interscalene analgesia with ropivacaine after major shoulder surgery: PCIA vs PCA. Br J Anaesth 1998; 81: 603-5
    • (1998) Br J Anaesth , vol.81 , pp. 603-605
    • Borgeat, A.1    Tewes, E.2    Biasca, N.3
  • 132
    • 11144302544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A clinical comparison of equal concentration and volume of ropivacaine and bupivacaine for interscalene brachial plexus anesthesia and analgesia in shoulder surgery
    • Nov-2004 31
    • Eroglu A, Uzunlar H, Sener M, et al. A clinical comparison of equal concentration and volume of ropivacaine and bupivacaine for interscalene brachial plexus anesthesia and analgesia in shoulder surgery. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2004 Nov-2004 31; 29 (6): 539-43
    • (2004) Reg Anesth Pain Med , vol.29 , Issue.6 , pp. 539-543
    • Eroglu, A.1    Uzunlar, H.2    Sener, M.3
  • 133
    • 0033865289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small-dose clonidine prolongs postoperative analgesia after sciatic-femoral nerve block with 0.75% ropivacaine for foot surgery
    • Casati A, Magistris L, Fanelli G, et al. Small-dose clonidine prolongs postoperative analgesia after sciatic-femoral nerve block with 0.75% ropivacaine for foot surgery. Anesth Analg 2000; 91: 388-92
    • (2000) Anesth Analg , vol.91 , pp. 388-392
    • Casati, A.1    Magistris, L.2    Fanelli, G.3
  • 134
    • 0036712817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dose-sparing effect of clonidine added to ropivacaine for labor epidural analgesia
    • Sep
    • Landau R, Schiffer E, Morales M, et al. The dose-sparing effect of clonidine added to ropivacaine for labor epidural analgesia. Anesth Analg 2002 Sep; 95: 728-34
    • (2002) Anesth Analg , vol.95 , pp. 728-734
    • Landau, R.1    Schiffer, E.2    Morales, M.3
  • 135
    • 15544381433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clonidine added to a continuous interscalene ropivacaine perineural infusion to improve postoperative analgesia: A randomized, double-blind, controlled study
    • Apr
    • Ilfeld BM, Morey TE, Thannikary LJ, et al. Clonidine added to a continuous interscalene ropivacaine perineural infusion to improve postoperative analgesia: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study. Anesth Analg 2005 Apr; 100 (4): 1172-8
    • (2005) Anesth Analg , vol.100 , Issue.4 , pp. 1172-1178
    • Ilfeld, B.M.1    Morey, T.E.2    Thannikary, L.J.3
  • 136
    • 0037377888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous interscalene brachial plexus block for postoperative pain control at home: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study
    • Apr
    • Ilfeld BM, Morey TE, Wright TW, et al. Continuous interscalene brachial plexus block for postoperative pain control at home: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Anesth Analg 2003 Apr; 96 (4): 1089-95
    • (2003) Anesth Analg , vol.96 , Issue.4 , pp. 1089-1095
    • Ilfeld, B.M.1    Morey, T.E.2    Wright, T.W.3
  • 137
    • 0035076557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Total knee replacement: A comparison of ropivacaine and bupivacaine in combined femoral and sciatic block
    • Apr
    • McNamee DA, Convery PN, Milligan KR. Total knee replacement: a comparison of ropivacaine and bupivacaine in combined femoral and sciatic block. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2001 Apr; 45: 477-81
    • (2001) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.45 , pp. 477-481
    • McNamee, D.A.1    Convery, P.N.2    Milligan, K.R.3
  • 138
    • 4143109164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levobupivacaine 0.2% or 0.125% for continuous sciatic nerve block: A prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison with 0.2% ropivacaine
    • Sep
    • Casati A, Vinciguerra F, Cappelleri G, et al. Levobupivacaine 0.2% or 0.125% for continuous sciatic nerve block: a prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison with 0.2% ropivacaine. Anesth Analg 2004 Sep; 99 (3): 919-23
    • (2004) Anesth Analg , vol.99 , Issue.3 , pp. 919-923
    • Casati, A.1    Vinciguerra, F.2    Cappelleri, G.3
  • 139
    • 0030872144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preoperative local infiltration with ropivacaine for postoperative pain relief after inguinal hernia repair
