Differential diagnosis of common tremor syndromes

Postgraduate Medical Journal

Volumn 81, Issue 962, 2005, Pages 756-762

  Bhidayasiri, R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPRAZOLAM; AMIODARONE; ANTIHISTAMINIC AGENT; BETA 2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; BOTULINUM TOXIN A; BUDIPINE; CHOLINERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CLONAZEPAM; CLOZAPINE; CYCLOSPORIN A; DOPAMINE RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; FLUNARIZINE; GABAPENTIN; LAMOTRIGINE; LEVODOPA; LITHIUM; MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITOR; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; NICOTINE; NIFEDIPINE; OLANZAPINE; PRIMIDONE; PROPRANOLOL; THEOPHYLLINE; THYROXINE; TOPIRAMATE; TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; UNINDEXED DRUG; VALPROIC ACID;

ANAMNESIS; CLINICAL FEATURE; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH ROUTE; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DROWSINESS; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG INDICATION; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; ESSENTIAL TREMOR; HUMAN; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASE; NAUSEA; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; PARKINSON DISEASE; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PSYCHOTHERAPY; RELAXATION TRAINING; REVIEW; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; TASK PERFORMANCE; TREMOR; UNSTEADINESS; VERTIGO;

BRAIN DISEASES; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; HUMANS; PARKINSON DISEASE; PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGIC DISORDERS; TREMOR;

EID: 29244439314     PISSN: 00325473     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.2005.032979     Document Type: Review

References (73)