    • Johansson B, Hallerback B, Stubberod A, et al. Preoperative local infiltration with ropivacaine for postoperative pain relief after inguinal hernia repair. Eur J Surg 1997; 163: 371-8
    • (1997) Eur J Surg , vol.163 , pp. 371-378
    • Johansson, B.1    Hallerback, B.2    Stubberod, A.3
  • 140
    • 0032924786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ropivacaine 0.25% and 0.5%, but not 0.125%, provide effective wound infiltration analgesia after outpatient hernia repair, but with sustained plasma drug levels
    • Mulroy MF, Burgess FW, Emanuelsson B-M. Ropivacaine 0.25% and 0.5%, but not 0.125%, provide effective wound infiltration analgesia after outpatient hernia repair, but with sustained plasma drug levels. Reg Anesth Pain Med 1999; 24 (2): 136-41
    • (1999) Reg Anesth Pain Med , vol.24 , Issue.2 , pp. 136-141
    • Mulroy, M.F.1    Burgess, F.W.2    Emanuelsson, B.-M.3
  • 141
    • 0032714518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pain relief by wound infiltration with bupivacaine or high-dose ropivacaine after inguinal hernia repair
    • Pettersson N, Berggren P, Larsson M, et al. Pain relief by wound infiltration with bupivacaine or high-dose ropivacaine after inguinal hernia repair. Reg Anesth Pain Med 1999; 24 (6): 569-75
    • (1999) Reg Anesth Pain Med , vol.24 , Issue.6 , pp. 569-575
    • Pettersson, N.1    Berggren, P.2    Larsson, M.3
  • 142
    • 0037963198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pre-emptive analgesia in gynecologic surgical procedures: Preoperative wound infiltration with ropivacaine in patients who undergo laparotomy through a midline vertical incision
    • Apr
    • Updike GM, Manolitsas TP, Cohn DE, et al. Pre-emptive analgesia in gynecologic surgical procedures: preoperative wound infiltration with ropivacaine in patients who undergo laparotomy through a midline vertical incision. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003 Apr; 188: 901-5
    • (2003) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.188 , pp. 901-905
    • Updike, G.M.1    Manolitsas, T.P.2    Cohn, D.E.3
  • 143
    • 0032862929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-regional local anaesthetic infiltration during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients receiving multi-modal prophylactic analgesia: A randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study
    • Bisgaard T, Klarskov B, Kristiansen VB, et al. Multi-regional local anaesthetic infiltration during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients receiving multi-modal prophylactic analgesia: A randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Anesth Analg 1999; 89 (4): 1017-24
    • (1999) Anesth Analg , vol.89 , Issue.4 , pp. 1017-1024
    • Bisgaard, T.1    Klarskov, B.2    Kristiansen, V.B.3
  • 144
    • 0347031573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preincisional local infiltration of levobupivacaine vs ropivacaine for pain control after laparoscopic cholecystectomy
    • Dec
    • Papagiannopoulou P, Argiriadou H, Georgiou M, et al. Preincisional local infiltration of levobupivacaine vs ropivacaine for pain control after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 2003 Dec; 17 (12): 1961-4
    • (2003) Surg Endosc , vol.17 , Issue.12 , pp. 1961-1964
    • Papagiannopoulou, P.1    Argiriadou, H.2    Georgiou, M.3
  • 145
    • 0033037711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined field block and i.p. instillation of ropivacaine for pain management after laparoscopic sterilisation
    • Callesen T, Hjort D, Mogensen T, et al. Combined field block and i.p. instillation of ropivacaine for pain management after laparoscopic sterilisation. Br J Anaesth 1999; 82 (4): 586-90
    • (1999) Br J Anaesth , vol.82 , Issue.4 , pp. 586-590
    • Callesen, T.1    Hjort, D.2    Mogensen, T.3
  • 146
    • 0042330047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ropivacaine compared to lidocaine for tonsillectomy under local anaesthesia
    • Aug
    • Apostolopoulos K, Labropoulou E, Samaan R, et al. Ropivacaine compared to lidocaine for tonsillectomy under local anaesthesia. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2003 Aug; 260 (7): 355-7
    • (2003) Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol , vol.260 , Issue.7 , pp. 355-357
    • Apostolopoulos, K.1    Labropoulou, E.2    Samaan, R.3
  • 147
    • 0033690876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The analgesic efficacy of patient-controlled ropivacaine instillation after cesarean delivery
    • Dec
    • Fredman B, Shapiro A, Zohar E, et al. The analgesic efficacy of patient-controlled ropivacaine instillation after cesarean delivery. Anesth Analg 2000 Dec; 91: 1436-40
    • (2000) Anesth Analg , vol.91 , pp. 1436-1440
    • Fredman, B.1    Shapiro, A.2    Zohar, E.3
  • 148
    • 0033802858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preoperative ropivacaine infiltration in breast surgery
    • Oct
    • Johansson A, Axelson J, Ingvar C, et al. Preoperative ropivacaine infiltration in breast surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2000 Oct; 44: 1093-8
    • (2000) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.44 , pp. 1093-1098
    • Johansson, A.1    Axelson, J.2    Ingvar, C.3
  • 149
    • 0032754376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wound infiltration and drain lavage with ropivacaine after major shoulder surgery
    • Horn EP, Schroeder F, Wilhelm S, et al. Wound infiltration and drain lavage with ropivacaine after major shoulder surgery. Anaesth Analg 1999; 89: 1461-6
    • (1999) Anaesth Analg , vol.89 , pp. 1461-1466
    • Horn, E.P.1    Schroeder, F.2    Wilhelm, S.3
  • 150
    • 0141458075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous wound infiltration with ropivacaine reduces pain and analgesic requirement after shoulder surgery
    • Oct
    • Gottschalk A, Burmeister MA, Radtke P, et al. Continuous wound infiltration with ropivacaine reduces pain and analgesic requirement after shoulder surgery. Anesth Analg 2003 Oct; 97 (4): 1086-91
    • (2003) Anesth Analg , vol.97 , Issue.4 , pp. 1086-1091
    • Gottschalk, A.1    Burmeister, M.A.2    Radtke, P.3
  • 151
    • 0036143468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local infiltration with ropivacaine improves immediate postoperative pain control after hemorrhoidal surgery
    • Jan
    • Vinson-Bonnet B, Coltat JC, Fingerhut A, et al. Local infiltration with ropivacaine improves immediate postoperative pain control after hemorrhoidal surgery. Dis Colon Rectum 2002 Jan; 45: 104-8
    • (2002) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.45 , pp. 104-108
    • Vinson-Bonnet, B.1    Coltat, J.C.2    Fingerhut, A.3
  • 152
    • 0042433180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patient-controlled regional analgesia (PCRA) with ropivacaine after arthroscopic subacromial decompression
    • Sep
    • Axelsson K, Nordenson U, Johanzon E, et al. Patient-controlled regional analgesia (PCRA) with ropivacaine after arthroscopic subacromial decompression. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2003 Sep; 47 (8): 993-1000
    • (2003) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.47 , Issue.8 , pp. 993-1000
    • Axelsson, K.1    Nordenson, U.2    Johanzon, E.3
  • 153
    • 15944400309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative efficacy of ropivacaine and bupivacaine infiltrative analgesia in otoplasty
    • Apr
    • Kakagia D, Fotiadis S, Tripsiannis G. Comparative efficacy of ropivacaine and bupivacaine infiltrative analgesia in otoplasty. Ann Plast Surg 2005 Apr; 54 (4): 409-11
    • (2005) Ann Plast Surg , vol.54 , Issue.4 , pp. 409-411
    • Kakagia, D.1    Fotiadis, S.2    Tripsiannis, G.3
  • 154
    • 14844335663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intra-articular ropivacaine 0.75% and bupivacaine 0.50% for analgesia after arthroscopic knee surgery: A randomized prospective study
    • Mar
    • Marret E, Gentili M, Bonnet MP, et al. Intra-articular ropivacaine 0.75% and bupivacaine 0.50% for analgesia after arthroscopic knee surgery: a randomized prospective study. Arthroscopy 2005 Mar; 21 (3): 313-6
    • (2005) Arthroscopy , vol.21 , Issue.3 , pp. 313-316
    • Marret, E.1    Gentili, M.2    Bonnet, M.P.3
  • 155
  • 156
    • 0036156238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The efficacy of caudal ropivacaine 1, 2 and 3 mg/ml for postoperative analgesia in children
    • Jan
    • Bosenberg A, Thomas J, Lopez T, et al. The efficacy of caudal ropivacaine 1, 2 and 3 mg/ml for postoperative analgesia in children. Paediatr Anaesth 2002 Jan; 12: 53-8
    • (2002) Paediatr Anaesth , vol.12 , pp. 53-58
    • Bosenberg, A.1    Thomas, J.2    Lopez, T.3
  • 157
    • 0141929554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levobupivacaine 0.25% compared with ropivacaine 0.25% by the caudal route in children