1. Deuschl G, Bain P, Brin M. Consensus statement of the Movement Disorder Society on Tremor. Ad Hoc Scientific Committee. Mov Disord 1998;13(suppl 3):2-23.
2. Elble RJ. Diagnostic criteria for essential tremor and differential diagnosis. Neurology 2000;54:S2-6.
3. Grimes DA. Tremor-easily seen but difficult to describe and treat. Can J Neurol Sci 2003;30(suppl 1):S59-63.
4. Louis, ed. Clinical practice. Essential tremor. N Engl J Med 2001;345:887-91.
5. Elble RJ. Essential tremor frequency decreases with time. Neurology 2000;55:1547-51.
6. Brin MF, Koller W. Epidemiology and genetics of essential tremor. Mov Disord 1998;13(suppl 3):55-63.
7. Bharucha NE, Bharucha EP, Bharucha AE, et al. Prevalence of Parkinson's disease in the Parsi community of Bombay, India. Arch Neurol 1988;45:1321-3.
8. Haerer AF, Anderson DW, Schoenberg BS. Prevalence of essential tremor. Results from the Copiah County study. Arch Neurol 1982;39:750-1.
9. Louis ED, Ford B, Frucht S, et al. Risk of tremor and impairment from tremor in relatives of patients with essential tremor: a community-based family study. Ann Neurol 2001;49:761-9.
10. Bain PG, Findley LJ, Thompson PD, et al. A study of hereditary essential tremor. Brain 1994;117:805-24.
11. Schrag A, Munchau A, Bhatia KP, et al. Essential tremor: an overdiagnosed condition? J Neurol 2000;247:955-9.
12. Louis ED, Ford B, Barnes LF. Clinical subtypes of essential tremor. Arch Neurol 2000;57:1194-8.
13. Louis ED, Barnes LF, Ford B, et al. Ethnic differences in essential tremor. Arch Neurol 2000;57:723-7.
14. Jankovic J. Essential tremor: a heterogenous disorder. Mov Disord 2002;17:638-44.
15. Gulcher JR, Jonsson P, Kong A, et al. Mapping of a familial essential tremor gene, FET1, to chromosome 3q13. Nat Genet 1997;17:84-7.
16. Higgins JJ, Pho LT, Nee LE. A gene (ETM) for essential tremor maps to chromosome 2p22-p25. Mov Disord 1997;12:859-64.
17. Rautakorpi I, Takala J, Marttila RJ, et al. Essential tremor in a Finnish population. Acta Neurol Scand 1982;66:58-67.
18. Chouinard S, Louis ED, Fahn S. Agreement among movement disorder specialists on the clinical diagnosis of essential tremor. Mov Disord 1997;12:973-6.
19. Wills AJ, Jenkins IH, Thompson PD, et al. A positron emission tomography study of cerebral activation associated with essential and writing tremor. Arch Neurol 1995;52:299-305.
20. Asenbaum S, Pirker W, Angelberger P, et al. [123I]beta-CIT and SPECT in essential tremor and Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm 1998;105:1213-28.
21. Benamer TS, Patterson J, Grosset DG, et al. Accurate differentiation of parkinsonism and essential tremor using visual assessment of [123I]-FP-CIT SPEQ imaging: the [123I]-FP-CIT study group. Mov Disord 2000;15:503-10.
22. Roberts EA, Schilsky ML. A practice guideline on Wilson disease. Hepotology 2003;37:1475-92.
23. Deuschl G, Elble RJ. The pathophysiology of essential tremor. Neurology 2000;54:S14-20.
24. Deuschl G, Wenzelburger R, Loffler K, et al. Essential tremor and cerebellar dysfunction clinical and kinematic analysis of intention tremor. Brain 2000;123:1568-80.
25. Wilms H, Sievers J, Deuschl G. Animal models of tremor. Mov Disord 1999;14:557-71.
26. Larsen TA, Calne DB. Essential tremor. Clin Neuropharmacol 1983;6:185-206.
27. Dietrichson P, Espen E. Effects of timolol and atenolol on benign essential tremor: placebo-controlled studies based on quantitative tremor recording. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1981;44:677-83.
28. Koller WC. Dose-response relationship of propranolol in the treatment of essential tremor. Arch Neurol 1986;43:42-3.
29. Cleeves L, Findley U. Propranolol and propranolol-LA in essential tremor: a double blind comparative study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1988;51:379-84.
30. Young RR. Essential-familial tremor and other action tremors. Semin Neurol 1982;2:386-91.
31. Jefferson D, Jenner P, Marsden CD. beta-Adrenoreceptor antagonists in essential tremor. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1979;42:904-9.
32. Koller WC, Royse VL. Efficacy of primidone in essential tremor. Neurology 1986;36:121-4.
33. Gorman WP, Cooper R, Pocock P, et ali. A comparison of primidone, propranolol, and placebo in essential tremor, using quantitative analysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1986;49:64-8.
34. Connor GS. A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of topiramate treatment for essential tremor. Neurology 2002;59:132-4.
35. Ondo W, Hunter C, Vuong KD, et al. Gabapentin for essential tremor: a multiple-dose, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Mov Disord 2000;15:678-82.
36. Brin MF, Lyons KE, Doucette J, et al. A randomized, double masked, controlled trial of botulinum toxin type A in essential hand tremor. Neurology 2001;56:1523-8.
37. Koller W, Pahwa R, Busenbark K, et al. High-frequency unilateral thalamic stimulation in the treatment of essential and parkinsonian tremor. Ann Neurol 1997;42:292-9.
38. Limousin P, Speelman JD, Gielen F, et al. Multicentre European study of thalamic stimulation in parkinsonian and essential tremor. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1999;66:289-96.