    • Oct
    • Astuto M, Disma N, Arena C. Levobupivacaine 0.25% compared with ropivacaine 0.25% by the caudal route in children. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2003 Oct; 20 (10): 826-30
    • (2003) Eur J Anaesthesiol , vol.20 , Issue.10 , pp. 826-830
    • Astuto, M.1    Disma, N.2    Arena, C.3
  • 158
    • 0031943781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caudal anaesthesia with 0.375% ropivacaine or 0.375% bupivacaine in paediatric patients
    • Apr
    • Da Conceicao MJ, Coelho L. Caudal anaesthesia with 0.375% ropivacaine or 0.375% bupivacaine in paediatric patients. Br J Anaesth 1998 Apr; 80 (4): 507-8
    • (1998) Br J Anaesth , vol.80 , Issue.4 , pp. 507-508
    • Da Conceicao, M.J.1    Coelho, L.2
  • 159
    • 0032920275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ropivacaine 0.25% compared with bupivacaine 0.25% by the caudal route
    • Da Conceicao MJ, Coelho L, Khalil M. Ropivacaine 0.25% compared with bupivacaine 0.25% by the caudal route. Paediatr Anaesth 1999; 9 (3): 229-33
    • (1999) Paediatr Anaesth , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 229-233
    • Da Conceicao, M.J.1    Coelho, L.2    Khalil, M.3
  • 160
    • 20444455920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caudal anesthesia for minor pediatric surgery: A prospective randomized comparison of ropivacaine 0.2% vs levobupivacaine 0.2%
    • Jun
    • Ivani G, DE Negri P, Lonnqvist PA, et al. Caudal anesthesia for minor pediatric surgery: a prospective randomized comparison of ropivacaine 0.2% vs levobupivacaine 0.2%. Paediatr Anaesth 2005 Jun; 15 (6): 491-4
    • (2005) Paediatr Anaesth , vol.15 , Issue.6 , pp. 491-494
    • Ivani, G.1    De Negri, P.2    Lonnqvist, P.A.3
  • 161
    • 7344220906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of ropivacaine with bupivacaine for paediatric caudal block
    • Aug
    • Ivani G, Lampugnani E, Torre M, et al. Comparison of ropivacaine with bupivacaine for paediatric caudal block. Br J Anaesth 1998 Aug; 81 (2): 247-8
    • (1998) Br J Anaesth , vol.81 , Issue.2 , pp. 247-248
    • Ivani, G.1    Lampugnani, E.2    Torre, M.3
  • 162
    • 0032704011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caudal block in children: Ropivacaine compared with bupivacaine
    • Nov
    • Khalil S, Campos C, Farag AM, et al. Caudal block in children: ropivacaine compared with bupivacaine. Anesthesiology 1999 Nov; 91 (5): 1279-84
    • (1999) Anesthesiology , vol.91 , Issue.5 , pp. 1279-1284
    • Khalil, S.1    Campos, C.2    Farag, A.M.3
  • 163
    • 14844355839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized, doubleblind, phase III, controlled trial comparing levobupivacaine 0.25%, ropivacaine 0.25% and bupivacaine 0.25% by the caudal route in children
    • Mar
    • Locatelli B, Ingelmo P, Sonzogni V, et al. Randomized, doubleblind, phase III, controlled trial comparing levobupivacaine 0.25%, ropivacaine 0.25% and bupivacaine 0.25% by the caudal route in children. Br J Anaesth 2005 Mar; 94 (3): 366-71
    • (2005) Br J Anaesth , vol.94 , Issue.3 , pp. 366-371
    • Locatelli, B.1    Ingelmo, P.2    Sonzogni, V.3
  • 164
    • 0033856316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caudal ropivacaine and ketamine for postoperative analgesia in children
    • Aug
    • Lee HM, Sanders GM. Caudal ropivacaine and ketamine for postoperative analgesia in children. Anaesthesia 2000 Aug; 55 (8): 806-10
    • (2000) Anaesthesia , vol.55 , Issue.8 , pp. 806-810
    • Lee, H.M.1    Sanders, G.M.2
  • 165
    • 3042804047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of caudal ropivacaine, ropivacaine plus ketamine and ropivacaine plus tramadol administration for postoperative analgesia in children
    • Jul
    • Gunes Y, Secen M, Ozcengiz D, et al. Comparison of caudal ropivacaine, ropivacaine plus ketamine and ropivacaine plus tramadol administration for postoperative analgesia in children. Paediatr Anaesth 2004 Jul; 14 (7): 557-63
    • (2004) Paediatr Anaesth , vol.14 , Issue.7 , pp. 557-563
    • Gunes, Y.1    Secen, M.2    Ozcengiz, D.3
  • 166
    • 0033009971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ropivacaine vs bupivacaine in major surgery in infants
    • May
    • Ivani G, Lampugnani E, De Negri P, et al. Ropivacaine vs bupivacaine in major surgery in infants. Can J Anaesth 1999 May; 46 (5 Pt 1): 467-9
    • (1999) Can J Anaesth , vol.46 , Issue.5 PART 1 , pp. 467-469
    • Ivani, G.1    Lampugnani, E.2    De Negri, P.3
  • 167
    • 0038460748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of 0.2% ropivacaine and 0.25% bupivacaine for axillary brachial plexus blocks in paediatric hand surgery
    • Jun
    • Thornton KL, Sacks MD, Hall R, et al. Comparison of 0.2% ropivacaine and 0.25% bupivacaine for axillary brachial plexus blocks in paediatric hand surgery. Paediatr Anaesth 2003 Jun; 13 (5): 409-12
    • (2003) Paediatr Anaesth , vol.13 , Issue.5 , pp. 409-412
    • Thornton, K.L.1    Sacks, M.D.2    Hall, R.3
  • 168
    • 0034778760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ropivacaine with or without clonidine improves pediatric tonsillectomy pain
    • Oct
    • Giannoni C, White S, Enneking FK, et al. Ropivacaine with or without clonidine improves pediatric tonsillectomy pain. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2001 Oct; 127: 1265-70
    • (2001) Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg , vol.127 , pp. 1265-1270
    • Giannoni, C.1    White, S.2    Enneking, F.K.3
  • 169
    • 1842582609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of perioperative administration of ropivacaine with epinephrine on postoperative pediatric adenotonsillectomy recovery
    • Apr
    • Park AH, Pappas AL, Fluder E, et al. Effect of perioperative administration of ropivacaine with epinephrine on postoperative pediatric adenotonsillectomy recovery. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2004 Apr; 130 (4): 459-64
    • (2004) Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg , vol.130 , Issue.4 , pp. 459-464
    • Park, A.H.1    Pappas, A.L.2    Fluder, E.3
  • 170
    • 0345714997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patient-controlled epidural analgesia versus continuous epidural infusion with ropivacaine for postoperative analgesia in children
    • Dec
    • Antok E, Bordet F, Duflo F, et al. Patient-controlled epidural analgesia versus continuous epidural infusion with ropivacaine for postoperative analgesia in children. Anesth Analg 2003 Dec; 97 (6): 1608-11
    • (2003) Anesth Analg , vol.97 , Issue.6 , pp. 1608-1611
    • Antok, E.1    Bordet, F.2    Duflo, F.3
  • 171
    • 3042523215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of epidural bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, and ropivacaine on postoperative analgesia and motor blockade
    • Jul
    • De Negri P, Ivani G, Tirri T, et al. A comparison of epidural bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, and ropivacaine on postoperative analgesia and motor blockade. Anesth Analg 2004 Jul; 99 (1): 45-8
    • (2004) Anesth Analg , vol.99 , Issue.1 , pp. 45-48
    • De Negri, P.1    Ivani, G.2    Tirri, T.3
  • 172
    • 0038443936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multicenter, randomized, controlled trial comparing bupivacaine with ropivacaine for labor analgesia
    • Jun
    • Halpern SH, Breen TW, Campbell DC, et al. A multicenter, randomized, controlled trial comparing bupivacaine with ropivacaine for labor analgesia. Anesthesiology 2003 Jun; 98: 1431-5
    • (2003) Anesthesiology , vol.98 , pp. 1431-1435
    • Halpern, S.H.1    Breen, T.W.2    Campbell, D.C.3
  • 173
    • 1642543296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidural infusions of ropivacaine and bupivacaine for labor analgesia: A randomized, double-blind study of obstetric outcome
    • Apr
    • Lee BB, Ngan Kee WD, Ng FF, et al. Epidural infusions of ropivacaine and bupivacaine for labor analgesia: a randomized, double-blind study of obstetric outcome. Anesth Analg 2004 Apr; 98 (4): 1145-52
    • (2004) Anesth Analg , vol.98 , Issue.4 , pp. 1145-1152
    • Lee, B.B.1    Ngan Kee, W.D.2    Ng, F.F.3
  • 174
    • 0346102649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of duration of analgesia of intrathecal 2.5 mg of bupivacaine, ropivacaine, and levobupivacaine in combined spinal epidural analgesia for patients in labor
    • Jan
    • Lim Y, Ocampo CE, Sia AT. A comparison of duration of analgesia of intrathecal 2.5 mg of bupivacaine, ropivacaine, and levobupivacaine in combined spinal epidural analgesia for patients in labor. Anesth Analg 2004 Jan; 98 (1): 235-9
    • (2004) Anesth Analg , vol.98 , Issue.1 , pp. 235-239