39. Koller WC, Hubble JP. Levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1990;40(suppl):40-7.
40. Wasielewski PO, Burns JM, Koller WC. Pharmacologic treatment of tremor. Mov Disord 1998;13(suppl 3):90-100.
41. Koller WC. Pharmacologic treatment of parkinsonian tremor. Arch Neurol 1986;43:126-7.
42. Hughes AJ, Lees AJ, Stern GM. Apomorphine in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonian tremor. Clin Neuropharmacol 1990;13:312-17.
43. Katzenschloger R, Sampaio C, Costa J, et al. Anticholinergics for symptomatic management of Parkinson's disease. Cochrane Library. Issue 2. Oxford: Update Software, 2003.
44. Navan P, Findley LJ, Jeffs JA, et al. Double-blind, single-dose, cross-over study of the effects of pramipexole, pergolide, and placebo on rest tremor and UPDRS part III in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2003;18:176-80.
45. Pogarell O, Gasser T, van Hilten JJ, et al. Pramipexole in patients with Parkinson's disease and marked drug resistant tremor: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled multicentre study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002;72:713-20.
46. Schrag A, Keens J, Warner J. Ropinirole for the treatment of tremor in early Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurol 2002;9:253-7.
47. Korczyn AD, Brunt ER, Larsen JP, et al. A 3-year randomized trial of ropinirole and bromocriptine in early Parkinson's disease. The 053 Study Group. Neurology 1999;53:364-70.
48. van Laar T, Lledo A, Quail D, et al. An analysis of the improvement in activities of daily living (ADL) and motor score associated with pergolide monotherapy in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurol 1999;6:133.
49. Pizzuti GP, Byford GH, Cifaldi S, et al. Finger tremor and the central nervous system. J Biomed Eng 1992;14:356-9.
50. Deuschl G, Raethjen J, Lindemann M, et al. The pathophysiology of tremor. Muscle Nerve 2001;24:716-35.
51. Koller W, Cone S, Herbster G. Caffeine and tremor. Neurology 1987;37:169-72.
52. Comby B, Chevalier G, Bouchoucha M. A new method for the measurement of tremor at rest. Arch Int Physiol Biochim Biophys 1992;100:73-8.
53. Karas BJ, Wilder BJ, Hammond EJ, et al. Valproate tremors. Neurology 1982;32:428-32.
54. Vestergaard P. Clinically important side effects of long-term lithium treatment: a review. Ada Psychiatr Scand Suppl 1983;305:1-36.
55. Stacy M, Jankovic J. Tardive tremor. Mov Disord 1992;7:53-7.
56. Demirkiran M, Jankovic J, Dean JM. Ecstasy intoxication: an overlap between serotonin syndrome and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Clin Neuropharmacol 1996;19:157-64.
57. Finsterer J, Muellbacher W, Mamoli B. Yes/yes head tremor without appendicular tremor after bilateral cerebellar infarction. J Neurol Sci 1996;139:242-5.
58. Thach WT, Goodkin HP, Keating JG. The cerebellum and the adaptive coordination of movement. Annu Rev Neurosci 1992;15:403-42.
59. Sandyk R. Successful treatment of cerebellar tremor with clonazepam. Clin Pharm 1985;4:615-18.
60. Trelles L, Trelles JO, Castro C, et al. Successful treatment of two cases of intention tremor with clonazepam. Ann Neurol 1984;16:621.
61. Wishart HA, Roberts DW, Roth RM, et al. Chronic deep brain stimulation for the treatment of tremor in multiple sclerosis: review and case reports. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003;74:1392-7.
62. Nandi D, Aziz TZ. Deep brain stimulation in the management of neuropathic pain and multiple sclerosis tremor. J Clin Neurophysiol 2004;21:31-9.
63. Deuschl G, Koster B, Lucking CH, et al. Diagnostic and pathophysiological aspects of psychogenic tremors. Mov Disord 1998;13:294-302.
64. Kim YJ, Pakiam AS, Lang AE. Historical and clinical features of psychogenic tremor: a review of 70 cases. Can J Neurol Sci 1999;26:190-5.
65. Koller W, Lang A, Vetere-Overfield B, et al. Psychogenic tremors. Neurology 1989;39:1094-9.
66. Uddin MK, Rodnitzky RL. Tremor in children. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2003;10:26-34.
67. Onofrj M, Thomas A, Paci C, et al. Gabapentin in orthostatic tremor: results of a double-blind crossover with placebo in four patients. Neurology 1998;51:880-2.
68. Samie MR, Selhorst JB, Koller WC. Post-traumatic midbrain tremors. Neurology 1990;40:62-6.
69. Deuschl G, Toro C, Valls-Sole J, et al. Symptomatic and essential palatal tremor. 1. Clinical, physiological and MRI analysis. Brain 1994;117:775-88.
70. Deuschl G, Toro C, Hallett M. Symptomatic and essential palatal tremor. 2. Differences of palatal movements. Mov Disord 1994;9:676-8.
71. Cho JW, Chu K, Jeon BS. Case of essential palatal tremor: atypical features and remarkable benefit from botulinum toxin injection. Mov Disord 2001;16:779-82.
72. Bhidoyasiri R, Waters MF, Giza CC. Neurological differential diagnosis: a prioritized approach. Oxford: Blackwell, 2005.
73. Manyam BV. Uncommon forms of tremor. In: Watts RL, Koller WC, eds. Movement disorders: neurologic principles and practice. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2004:459-80.