    • Lim, Y.1    Ocampo, C.E.2    Sia, A.T.3
  • 175
    • 0030920669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous extradural infusion of ropivacaine 2mg ml-1 for pain relief during labour
    • Benhamou D, Hamza J, Eledam J-J, et al. Continuous extradural infusion of ropivacaine 2mg ml-1 for pain relief during labour. Br J Anaesth 1997; 78: 748-50
    • (1997) Br J Anaesth , vol.78 , pp. 748-750
    • Benhamou, D.1    Hamza, J.2    Eledam, J.-J.3
  • 176
    • 0033053541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidural ropivacaine for the inititation of labor epidural analgesia: A dose finding study
    • Beilin Y, Galea M, Zahn J, et al. Epidural ropivacaine for the inititation of labor epidural analgesia: a dose finding study. Anesth Analg 1999; 88: 1340-50
    • (1999) Anesth Analg , vol.88 , pp. 1340-1350
    • Beilin, Y.1    Galea, M.2    Zahn, J.3
  • 178
    • 14244252788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ropivacaine 0.1% with fentanyl 2 microg mL(-1) by epidural infusion for labour analgesia
    • Oct
    • Atienzar MC, Palanca JM, Borras R, et al. Ropivacaine 0.1% with fentanyl 2 microg mL(-1) by epidural infusion for labour analgesia. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2004 Oct; 21 (10): 770-5
    • (2004) Eur J Anaesthesiol , vol.21 , Issue.10 , pp. 770-775
    • Atienzar, M.C.1    Palanca, J.M.2    Borras, R.3
  • 179
    • 0036150283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidural infusions for labor analgesia: A comparison of 0.2% ropivacaine, 0.1% ropivacaine, and 0.1% ropivacaine with fentanyl
    • Jan 28
    • Lee BB, Ngan Kee WD, Lau WM, et al. Epidural infusions for labor analgesia: a comparison of 0.2% ropivacaine, 0.1% ropivacaine, and 0.1% ropivacaine with fentanyl. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2002 Jan 28; 27: 31-6
    • (2002) Reg Anesth Pain Med , vol.27 , pp. 31-36
    • Lee, B.B.1    Ngan Kee, W.D.2    Lau, W.M.3
  • 180
    • 0042736798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PCEA compared to continuous epidural infusion in an ultra-low-dose regimen for labor pain relief: A randomized study
    • Oct
    • Ledin Eriksson S, Gentele C, Olofsson CH. PCEA compared to continuous epidural infusion in an ultra-low-dose regimen for labor pain relief: a randomized study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2003 Oct; 47 (9): 1085-90
    • (2003) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.47 , Issue.9 , pp. 1085-1090
    • Ledin Eriksson, S.1    Gentele, C.2    Olofsson, C.H.3
  • 181
    • 15944381861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of continuous background infusion plus demand dose and demand-only parturient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) using ropivacaine combined with sufentanil for labor and delivery
    • Apr
    • Bremerich DH, Waibel HJ, Mierdl S, et al. Comparison of continuous background infusion plus demand dose and demand-only parturient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) using ropivacaine combined with sufentanil for labor and delivery. Int J Obstet Anesth 2005 Apr; 14 (2): 114-20
    • (2005) Int J Obstet Anesth , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 114-120
    • Bremerich, D.H.1    Waibel, H.J.2    Mierdl, S.3
  • 182
    • 12344265086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 0.2% Ropivacaine and levobupivacaine provide equally effective epidural labour analgesia
    • Nov
    • Supandji M, Sia AT, Ocampo CE. 0.2% Ropivacaine and levobupivacaine provide equally effective epidural labour analgesia. Can J Anaesth 2004 Nov; 51 (9): 918-22
    • (2004) Can J Anaesth , vol.51 , Issue.9 , pp. 918-922
    • Supandji, M.1    Sia, A.T.2    Ocampo, C.E.3
  • 183
    • 0442294218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of patient-controlled epidural bolus administration of 0.1% ropivacaine and 0.1% levobupivacaine, both with 0.0002% fentanyl, for analgesia during labour
    • Feb
    • Purdie NL, McGrady EM. Comparison of patient-controlled epidural bolus administration of 0.1% ropivacaine and 0.1% levobupivacaine, both with 0.0002% fentanyl, for analgesia during labour. Anaesthesia 2004 Feb; 59 (2): 133-7
    • (2004) Anaesthesia , vol.59 , Issue.2 , pp. 133-137
    • Purdie, N.L.1    McGrady, E.M.2
  • 184
    • 0042565987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidural levobupivacaine, ropivacaine and bupivacaine in combination with sufentanil in early labour: A randomized trial
    • Aug
    • Camorcia M, Capogna G. Epidural levobupivacaine, ropivacaine and bupivacaine in combination with sufentanil in early labour: a randomized trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2003 Aug; 20 (No. 8): 636-9
    • (2003) Eur J Anaesthesiol , vol.20 , Issue.8 , pp. 636-639
    • Camorcia, M.1    Capogna, G.2
  • 185
    • 0347993943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multicentre trial comparing different concentrations of ropivacaine plus sufentanil with bupivacaine plus sufentanil for patient-controlled epidural analgesia in labour
    • Jan
    • Gogarten W, Van de Velde M, Soetens E, et al. A multicentre trial comparing different concentrations of ropivacaine plus sufentanil with bupivacaine plus sufentanil for patient-controlled epidural analgesia in labour. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2004 Jan; 21 (1): 38-45
    • (2004) Eur J Anaesthesiol , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 38-45
    • Gogarten, W.1    Van De Velde, M.2    Soetens, E.3
  • 186
    • 0034099581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ropivacaine, 0.1% plus sufentanil, 0.5 mcg/ml, versus bupivacaine, 0.1% plus sufentanil, 0.5 mcg/ml, using patient-controlled epidural analgesia for labour
    • Fischer C, Blanie P, Jaouen E, et al. Ropivacaine, 0.1% plus sufentanil, 0.5 mcg/ml, versus bupivacaine, 0.1% plus sufentanil, 0.5 mcg/ml, using patient-controlled epidural analgesia for labour. Anesthesiology 2000; 92 (6): 1588-93
    • (2000) Anesthesiology , vol.92 , Issue.6 , pp. 1588-1593
    • Fischer, C.1    Blanie, P.2    Jaouen, E.3
  • 187
    • 0347719647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patient-controlled epidural analgesia for labor pain: Effect on labor, delivery and neonatal outcome of 0.125% bupivacaine vs 0.2% ropivacaine
    • Jan
    • Evron S, Glezerman M, Sadan O, et al. Patient-controlled epidural analgesia for labor pain: effect on labor, delivery and neonatal outcome of 0.125% bupivacaine vs 0.2% ropivacaine. Int J Obstet Anesth 2004 Jan; 13 (1): 5-10
    • (2004) Int J Obstet Anesth , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 5-10
    • Evron, S.1    Glezerman, M.2    Sadan, O.3
  • 188
    • 0033652291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ropivacaine 0.2% versus bupivacaine 0.1% with fentanyl: A double blind comparison for analgesia during labour
    • Dec
    • Dresner M, Freeman J, Calow C, et al. Ropivacaine 0.2% versus bupivacaine 0.1% with fentanyl: a double blind comparison for analgesia during labour. Br J Anaesth 2000 Dec; 85: 826-9
    • (2000) Br J Anaesth , vol.85 , pp. 826-829
    • Dresner, M.1    Freeman, J.2    Calow, C.3
  • 189
    • 0031684832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrathecal ropivacaine for labor anagesia: A comparison with bupivacaine
    • Levin A, Datta S, Camann WR. Intrathecal ropivacaine for labor anagesia: a comparison with bupivacaine. Anesth Analg 1998; 87: 624-7
    • (1998) Anesth Analg , vol.87 , pp. 624-627
    • Levin, A.1    Datta, S.2    Camann, W.R.3
  • 190
    • 0034833815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low dose intrathecal ropivacaine with or without sufentanil provides effective analgesia and does not impair motor strength during labour: A pilot study
    • Jul 31
    • Soni AK, Miller CG, Pratt SD, et al. Low dose intrathecal ropivacaine with or without sufentanil provides effective analgesia and does not impair motor strength during labour: a pilot study. Can J Anesth 2001 Jul 31; 48: 677-80
    • (2001) Can J Anesth , vol.48 , pp. 677-680
    • Soni, A.K.1    Miller, C.G.2    Pratt, S.D.3
  • 191
    • 0035171404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrathecal ropivacaine or bupivacaine with fentanyl for labour
    • Nov
    • Hughes D, Hill D, Fee JPH. Intrathecal ropivacaine or bupivacaine with fentanyl for labour. Br J Anaesth 2001 Nov; 87: 733-7
    • (2001) Br J Anaesth , vol.87 , pp. 733-737
    • Hughes, D.1    Hill, D.2    Fee, J.P.H.3
  • 192
    • 10644271784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benefit-risk assessment of ropivacaine in the management of postoperative pain
    • Zink W, Graf BM. Benefit-risk assessment of ropivacaine in the management of postoperative pain. Drug Saf 2004; 27 (14): 1093-114
    • (2004) Drug Saf , vol.27 , Issue.14 , pp. 1093-1114
    • Zink, W.1    Graf, B.M.2
  • 193
    • 2642683636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accidental i.v. injections of ropivacaine: Clinical experience of six cases
    • Selander D, Sjovall J, Waldenlind L, et al. Accidental i.v. injections of ropivacaine: clinical experience of six cases [abstract]. Reg Anaesth 1997; 22 (2S): 70
    • (1997) Reg Anaesth , vol.22 , Issue.2 S , pp. 70
    • Selander, D.1    Sjovall, J.2    Waldenlind, L.3
  • 194
    • 0041828238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful rescuscitation after ropivacaine-induced ventricular fibrillation
    • Klein SM, Pierce T, Rubin Y, et al. Successful rescuscitation after ropivacaine-induced ventricular fibrillation. Anesth Analg 2003; 97: 901-3
    • (2003) Anesth Analg , vol.97 , pp. 901-903
    • Klein, S.M.1    Pierce, T.2    Rubin, Y.3
  • 195
    • 0031794966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neonatal outcomes and mode of delivery after epidural analgesia with ropivacaine and bupivacaine: A prospective meta-analysis
    • Writer WD, Stienstra R, Eddleston JM, et al. Neonatal outcomes and mode of delivery after epidural analgesia with ropivacaine and bupivacaine: a prospective meta-analysis. Br J Anaesth 1998; 81: 713-7
    • (1998) Br J Anaesth , vol.81 , pp. 713-717
    • Writer, W.D.1    Stienstra, R.2    Eddleston, J.M.3
  • 197
    • 17844393656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bupivacaine, levobupivacaine and ropivacaine: Are they clinically different?
    • Jun
    • Casati A, Putzu M. Bupivacaine, levobupivacaine and ropivacaine: are they clinically different? Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2005 Jun; 19 (2): 247-68
    • (2005) Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 247-268
    • Casati, A.1    Putzu, M.2
  • 198
    • 3242888513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levobupivacaine and ropivacaine: The new choices for labor analgesia
    • Jun
    • Kuczkowski KM. Levobupivacaine and ropivacaine: the new choices for labor analgesia. Int J Clin Pract 2004 Jun; 58 (6): 604-5
    • (2004) Int J Clin Pract , vol.58 , Issue.6 , pp. 604-605
    • Kuczkowski, K.M.1
  • 199
    • 0036551638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ropivacaine and bupivacaine in obstetric analgesia
    • Apr
    • Capogna G. Ropivacaine and bupivacaine in obstetric analgesia. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2002 Apr; 19 (4): 237-9
    • (2002) Eur J Anaesthesiol , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 237-239
    • Capogna, G.1
  • 200
    • 0038352033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The place of ropivacaine in anesthesia
    • Stienstra R. The place of ropivacaine in anesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg 2003; 54 (2): 141-8
    • (2003) Acta Anaesthesiol Belg , vol.54 , Issue.2 , pp. 141-148
    • Stienstra, R.1
  • 202
    • 19044396220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous peripheral nerve blocks at home: A review
    • Ilfield BM, Kayser Enneking F. Continuous peripheral nerve blocks at home: a review. Anesth Analg 2005; 100: 1822-33
    • (2005) Anesth Analg , vol.100 , pp. 1822-1833
    • Ilfield, B.M.1    Kayser Enneking, F.2
  • 203
    • 0037407061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ropivacaine and bupivacaine: Concentrating on dosing!
    • May
    • Polley LS, Columb MO. Ropivacaine and bupivacaine: concentrating on dosing! Anesth Analg 2003 May; 96: 1251-3
    • (2003) Anesth Analg , vol.96 , pp. 1251-1253
    • Polley, L.S.1    Columb, M.O.2
  • 204
    • 0035117892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of motor block between ropivacaine and bupivacaine for continuous labor epidural analgesia
    • Feb
    • Merson N. A comparison of motor block between ropivacaine and bupivacaine for continuous labor epidural analgesia. AANA J 2001 Feb; 69 (1): 54-8
    • (2001) AANA J , vol.69 , Issue.1 , pp. 54-58
    • Merson, N.1
  • 205
    • 30144441730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Södertälje, Sweden: AstraZeneca Anaesthesia Group, Sep
    • AstraZeneca. Naropin (ropivacaine HCl): product monograph. Södertälje, Sweden: AstraZeneca Anaesthesia Group, 2004 Sep
    • (2004) Naropin (Ropivacaine HCl): Product Monograph


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.